Download East Bay Regional Park District

Answer Key
East Bay Regional Park District
Lifeguard Academy
1) What procedures should lifeguards follow when responding to a report of injury or sudden illness on
land? (LG pg 94-95)
a)
b)
c)
d)
Size up the Scene
Perform and initial assessment
Summon EMS
Perform secondary assessment
2) During certain emergencies, lifeguards should always summon EMS personnel. List six
emergencies that lifeguards should always summon EMS for. (LG pg 95)
a) Unconsciousness or disorientation
b) Breathing problems
c) Chest discomfort, pain or pressure lasting more than 3-5 minutes
d) No pulse
e) Severe bleeding
f) Persistant abdominal pain or pressure
g) Suspected head, neck or back injuries
h) Severe allergic reaction
i) Stroke
j) Seizures that occur in water or last over 5 minutes
k) Repeated seizures
l) Seizures involving pregnant women
m) Vomiting or passing blood
n) Sever burns
o) Suspected broken bones
p) Suspected poisoning
q) Sudden severe headache
3) Once an AED is available to use, CPR should be stopped. Even if you are in the middle of a
cycle. (LG pg 134-135)
a) True
b) False
4) During the initial assessment, you check the victim for several things. What are you
checking for? (LG pg 95)
a) Check the victim for consciousness and obtain consent
b) Check for signs of life
c) Check for pulse
d) Check for severe bleeding
5) What is a myocardial infarction? What are signs and symptoms of one? (LG pg 124-125)
a) Heart Attack
b) Discomfort, pressure or pain in the chest, trouble breathing, pale or ashen skin, face
damp with sweat, heavy sweating, dizzy feeling, shortness of breath, jaw or back pain
in women, nausea, vomiting
Breakout Session 3 Answer Key
Page 1 of 9
Answer Key
6) Why should you conduct an initial assessment in every situation? (LG pg 95)
a) To identify any life-threatening conditions
b) To protect the victim and bystanders from dangers at the scene
c) To protect you from legal actions
d) To reassure the victim
7) EMS personnel should be summoned for all of the following conditions EXCEPT— (LG pg 95)
a) A yellowing of the skin.
b) Breathing problems (difficulty breathing or no breathing).
c) Chest pain or discomfort that lasts 3 to 5 minutes or that goes away and comes back.
d) Severe headache or slurred speech.
8) In an emergency, move a victim only if not moving him or her will cause further harm to the victim
or the rescuer. Which of the following includes examples of such a situation? (LG pg 98)
a) Confined, downed power lines; moving traffic; or domestic animals
b) Explosions, fire, toxic gas exposure or unstable structures in the immediate vicinity
c) Rainstorms, moving traffic or power outages
d) Unstable structures a block away or power outages
9) PPE’s are designed to help protect people from bloodborne pathogen transmissions. What
PPE would you use in the following situations? (LG pg 91)
a) Victim is spurting blood.
i) Gloves, gown, mask, eyewear.
b) Victim is oozing blood.
i) Gloves.
c) Victim is in labor.
i) Gloves, gown, mask, eyewear.
d) Victim’s airway is being suctioned.
i) Gloves primarily and mask/eyewear if spraying likely
10) An AED will only shock if 1 of 2 rhythms is present. What are the two rhythms called?
Explain what each rhythm is and what it does to the heart. (LG pg 134)
a) Ventricular Fibrillation and Ventricular Tachycardia
b) Ventricular Fibrillation is is a state of totally disorganized electrical activity in the
heart. It results in fibrillatin or quivering of the ventricles. The heart cannot pump
blood if it is in v-fib.
Ventricular Tachycardia is a rapid contraction of the ventricles. There is no regular
rhythm and the rate is so fast the heart cannot pump blood properly.
11) If lifeguards stop providing care before higher EMS personnel arrive and take over, they can
be held legally responsible for abandonment (LG pg 8)
a) True
b) False
Breakout Session 3 Answer Key
Page 2 of 9
Answer Key
12) Complete the following chart on CPR (LG pg 127)
Adult
Depth of
Compression
Ratio of
Compressions to
Breathes (1
rescuer)
Ratio of
Compressions to
Breathes (2
rescuer)
Rate per minute
Child
Infant
1.5-2 inches
1-1.5 inches
.5-1 inches
30:2
30:2
30:2
30:2
15:2
15:2
100
compressions
100
compressions
100
compressions
13) An AED will only shock if 1 of 2 rhythms is present. What are the two rhythms called?
Explain what each rhythm is and what it does to the heart. (LG pg 134)
a) Ventricular Fibrillation and Ventricular Tachycardia
b) Ventricular Fibrillation is is a state of totally disorganized electrical activity in the
heart. It results in fibrillatin or quivering of the ventricles. The heart cannot pump
blood if it is in v-fib.
Ventricular Tachycardia is a rapid contraction of the ventricles. There is no regular
rhythm and the rate is so fast the heart cannot pump blood properly.
14) Unprotected skin contact with blood-soaked bandages from a first aid incident is an example of
indirect contact.(LG pg 88)
15) When doing CPR, where should you place your hands for an adult? Child? Infant? (LG pg
127)
a) Adult: two hands on center of chest
b) Child: Two or one hand on the center of the chest
c) Infant: Two or three fingers on the center of the chest, just below nipple line
16) CPR, the second link in the cardiac chain of survival, helps circulate blood containing
oxygen to vital organs until EMS personnel arrive and take over. (LG pg 126-127)
a) True
b) False
17) When using an AED, there are 9 steps that should be followed. What are they? (LG pg 134)
a) Conduct Initial Assessment
b) Turn on AED
c) Wipe the victim’s chest dry
d) Attach the pads
e) Plug the connector into the AED, if necessary
f) Make sure no one, including you, is touching the victim.
g) Push the analyze button, if neccessasry.
h) If shock advised, push shock button
i) Perform CPR
Breakout Session 3 Answer Key
Page 3 of 9
Answer Key
18) What is the point of the scene size up? What are some examples of things lifeguards should
look for when sizing up the scene? (LG pg 94)
a) Determines if the scene is safe for lifeguards, other rescuers, the victim and bystanders.
b) Look for danger, such as traffic, unstable strucutures, downed power lines, swift
moving waer, violence, explosions or toxic gas.
19) When is the foot drag useful? (LG pg 100)
a) When moving a victim that is too lartge to carry or move otherwise.
20) It is not necessary to change gloves in between victims, as the gloves are designed to protect
the rescuer, not the victim. (LG pg 92)
a) True
b) False
21) The following people were injured together. Who should you treat first? Why? (LG pg 9495)
a) Person 1 who is bleeding from their hand.
b) Person 2 who is not hurt.
c) Person 3 who is complaining of a sprained ankle
d) Person 4 who is unconscious.
i) The Unconscious person should be treated first because they have the most severe
injury and require the most immediate care. What if the pads might touch on a
child?
22) Where should AED pads be placed on an adult? Where should they be placed on a child?
(LG pg 134-137)
a) Adult- One pad on upper right chest and one pad on lower left side
b) Child- One pad on upper right chest and one pad on lower left side
c) If there is a risk of the pads touching, place one pad on child’s chest and one between
shoulder blades.
23) When using an AED, it is important to make sure nobody is touching the victim. What
happens if you touch the victim while the AED is analyzing? What happens if you touch the
victim while the AED is shocking? (LG pg 138)
a) Analyzing- The AED could read your, or someone else’s, heart rhythm instead of
victim’s. It might not deliver a shock even if one is needed.
b) Shocking- You, or someone else, could get shocked.
24) Because AEDs save lives, you should apply them to everyone you treat, regardless of
whether they are breathing and have a pulse. The AED will determine if a rhythm is present
and shock if needed. (LG pg 134-135)
a) True
b) False
Breakout Session 3 Answer Key
Page 4 of 9
Answer Key
25) Victims should only be moved if one of three conditions are present. What are the
conditions?(LG pg 98)
a) The scene is unsafe or becoming unsafe (fire, risk or explosion, hazardous chemical
leak, collapsing structure, etc.)
b) Another victim must be reached who may have a more serious injury.
c) To provide proper care (someone has collapsed on a stairway and needs CPR, which
must be performed on a firm, flat surface).
26) When doing CPR with an AED, if the AED indicates no shock is advised, how many minutes
should you expect to perform CPR before the AED reanalyzes? (LG pg 134-135)
a) 2 minutes
27) During the initial assessment, how long should you check the following for: (LG pg 95-97)
a) Breathing: Not more than 10 seconds
b) Pulse: Not more than 10 seconds
28) During 2 rescuer CPR, as the first rescuer performs the initial assessment, the second rescuer
should find proper hand position to give compressions (LG pg 130)
a) True
b) False
29) What do AEDs do to the heart? If you have asystole, will an AED work? Why or why not?
(LG pg 134)
a) AEDs disrupt the electrical activity of Vfib or Vtach long enough for the heart to
spontaneously develop an effective rhythm of their own?
b) If you have asystole, an AED will not work. AEDs cannot restart a heart that has no
electrical activity, they can only disrupt the V-tach or V-Fib electrical activities.
30) Know the following: (LG pg 97)
a) How and where do you check an adult to determine if there is a pulse? What artery is
this?
i) Adult- one hand on victim’s forehead, and 2-3 fingers in groove on side of neck.
Carotid Artery.
b) How and where do you check a child to determine if there is a pulse? What artery is this?
i) Child- one hand on victim’s forehead, and 2-3 fingers in groove on side of neck.
Carotid Artery.
c) How and where do you check an infant to determine if there is a pulse? What artery is
this?
i) Infant- with one hand on the infant’s forehead, use the other to find the brachial
pulse between the infants elbow and shoulder. Brachial artery.
31) If the first two breathes do not go in, you should give 5 back blows and then 5 chest thrusts.
(LG pg 114)
a) True
b) False
Breakout Session 3 Answer Key
Page 5 of 9
Answer Key
32) The purpose of the initial assessment is to identify any life threatening conditions. (LG pg
95)
33) What are the rescue breathing rates for a: (LG pg 105-106)
a) Adult: 1 breath every 5 seconds.
b) Child: 1 breath every 3 seconds
c) Infant: 1 breath every 3 seconds.
34) Proper hand placement is important to avoid injury. To ensure the most effective thrust
against an adult’s diaphragm, lifeguards should place their hands just above the navel or
belly button when doing abdominal thrusts. (LG pg 11-112)
a) True
b) False
35) When using an AED, (LG pg 138-139)
a) Check for a pulse while the device is delivering a shock.
b) Dry the victim’s chest thoroughly using alcohol and gauze pads.
c) Place the victim on his or her side.
d) Remove any patch you see on the victim’s chest.
36) After the second analysis, if the AED tells the rescuer “no shock advised,” he or she should continue
CPR. (LG pg 140)
37) What are the signs of respiratory distress? (LG pg 102)
a) Slow or rapid breathing
b) Unusually deep or shallow breathing
c) Shortness of breath or noisy breathing
d) Dizziness, drowiness or light headedness
e) Changes in the level of consciousness
f) Increased heart rate
g) Chest pain or discomfort
h) Skin that is flushed, pale, ashen or bluish
i) Moist or cool skin
j) Gasping for breath
k) Wheezing, gurgling or making high pitched noises
l) Inability to speak in full sentences
m) Tingling in hands or feet
38) When should a lifeguard stop encouraging a choking victim to cough and start administering
back blows and abdominal thrusts? (LG pg 111)
a) Once the victim can no longer cough, speak or breathe.
39) When you give rescue breaths to a victim of a nonfatal submersion, the victim will probably
vomit. (LG pg 110)
a) True
b) False
40) What is the difference between respiratory arrest and respiratory distress? (LG pg 102)
Breakout Session 3 Answer Key
Page 6 of 9
Answer Key
a) Respiratory distress is when a victim is having difficulty breathing. Respiratory arrest
is when breathing has stopped.
Breakout Session 3 Answer Key
Page 7 of 9
Answer Key
41) A mother yells to you that something is wrong with her infant. You obtain consent and put on
the appropriate personal protective equipment. During the initial assessment, you determine
the unconscious infant has an airway obstruction. What is the proper sequence of care for an
unconscious infant? (LG pg 113-115)
a. Give 5 back blows followed by 5 chest thrusts
b. Give 3 chest thrusts, look for an object and give 1 rescue breaths
c. Give 5 chest thrusts, immediately do a finger sweep and give 2 rescue breaths
d. Give 5 chest thrusts, look for an object and give 2 rescue breaths
42) A child is clutching his throat with both hands. You obtain consent from the parent to
provide care to the child. After summoning EMS personnel and putting on the appropriate
personal protective equipment, what should you do? (LG pg 111)
a) Stand or kneel behind the child and give 3 back blows followed by 3 chest thrusts
b) Stand or kneel behind the child and give 5 back blows
c) Stand or kneel behind the child and give 5 chest thrusts
d) Stand or kneel behind the child and give 5 back blows followed by 5 chest thrusts
43) After the AED administers a shock, lifeguards should: (LG pg 134-135)
a) Continue CPR until the AED reanalyzes
b) Remove the AED because only 2 shocks can be given
c) Perform a secondary assessment
d) Physically check for a pulse
44) The sooner a shock is administered the greater the likelihood of the victim’s survival (LG pg
133)
45) Name four types of exposures to blood that professional rescuers, such as lifeguards, might encounter.
(LG pg 86-94)
a) Injuries from needles
b) Injuries from other sharps
c) Direct contact (skin and mucous membrane)
d) Indirect contact (skin and mucous membrane)
46) Which of the following is not a specific link in the Cardiac Chain of Survival? (LG pg 124)
a) Early CPR
b) Early defibrillation
c) Early recognition of the emergency and early access to EMS
d) Early rescue
47) What is the most important action step to take to care for a person you think may be experiencing a
heart attack? (LG pg 125)
a) Check airway, breathing and circulation.
b) Have the victim stop what he or she is doing and rest.
c) Obtain the victim’s consent.
d) Summon EMS personnel.
Breakout Session 3 Answer Key
Page 8 of 9
Answer Key
48) An AED equipped with pediatric AED pads is capable of delivering levels of energy to a child
between 1 and 8 years of age and weighing less than 55 pounds. (LG pg 136-138)
49) What is an electrical shock delivered to the heart to correct certain abnormal heart rhythms is called?
(LG pg 134)
a) Defibrillation
50) Advise all rescuers and bystanders to “stand clear” when analyzing the victim’s heart rhythm or
delivering a shock to the victim. (LG pg 134)
Breakout Session 3 Answer Key
Page 9 of 9