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AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
Guided Reading Questions: Chapter 07 – Photosynthesis
Key Terms
autotroph
C3 plant
C4 plant
Calvin cycle
CAM plant
carbon fixation
chlorophyll
electromagnetic spectrum
global warming
granum (plural, grana)
greenhouse effect
light reactions
mesophyll
photoautotroph
photon
photophosphorylation
photorespiration
photosynthesis
photosystem
producer
reaction center complex
stoma (plural, stomata)
stroma
thylakoid
wavelength
Word Roots
auto- _ self; -troph _ food (autotroph: an organism that makes its own food, thereby sustaining
itself
without eating other organisms or their molecules)
chloro- _ green; -phyll _ leaf (chlorophyll: a green pigment located within the chloroplasts of plants,
algae, and certain prokaryotes)
electro- _ electricity; magnet- _ magnetic (electromagnetic spectrum: the entire spectrum of
radiation)
meso- _ middle (mesophyll: the middle layer of tissue inside a leaf)
photo- _ light (photoautotroph: an organism that obtains energy from sunlight and carbon from
CO2 by
photosynthesis; photon: a fixed quantity of light energy); -synthesis _ put together or combine
(photosynthesis: the process by which autotrophs use light energy to make sugars and other organic
food
molecules from carbon dioxide and water)
thylaco- _ sac or pouch (thylakoid: one of a number of disk-shaped membranous sacs inside a
chloroplast)
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Page 1 of 9
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
Plant Power
Complete the figure below by adding a balanced chemical equation
An Overview of Photosynthesis
7.1
Autotrophs are the producers of the biosphere
Using the figure below, contrast and compare Photoautotroph and Chemoautotroph
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Page 2 of 9
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
7.2 Photosynthesis occurs in chloroplasts in plant cells
In the diagram at right, label the type of cell where
photosynthesis occurs. __________
In the diagram at right, label the organelle where
photosynthesis occurs. __________
Where do the light reactions occur (most specific structure)?
__________
Where does the Calvin cycle occur (most specific structure)?
__________
List the part of the plant where each of the following enter/exit a plant:
a. water –
b. CO2 c. O2 d. sunlight –
Plants produce O2 gas by splitting water
Complete: O2 produced during photosynthesis comes from _________ and not from
__________.
7.4 Photosynthesis is a redox process, as is cellular respiration
Complete: C02 is reduced to _________ as electrons in hydrogen ions are added to it.
Complete the figures below:
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Page 3 of 9
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
7.5 Overview: the two stages of photosynthesis are linked by ATP and NADPH
Where do the light reactions occur?
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
Complete: The incorporation of carpet from CO2 into organic compounds is called _________.
Fully label the following figure…
The Light Reactions: Converting Solar Energy to Chemical Energy
7.6 Visible radiation drives the light reactions
Define the following terms:
Electromagnetic spectrum –
Wavelength –
Complete: Light absorbing molecules called pigments, built into the _________, _________
some wavelengths of light and reflect or transmit other wavelengths.
In the figure below, please circle the color (s) that is absorbed and box the color (s) that is
reflected by chlorophyll
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Page 4 of 9
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
7.7 Photosystems capture solar power
Define the following terms:
Photosystem –
Reaction center complex –
Complete: When a pigment molecule absorbs a __________, one of the pigments electrons
jump’s to an energy level farther from the nucleus... from a __________state to an
__________state. Excited electrons drop back down to the ground state in __________…
admitting its energy as __________and __________… in the thylakoid membrane, __________
passes off its excited electron to a neighboring molecule before it has a chance to drop back to
the ground state.
7.8 Two photosystems connected by an electron transport chain generate ATP and
NADPH
Complete the figure below…
In the light reactions, a photon excites an electron within Photosystem II (P680), which is
donated to the primary sector. This electron is replaced by an electron from which molecule?
_________
Complete: The __________ “fall” of electrons provides energy for the synthesis of ATP by
pumping __________ across the (thylakoid) membrane.
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Page 5 of 9
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
7.9 Chemiosmosis powers ATP synthesis in the light reactions
Define:
Chemiosmosis –
PhotophosphorylationFully label the figure below… then place a “1” where chemiosmosis is occurring, a “2” where
photophosphorylation is occurring and a “3” on the “proton pump”, then circle each number.
The Calvin Cycle: Converting CO2 to Sugars
7.10 ATP and NADPH power sugar synthesis in the Calvin cycle
Complete: The Calvin cycle functions like a __________ within a chloroplast...Using
__________ from CO2, __________ from ATP, and high energy __________ from NAPPH, the
Calvin cycle constructs an energy rich, three carbon sugar, __________ (G3P.)
List of the four steps of the Calvin cycle, and summaries each in a brief phrase
1.
2.
3.
4.
What is the “final product” of the Calvin Cycle?
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Page 6 of 9
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
Photosynthesis Reviewed and Extended
7.11 Review: photosynthesis uses the light energy, CO2, and H2O to make food molecules
Complete the following figure…
Complete: Two photosystems systems in the (thylakoid) __________ capture solar energy,
using it to __________ electrons. Simultaneously, water is split, and __________ is released.
The photosystems transfer photo-excited electrons through __________, where energy is
harvested to make __________, and to ADP+, where electrons are stored in the high energy
compound __________. In the __________, the enzyme Rubisco combines __________ with
RuBP, and ATP and NADPH are used to reduce 3-PGA to __________.
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Page 7 of 9
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
Evolution Connection
7.12 Adaptations that save water in hot, dry climates evolved in C4 and CAM plants
Use the following figure to describe specific mechanisms that C4 plants and CAM plants have
evolved to retain moisture even as they photosynthesize.
C4 Plants –
CAM Plants –
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Page 8 of 9
AP Biology: Concepts and Connections - 2009
Your Name: __________________________
Photosynthesis, solar radiation, and Earth’s atmosphere
7.13 Photosynthesis moderates will be warming
Defined, include cause and effect
Greenhouse effect Global warming –
Complete: The gases in the atmosphere is absorbed heat radiation are called __________.
Some occur naturally, such as __________, __________ (CO2), and __________ (CH4), while
others are synthetic, such as __________ (CFCs).
Unfortunately, the __________ levels during the last century coincides with __________, which
aggravated the global warming problem by reducing an effective CO2 sink.
7.14 Mario Molina talks about Earth’s protective ozone layer
Why is the ozone layer important?
How is ozone destroyed?
What is the Montréal protocol and when did it begin to have a big impact on our lives?
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Page 9 of 9