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A.P. US
Mods 6/7
Artem Kholodenko
0109
Notes for pgs. 249 – 256
The Louisiana Purchase
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Treaty of San Ildefonso
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Napoleon’s Plan
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Jefferson’s Support and
Fears
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The Louisiana Purchase
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Jefferson’s Doubts of
Constitutionality
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The Lewis and Clark
Expedition
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Keeping out of European affairs wouldn’t be possible as
long as there was European land in N. America
In 1800 Spain who was weak had east and west Florida
and Louisiana Territories, which was as big as the US
land
In this treaty on Oct. 1, 1800, Spain gave the Louisiana
Ter. To France, which was emerging under Napoleon as
the best military power, which was significant to
Jefferson and Madison
Jefferson wanted an empire that went all around the N.
America, and may be even S. America, and if the French
and British would reach a treaty, the US would be stuck
between Brits in Canada and French in Louisiana
Napoleon actually wanted a Middle East empire, and now
his plan lay for the Caribbean, especially the island of
Santo Domingo; Napoleon wanted to use Louisiana as a
bread basket for the islands, and send his men to
reestablish slavery on the islands, but yellow fever and
resistance of former slaves destroyed the army
Jefferson approved of the reconquest of the island by
Napoleon cause he was a slaveholder too and continued
to fear French presence in Louisiana
His fears rose when in 1802, N. Orleans issued an order
prohibiting deposit of US produce in the port for foreign
customers, while the US farmers west of the
Appalachians depended on that trade
French failure to get the island, and US to use N. Orleans
forced 2 decisions causing the US purchase of Louisiana
Monroe and Livingston were sent to negotiate with
France to buy N. Orleans and possibly Florida, while
Napoleon realized that it wasn’t worth the $ to go for the
islands and would rather put finance into the European
fight, for which he needed money
So he decided to sell Louisiana for $15 mil., with ¼ of
that paying for the French debts toward the US, and US
got uncharted land to the west whose size no one really
knew, yet the US doubled its land with a 13 ½ cent an
acre price
Jefferson had doubts about this being constitutional, and
wanted to draft an amendment to legalize this, wanting
to control development of the land to save the Indians;
yet he worried that it would take too long to ratify and
Napoleon would change his mind and the amendment
was dropped for a substitution with the treaty to the
Senate which was quickly ratified
Jefferson was strict to the rules yet wanted an “empire of
liberty” and with more land, the backbone of the
republic: farmers, would be able to prosper
Most feds. opposed the buy on grounds of the
importance of the eastern ports, but Jefferson didn’t
agree with that
No one knew anything about the Louisiana land, and
Jefferson wanted to send an exploration team of Lt.
Mission Starts
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Toussaint Charbonneau
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The Election of 1804
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The Gathering Storm
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Jefferson’s Coalition
Fragments
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The Death of Hamilton
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Burr’s Plan for Control
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Meriwether Lewis, who was sent to Philly to study
astronomy, botany, and zoology and was instructed to
study the Mississippi R.
Jefferson wanted to get scientific advantages from the
mission, along with information about Indians, and the
environment
From St. Louis in May 1804, Lewis, and 2nd in command
William Clark, and about 50 others and followed the
Missouri R. and in Dakota they hired a French-Canadian
fur trader, Toussaint Charbonneau who was a guide and
an interpreter
The birth of the guide’s child reassured the people in the
places they visited about their peaceful intent
Sacajawea, the guide’s wife, taught Lewis and Clark how
to forage wild artichokes and other plants, which was
often their only food
In Nov. 1805, the group reached the Pacific Ocean and
returned to St. Louis with a lot of scientific information,
which stimulated a want for western exploration
During this time Jefferson’s fear was VP Aaron Burr
The adoption of the 12th amendment in 1804, which
made separate votes for pres. and VP, but Burr was not
still there
Between 1801 and 1804, Burr fought with feds. enough
to convince reps. that he would be unsafe to renominate
for VP and he was dumped for George Clinton
Pinckney and King were nominated from the feds. due to
lack of hope for success, and Jefferson won with a 162 to
14 electoral vote
The Napoleonic was in Europe put the US into a game of
chess
The election of 1804 eliminated the feds. as a political
power, and the reps. faced factionalism in their own
party due to Burr who entered into a series of intrigues
with the extreme “High” feds. in N.E. who wanted to
sever the Union by forming a pro-British “Northern
Confederacy” made of Nova Scotia, N.E. and NY & PA
Most feds. were against this, the leader Tim Pickering
wanted Burr as their leader
Hamilton tried to get in Burr’s way again by publishing
his “despicable opinion” of Burr, and Burr challenged him
to a duel, mortally wounding Hamilton at Weehawken, NJ
on July 11, 1804
Burr was indicted in 2 states for the murder, still VP and
now hatched a new plan, allying with the unsavory gen.
James Wilkinson, military Gov. of Louisiana, who’s been
paid by Spain as a secret agent since 1780s
The 2 wanted to separate the west states into an
independent confederacy and the idea of the conquest of
Mexico and West Florida was brought up and presented
their ideas to the westerner, Brits, Mexico, W. Florida
Jefferson only took action after a year, and by 1806 Burr
and 50 followers were going down the Ohio and
Wilkinson’s Betrayal
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Burr Panics and Gets
Caught
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Burr Not Guilty
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Jefferson and the Quids
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Effect of the Yazoo
Scandal
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Florida Purchase
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The Suppression of
American Trade
US Prospers from
European Wars
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Mississippi R. to join Wilkinson at Natchez; he wasn’t
there to greet them though
Wilkinson realized that the Brits weren’t interested and
Jefferson was looking for them, he wrote to Jefferson
about the conspiracy and hid in N. Orleans, proclaiming
himself the most loyal follower of the president
In Oct. 1806, Jefferson denounced the conspiracy and
Burr panicked
He tried to escape to W. Florida, but was caught, brought
to Richmond and put on trial for treason
Justice Marshall told that Burr had to be proven of not
only treason intentions, but also acts
Jefferson was furious, but Marshall was just following the
constitution, thus giving Burr the “not guilty” verdict
Burr fled to Europe where he tried to make Napoleon
make peace with Britain and have an Anglo-French
invasion of the US and Mexico
He returned to the US in 1812 and had 2 illegal children
in his 70s and divorced for adultery at 80, dieing in 1836
Another challenge Jefferson faced was a group of reps.
known as the Quids who were led by John Randolph, a
man of abounding wit, who’s mind was set in the 1770s
period of beliefs and ideals: “country” of farmers against
corruption rule
Jefferson started with the same beliefs but realized their
limit, with these ideals being of those who were out of
power and not in governance
Jefferson learned to compromise with his gain of power,
while Randolph remained frozen in an earlier time period
and denounced the change of purity of 1776
After a 1801-1805 term in the House of Representatives,
he turned on Jefferson during the Yazoo land scandal
during which in 1795 Georgia sold the huge Yazoo tract
for a fraction of its value to 4 land companies that bribes
the entire legislature
In 1803 5 mil. acres were awarded to the Yazoo buyers
as compromise to those whose purchase was cancelled
Then they collided on the purchase of Florida from Spain
Randolph was more mad the Jefferson’s act of deception
in requesting $ for great expenses without informing the
Congress than in the idea of getting the land
Jefferson privately informed the Congress, including
Randolph of the plans for the purchase of Florida, but to
Randolph it seemed like another betrayal of virtue
The Burr and other events posed a challenge to
Jefferson’s foreign affairs
In 1803 the Peace of Amiens collapsed and Brit. and
France resumed war, while the neutral US prospered at
Britain’s expense
US ships carried sugar and coffee from the French and
Spanish colonies in the Caribbean to Europe and provided
Napoleon with supplies, driving the sugar and coffee
prices down form the Brit. West Indies
Re-exportation
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The Essex Case
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Orders in Council
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The Berlin Decree
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2nd Order in Council
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Milan Decree
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The British concluded that the US prosperity was the
cause of the British economic difficulties
Re-export trade began, coming from the Rule of 1756,
where laws of trade made in peace couldn’t be changed
in time of war; so US ships brought foods to their US
ports and re-exported them to Europe
In 1805 Britain made this illegal while trying to defeat
Napoleon
In May 1806 Orders in Councils were established to
blockade parts of Europe to trade
In theory it softened the Essex, by letting US trade with
some parts, including France, while they had cargoes to
Brit.
Napoleon responded in Nov. 1806 with the Berlin Decree
which proclaimed a blockade of the British Isles and any
ships attempting to enter or leave British ports could be
seized by the French
The British answered with another Order in Council which
required all neutral ships trading in the blockaded zones
of Europe to stop at British ports to secure licenses
Napoleon replied with the Milan Decree which said that
any vessel that listen to Brit. regulations or allowed to be
searched by the royal navy was to be seized by France
These events basically outlawed US trade because if a US
ships did one thing for one country, it was subject as a
target for another
Much of the French fleet was destroyed in the Battle of
Trafalgar in 1805
Royal navy ships hovered just off the coasts of NY and
other areas