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Comparing River Valley Civilizations and Classical Empires ANSWER KEY River Valley Civilizations Mesopotamia Impact of Geography Government & Authority Religion Technology & Innovations Egypt India China Tigris and Euphrates flooded unpredictably No natural barriers; Open to invasion Independent city-states governed by kings Hammurabi’s Code was first written laws Most people were polytheistic Hebrews created first monotheistic faith Nile flooding predictable Natural barriers: deserts Polytheistic Each god controlled a different aspect of nature Polytheistic Hinduism & Buddhism emphasized goal of enlightenment Cuneiform; Simplified to 22 characters by Phoenicians Bronze metalworking Wheel, sail, plow 16 18 Pharaohs rule kingdom as gods Pharaohs built pyramids 5 8 12 21 27 Hieroglyphics Pyramids Mathematics, geometry 365-day calendar 19 Natural barriers: mountains, deserts Monsoon winds 9 Kings ruled cities Caste system provided order to society 4 3 Writing (not fully deciphered) Cities built on grid systems Standardized bricks Plumbing 11 Yellow River flooded unpredictably Natural barriers: mountains, deserts Geographically isolated Dynastic cycle Mandate of Heaven Confucian ethics dominate government Polytheistic Ancestor worship 10 23 28 Writing Silk, paper Coined money Grand Canal, Great Wall 17 Empires Persia Extent of the Empire Government & Authority Mauryan & Gupta Conquered Egypt, India, Mesopotamia Kings divided empire into provinces ruled by satraps Ruled with tolerance Conquered lands west along the Silk Road 22 24 1 7 Divided empire into provinces, led by a prince Buddhism inspired rule through tolerance Ashoka converted to Buddhism & helped spread the religion 14 Dynastic cycle Large bureaucracy of gov’t workers Examination system based on Confucianism Ancestor worship Introduction of Buddhism 2 26 Zoroastrianism (good vs. evil) Religion 25 Technology & Contributions to History Han Conquered most of the subcontinent Network of official roads, including the Royal Road Standardized coins 15 Modern numerals, the concept of zero, π Discovery that the earth is round 6 20 Silk, paper Silk Road connected Asia and Europe through trade 13 CP World History (Unit 1, #5) Name ________________________________ Date ____________________ Pd ________ Comparing River Valley Civilizations and Classical Empires Directions: Match the descriptions of in the item bank with the appropriate category in the chart. River Valley Civilizations Mesopotamia Egypt India China Mauryan & Gupta Han Impact of Geography Government & Authority Religion Technology & Innovations Empires Persia Extent of the Empire Government & Authority Religion Technology & Key Achievements Item Bank Card 1 Conquered lands west along the Silk Road Card 5 City-states ruled by kings Hammurabi’s Code was first set of written laws Card 9 Natural barriers: mountains, deserts Monsoon winds Card 13 Silk, paper Silk Road connected Asia and Europe through trade Card 17 Writing Silk, paper Coined money Grand Canal, Great Wall Card 21 Pharaohs rule kingdom as gods Pharaohs built pyramids Card 25 Zoroastrianism (good vs. evil) Card 2 Ashoka converted to Buddhism & helped spread the religion Card 3 Polytheistic Hinduism & Buddhism were based on enlightenment Card 6 Card 7 Modern numerals, the concept Kings divided empire into of zero, π provinces ruled by satraps Discovery that the earth is round Ruled with tolerance Card 10 Card 11 Yellow River unpredictable floods Writing (not fully deciphered) Natural barriers: mountains, Cities built on precise grid with deserts bricks Geographically isolated Plumbing Card 14 Card 15 Divided empire into provinces, Network of official roads, led by a prince including the Royal Road Buddhism inspired rule through Standardized coins tolerance Card 18 Card 19 Tigris and Euphrates flooded Hieroglyphics unpredictably Pyramids No natural barriers; Open to Mathematics, geometry invasion 365-day calendar Card 22 Card 23 Conquered Egypt, India, Dynastic cycle Mesopotamia Mandate of Heaven Confucian ethics dominate gov’t Card 26 Card 27 Ancestor worship Polytheistic Introduction of Buddhism Each god controlled a different aspect of nature Card 4 Kings ruled cities Caste system provided order to society Card 8 Most people were polytheistic Hebrews created first monotheistic faith Card 12 Cuneiform; Simplified to 22 characters by Phoenicians Bronze metalworking Wheel, sail, plow Card 16 Nile flooding predictable Natural barriers: deserts Card 20 Dynastic cycle Large bureaucracy of government workers Confucian examination system Card 24 Conquered most of the subcontinent Card 28 Polytheistic Ancestor worship