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4.2 – Plant Tissue Systems
Cellular Differentiation and Specialization in Plants
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Meristematic cells are undifferentiated plant cells that can form any kind of
specialized tissue.
Meristematic cells are located at the tips of roots and shoots and in the stems of
woody plants.
Figure 2, pg 129
Mitosis in plant cells occurs in the meristem region.
Tissue Systems in Plants
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There are three main types of plant tissue systems: dermal tissue system, vascular
tissue system, and ground tissue system.
Figure 3, pg 130
Dermal Tissue System
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dermal tissue system: the tissues covering the outer surface of the plant
Dermal tissue includes both epidermal tissue or epidermis (thin layer of cells
covering surface of leaves, stems, and roots) and periderm tissue (forms bark on
stems and large roots).
Vascular Tissue System
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vascular tissue system: the tissues responsible for conducting materials within
a plant
The plant’s vascular tissue system transports water, minerals, and other chemicals
around the plant.
There are two types of vascular tissue: xylem and phloem.
Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots.
Phloem transports sugars produced by photosynthesis from the leaves to the stems
and roots.
Phloem also transports other dissolved nutrients and hormones throughout the
plant.
Figure 6 and 7, pg 132
Ground Tissue System
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ground tissue system: all plant tissues other than those that make up the
dermal and vascular tissue systems
Ground tissues perform a variety of functions: in the green parts of the plant, they
manufacture nutrients by the process of photosynthesis; in the roots, they store
carbohydrates; and in the stems, they provide storage and support.
HOMEWORK:
pg 133 #1 - 6