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4.8 – ELECTROMAGNETISM Y11 Physics Scheme of Work (2005) Lesson 1+ Learning Outcomes State that like magnetic poles repel & unlike poles attract. Recall that iron & steel can be attracted by magnets. State that a force is exerted on current carrying wires in magnetic fields. Content 2–3 Recall that a force is exerted on current carrying wires in magnetic fields, and the application of this effect in simple electric motors. Appreciate that electric motors are found in a variety of everyday applications. Starter - Revise basic properties of magnets (attraction of unlike poles, Fields, etc) from Y8. Use handout sheet to produce a set of revision notes & save time. Ask students to evaluate each other’s work (peer assessment). Discuss how magnets produce movement & ask students for different examples (objects containing motors, loudspeakers, etc). DEMO: Force on a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field (e.g., Al foil). Show that a larger current will produce bigger force and reversing current will reverse direction of movement. Use the Building Blocks software to illustrate Motor Effect. Students make notes/diagram (Fleming’s LHR). Plenary - Examples of motor effect using LHR (diagrams on board). Starter – Short quiz on LHR & simple board problems, to recap work form last lesson. Ensure that everyone understands key ideas. VIDEO: Electricity & Magnetism (Use the Science Bank Revision clips to show Motor effect & check students understand how it turns). Discuss electric motors (look at diagram in book). Explain briefly function of main parts and link to the motor effect & LHR. Use Building Blocks to demonstrate how a motor works. Students make notes & label a diagram of a simple dc motor. EXPT: Students build & test a simple dc electric motor. If you are short of time then just demonstrate a prepared one. Explain again the function of each part. Plenary – Students (in pairs) explain to each other how a motor works. Give an exact answer and ask them to mark their responses for accuracy and use of technical language & key terms. References Co.Ord Phys 3: p 156-163 Physics for GCSE: p 107-110 p 178 p 180-183 Could use KS4 No Messing Powerpoints Co.Ord Phys 3: p 163 p 164-165 p 166-167 Physics for GCSE: p 111-114 Could use KS4 No Messing Powerpoints Homework ideas Co.Ord Phys 3: p 156 Q1 - Q4 p 159 Q1 + Q2 p 163 Q1 + Q2 This could be done as an ICT experiment using the Focus on Fields software. Risks Should be C3 You could use Boardworks KS4 Uses of Electromagnetism slides 8 - 10 Questions sheet. Co.Ord Phys 3: p 163 Q3 p165 Q1 – Q3 p 167 (blue box exercise) List devices that use motors for different types of movement. June 2004 terminal exam Q2e Should be C3 Students should keep any voltages below 6V to avoid overheating wires. Lesson 4 Learning Outcomes Recall that domestic electricity is generated by burning fuel in a power station. State that a voltage is induced when a conductor cuts magnetic field lines or when the magnetic field changes. Describe how simple AC generators work. Content 5–6 Explain how transformers work and recall & use Ns/Np= Vs/Vp . Know that a voltage is induced when the magnetic field through a coil changes. Starter - Discuss generators & revise basic principle of thermal power stations by asking students to sketch a simple flow chart (Heat water-Steam-Turbinesgenerators-Electricity). Ask students how the generator works to turn KE into Electricity. EXPT/DEMO: Students use a magnet, coil of wire & galvanometer to induce a current. (Voltage is induced when conductor cuts magnetic field lines of magnetic field changes = Electromagnetic Induction). Students make notes on the key facts about EM induction (fact page). June 2002 terminal exam Q2 Ask what factors would affect the size/direction of the induced voltage. Revise AC, DC and Mains electricity (DEMO with oscilloscope). Use example of students running a marathon (1 line of 26 miles = DC or backwards & forwards in the lab = AC. Same energy changed/work done in either case). Distinguish between AC + DC generators. Plenary – Use past paper questions & sample responses to discuss ‘perfect answers’ to questions on induction. Starter – Ask students about common devices that use different voltages at home (make a list). Discuss basic idea of Transformers (required to change voltages along the National Grid) using some common examples such as mobile phone rechargers. DEMO: Show pupils how to build and use a simple transformer using 2 c-cores. Outline procedure for experiment and safety. EXPT: Students investigate the effect of turns ratio (Ns/Np) for the output voltage of a transformer (change secondary coil). Write up experiment – Use ICT (laptops) to tabulate results and plot graph of Ns and Vs. Discuss class results. Mention Step Up/Step Down transformer. Define transformer formula (or some other variation of this): Ns/Np= Vs/Vp Try some sample questions on the whiteboard (you could use Boardworks for this). Plenary – Summary & quick quiz questions on transformers. References Co.Ord Phys 3: p 168-171 p 174-177 Physics for GCSE: p 117-118 Homework ideas Co.Ord Phys 3: p 169 Q1 + Q2 p 171 Q1 – Q3 p 177 (Blue box exercise) p 178 Q4, Q6, Q7 Risks Should be C3. You could use Boardworks KS4 Uses of Electromagnetism slides 11 - 18 Could use KS4 No Messing Powerpoints (Electricity) Students describe places where secondary generators are essential (e.g., hospitals). Building Blocks can be used to illustate the process of induction using animations. Extension/G+T: Research other types of power station used in different countries and environmental laws or concerns Co.Ord Phys 3: p 172 - 173 Worksheets available Should be C3. Co.Ord Phys 3: p 173 Q1 + Q2 p 178 Q2 Make sure that Vin~2V and that Ns is between 56 and 40, if Np is about 20 turns. Physics for GCSE: p 119-120 Could use KS4 No Messing Powerpoints (Electricity) You can do this as an ICT experiment or demo, using Class Experiments software (good as a quick starter or plenary activity) Lesson 7 Learning Outcomes Explain how transformers work and recall & use Ns/Np= Vs/Vp . Know that a voltage is induced when the magnetic field through a coil changes. Content 8 Recall that for a given power transmission, high V reduces current & energy losses. Describe how electricity is generated & transmitted using the National Grid. 9 TEST Starter – Revise last lesson with a True or False quiz. Define transformer formula (or some other variation of this): Ns/Np= Vs/Vp Discuss theory of how transformers work (AC in primary – creates a changing magnetic field in primary and iron core – this induces a voltage in secondary coil, which is also AC). DEMO: Building Blocks animation of transformers & how they work. Students make their own notes (possibly a sequencing exercise). Calculations/questions on transformers. Plenary – Give pairs of students 1 minute to explain what they know about Transformers to each other. Discuss need for transmitting electricity at high V and low I (reduces energy losses due to heating effects). Discuss energy losses & National Grid. You could highlight some of the energy loss mechanisms that occur. DEMO: Building Blocks animation of transformers as part of the National Grid. Mention that most power stations are < 40% efficient and waste energy as heat, causing environmental concerns. We need to use our supplies of fossil fuels wisely as they are non-renewable. Exercise – Students produce a ‘fact page’ about the National Grid & how/why transformers are used. Plenary – Generating Electricity game (ICT activity – see GHU or look in shared area) & summary of the topic. END OF UNIT TEST – Electromagnetism Review answers & summarise topic References Co.Ord Phys 3: p 172 – 173 Physics for GCSE: p 121-122 Homework ideas Risks Worksheets available None Co.Ord Phys 3: p 173 Q1 + Q2 You could use Boardworks KS4 Uses of Electromagnetism slides 19 - 26 Co.Ord Phys 3: P 63 Q3 P 65 Q2 P 67 Q1 – Q4 p 175 Q2 p 178 Q5 None. Could use KS4 No Messing Powerpoints (Electricity) Co.Ord Phys 3: p 174 – 175 p 62 - 67 Physics for GCSE: p 117-118 Could use KS4 No Messing Powerpoints (Electricity) Extension/G+T: Describe how demand for electricity will vary throughout the day and between Summer/Winter. The discussion of power stations, efficiency and global warming addresses issues of Citizenship, and could stimulate further discussion or work. Review notes & revise for test None None None