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AP U.S. History
Midterm Review
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TEST DATE: THURSDAY, JANUARY 17
Length of Exam:
2 hours
Material Covered:
Earliest Colonization (1492) to End of Reconstruction (1877)
Exam Format:
Multiple Choice Questions
80 Questions (55 minutes)
DBQ Thematic Essays
reading period (15 minutes)
writing period (45 minutes)
OR
2 Free Response Essays
Pick 1 of 2 choices (30 minutes)
Pick 1 of 2 choices (30 minutes)
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AP US Midterm Review
1.
Early exploration of the Americas during the fifteenth
century was originally dominated by which nation?
A. Spain
D. Italy
B. England
E. France
C. The Netherlands
2.
At the time of Spanish exploration in the Americas,
the most significant cause of destruction of the native
peoples in the New World was the
A. assimilation of European cultures that lead to a loss
of indigenous identity
B. lack of man power to adequately combat the massive
Spanish armies
C. introduction of contagious diseases like measles and
small pox
D. fluctuating weather conditions which led to famines
and crop shortages
E. changing pattern in childbirth
3.
4.
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Colonialism - Reconstruction
All of the following are effects of the Spanish empire’s
arrival in the Americas EXCEPT
A. the introduction of Christianity to the native cultures
B. the devastation of indigenous population caused by
diseases brought over from Europe
C. European importation of the white potato, tobacco,
numerous vegetables, vanilla, and chocolate
D. the sharing of European technology which would
help the natives to prosper
E. formation of a rigid social hierarchy that enslaved
natives and those people of mixed blood
One way that the earliest French settlements in North
America differed from the colonies that England had
founded was that
A. early French colonies were only temporary,
established by cod fishermen around Newfoundland
B. the French settlers in North America created
plantations and farms
C. the first French settlers were primarily interested in
trading with Indians
D. the French often had skirmishes with the Native
Americans over land ownership
E. many of the French colonies were created as religious
havens
Following the initial failures during the early 1600s,
prosperity finally came to the English settlers at the
Jamestown colony as a result of
A. the introduction of tobacco farming
B. the establishment of the House of Burgesses to
govern the Virginia colony
C. assistance received from the Native Americans living
in the region
D. movement of the colony to a different area in the
Virginia region
E. the creation of the indentured system
7.
In the 1600s, which religious group came to America
in pursuit of creating a colony where they could freely
practice their form of religion?
A. Quakers
D. Anglicans
B. Separatists
E. Huguenots
C. Shakers
8.
The purpose of the Mayflower Compact was
A. the creation a of central religion
B. the establishment of a self-government that would
abide by the will of the majority
C. to determine what the form of the economy would be
for the new colony
D. to settle any issues of land ownership
E. to elect the first leader of the new colony
9.
Which two colonies became known for practicing
religious toleration?
A. Maryland and Rhode Island
B. New York and New Jersey
C. Virginia and Maryland
D. Massachusetts and Connecticut
E. Connecticut and Pennsylvania
10. Until it came under English control, the New
Netherlands colony practiced the patroon system
which was a
A. mixed social structure consisting of peoples from all
over Europe
B. method of farming that employed indentured servants
C. form of government that gave all people living in the
colony equal rights
D. a system of granting large landed estates to those
wealthy men who brought at least 50 families to the
colony
E. a form of religion intruded by Dutch settlers
Following the discovery and exploration of North
America, England’s initial attempts to colonize were
motivated by which of the following?
I. The promise of money to be made from trade
II. The need to accommodate a growing population
III. The desire to spread Christianity around the
world
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
6.
11. Around 1650 this economic philosophy boasted of a
limit to the world’s wealth and inspired England’s
policy of trade regulation in the colonies
A. Capitalism
D. Socialism
B. Mercantilism
E. Feudalism
C. Colonialism
I only
II only
II and III only
I and II only
I, II and III
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12. Although the colony of Georgia eventually became
another haven for persecuted Protestants, it was of
great importance to the British Empire because
A. the arable farmland and warm climate made it an
ideal area for agriculture
B. the settlers who James Oglethorpe recruited from
English debtor prisons were eager to start a new life
C. it served as a buffer between the prosperous colony
of South Carolina and Spanish Florida
D. it was rich in raw materials and natural resources
E. of the elaborate laws devised to govern the colony
17. As news of the improved way of life in America spread
throughout Europe, which ethnic group formed a
significant settlement in the colony of Pennsylvania in
the early 1700s?
A. Dutch
D. Russians
B. Scots-Irish
E. French
C. Germans
18. During the eighteenth century, the Scots-Irish settlers
in the colonies played an important role in colonial
expansion because
A. their rugged lifestyle and dislike for city life led
many of them to settle on the frontier
B. they became merchants often exploring the Western
regions in pursuit of resources and other raw
materials
C. their conflicts with British settlers led many of them
to settle further out west
D. they managed to maintain friendly relations with the
Indians inhabiting some of the more distant regions
E. they were seeking religious refuge in areas that were
still not colonized
13. As the seventeenth century came to a close, the
Puritans of New England established the Half-Way
Covenant as a way of
A. making the religious practices of the period even
more rigid
B. establishing additional churches in the New England
colonies
C. improving relations with the Native Americans
present in the region
D. maintaining church membership and influence in a
increasingly secular America
E. claiming authority from the British Empire
19. As the eighteenth century passed, later generations of
Germans came to America primarily for which
reason?
A. Religious freedom
B. Greater opportunities to accumulate wealth
C. Refuge from warfare and political instability in
Germany
D. The pursuit of political authority
E. The right to cultivate their own farmland
14. The main difference between an indentured servant
and a slave was
A. indentured servants were rarely treated as poorly as
slaves
B. indentured servants had to work for a certain period
of time as payment for transportation to America
C. indentured servant received payment for their labor
D. indentured servants were recruited by the local
military
E. the voyage to America for the indentured servant was
safer and more accommodating
20. During the eighteenth century, rigid class structure of
rich planters, farmers, indentured servants and slaves
emerged in which of the following regions?
A. Massachusetts, Connecticut and Rhode Island
B. New York and New Jersey
C. Delaware and New Jersey
D. Virginia and Pennsylvania
E. North Carolina and Georgia
15. One difference between the Fundamental Orders of
Connecticut and the governing system instituted by
the Massachusetts Bay Colony was
A. the government of the Massachusetts Bay Colony
gave colonists the right to elect the governor and
representatives of the legislative houses
B. the fundamental Orders of Connecticut limited voting
rights to just men who owned property
C. the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut gave the right
to vote to all citizens and was not limited to just
church members
D. the Massachusetts Bay Colony gave full authority to
the British Crown
E. the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut required
church membership to become a colonial leaders
21. One of the general differences between wealthy
leaders of the South and those of the North was that
A. the Southern aristocrats had gained their wealth
through land speculation and trade
B. education was generally emphasized more among the
wealthy living in the North
C. the plantations which the Southern aristocrats lived
on were decorated with many expensive objects from
England
D. leaders in the South were more active in colonial
politics
E. Southern leaders had inherited their wealth
16. The trial of John Peter Zenger became a significant
step in the development of which right?
A. Freedom of religion
D. Free Press
B. Citizenship
E. Freedom to assemble
C. Protection from search and seizure
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22. The Northern colonies’ focus on small-farm
agriculture and the manufacturing of goods as
opposed to the large Southern plantation system led to
A. less accumulated wealth
B. changes in population patterns
C. less social stratification
D. the formation of more towns and villages
E. increased land expansion
28. The writings of the English philosopher, John Locke,
which argued for the existence of natural laws, gained
immense popularity in the American colonies as
evidenced by
A. Revivalist sermons
B. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense
C. The Declaration of Independence
D. The Federalist Party
E. The Articles of Confederation
23. From the late 1730s to the 1760s, the great wave of
religious enthusiasm that swept over large parts of the
America colonies led to which effect?
A. Church leaders became increasingly more concerned
with economic matters
B. The preachers gained power and authority as a result
of their wealth adherents
C. Public schools in many areas throughout the colonies
were established where the new religious
philosophies were taught
D. Schisms between Congregationalists and other
denominations developed which reinforced the
divisions in American society
E. The American colonies became know worldwide as a
place of scholarship and culture
29. The Great Awakening in the American Colonies led to
all of the following EXCEPT
A. the founding of several new colleges including
Princeton, Brown, Rutgers, and Dartmouth
B. divisions between different church denominations
like the old guard and new guard Puritans
C. a new spirit of toleration and secularism in colonial
politics
D. rebellions in response to all of the changes that were
going on in the religious landscape
E. the loosening of ties between church and state
30. One of the causes of the Seven Years War between
France and England was
A. France’s expansion into the Ohio River Valley in the
early 1750’s
B. unpaid debts that France owed to England
C. conflicts between the royal families of both countries
D. increasing French authority and merchant power in
British colonial cities like New York, Boston and
Philadelphia
E. English invasion into French-Canadian colonies
24. The Great Awakening of the early to mid-eighteenth
century appealed mostly to which group of people?
A. Southern plantation owners
B. Immigrants living in Northern cities like Boston and
New York
C. Native Americans
D. British Americans
E. Slaves, the poor, and people of newly settled regions
31. During the war effort, Benjamin Franklin proposed
the Albany Plan to colonial leaders which, despite not
being approved of by the colonial leaders, served as an
important precedent for which concept?
A. Creation of a national flag
B. Adoption of a flag which represented the unified
colonies
C. Adoption of a inter-colonial government, thereby
uniting the colonies
D. Practice of recruiting people from other countries to
serve d as soldiers in the English army
E. Establishment of a capital city in New York
25. The core of revivalism was belief in which of the
following?
A. Predestination
B. Sinfulness and the helplessness of human kind
C. The impossibility of redemption
D. A questioning of the Bible
E. The acceptance of all religions
26. The colonist who was probably most influenced by the
teaching so of the Enlightenment was
A. Alexander Hamilton
D. George Whitefield
B. Samuel Adams
E. Paul Revere
C. Benjamin Franklin
32. Despite receiving assistance from Spain toward the
end of the war, France ended up losing the French and
Indian War following
A. a freezing cold winter, causing drastic losses in the
army
B. unexpected Indian rebellions
C. lack of funding to provide the necessary resources to
continue to fight
D. the defeat of the French army at Quebec and
Montreal, the last French footholds in Canada
E. England’s use of superior weapons
27. Whose imprecatory sermon, Sinners in the Hands of
an Angry God, became extremely famous during the
Great Awakening for encouraging evangelical
Christianity against a rise tide of liberalism in
theology and rationalism in philosophy?
A. Theodore Frelinghuysen D. Gilbert Tennent
B. John Wesley
E. Jonathan Edwards
C. George Whitefield
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33. What effect did the Peace of Paris in 1763 have on the
French colonial endeavors in America?
A. France managed to keep a couple of colonies in
America
B. French colonial endeavors were significantly reduced
because it had to give up all of its Canadian holding
to Britain
C. As a result of losing Canada, France became very
active establishing colonies in the South
D. France focused more on its colonies in the Western
United States
E. France shared colonial rights with Spain over other
regions in the Americas
37. Of all the acts instituted by England to generate funds
from the colonies, the Stamp Act became the most
noteworthy because
A. it was a direct tax on the colonies which forced
colonists to be taxed on a variety of goods ranging
from newspapers to legal documents
B. some American colonist actually approved of the act
C. it went against the principle that only the colonies
had a right to vote about instituting such taxation
D. the tax could be paid voluntarily
E. opposition to the Stamp Act varied across the
colonies with particularly strong feelings in New
York
34. How did the Peace of Paris impact Spain’s colonial
holdings in North America?
A. Spain was forced to give England its colony of
Florida, however, it did receive Louisiana from
France
B. Spain gained the rights to the land west of the Ohio
River Valley
C. The region of Florida was divided in half between
Spain and England
D. Spain’s colonial holdings remained unchanged
according to the Peace of Paris despite allying with
France during the war
E. Spain gained ownership of land previously held by
France in Canada
38. The Tea Act of 1773 was primarily an attempt by
England to
A. lower the price of tea by decreasing demand for it in
the American colonies
B. bail out the bankrupt British East India Company, by
granting them a monopoly on tea in America
C. reconcile any disputes with the colonies by offering
cheap tea even with a tea tax
D. encourage moderation of tea use in the colonies
E. create a shift in wealth from Britain’s North
American colonies to its colonies in Asia
39. Which is true about the Letters from a Farmer in
Pennsylvania?
A. It was written by a Pennsylvania farmer
B. It argued for the practice of smuggling as a way of
protesting the British law
C. It warned Americans that the Townshend Duties were
every bit as much a revenue measure as the Stamp
Act
D. It proposed the idea of writing a letter to the English
King, identifying the numerous grievances the
colonies had
E. It advocated for a complete boycott of all British
goods
35. On a demographic level, what was unique about the
land gains that England made in the treaty of Paris in
1763?
A. The populations of these regions were predominantly
white Protestants
B. The majority of the Native Americans were forced to
leave these regions
C. Many of the newly acquired lands were populated by
French-speaking Catholics from Quebec and large
number of Native Americans who had begun to
convert to Christianity
D. Due to various climatic changes, the newly acquired
regions were relatively unpopulated
E. Many settlers in the original thirteen colonies were
eager to explore the new regions
40. Which group of people below became known for being
colonial agitators, arousing public opinion, and
propagandizing any new law that Parliament had
approved of?
A. George Washington, Thomas Payne, and Alexander
Hamilton
B. James Otis, John Hancock, and Benjamin Franklin
C. John Jay, John Dickinson, and Thomas Paine
D. James Otis, Patrick Henry, and Samuel Adams
E. Patrick Henry, Paul Revere and Charles Townshend
36. Parliament passed the Proclamation of 1763 in hopes
of accomplishing what?
A. Requiring American colonists to provide housing to
British troops still stationed in the colonies
B. Raised revenue by placing a direct tax on goods
imported into the Americas
C. Establishing general search warrants issued to help
officers stop evasion of England’s trade restriction
D. Forcing Native Americas to inhabit the British held
lands west of the Mississippi River
E. Forbidding colonial intervention west of the
Appalachians in order to maintain peaceful relations
with the Indians in that region
41. The Intolerable Acts of 1774 were fundamental in the
development of the
A. Declaration of Independence D. Boston Massacre
B. First Continental Congress
E. Boston Tea Party
C. Articles of Confederation
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42. When war began in April of 1775, what was Britain’s
initial military strategy?
A. To completely destroy all of the cities where British
resistance had become prevalent
B. It isolate and punish the rebels at Boston through a
show of enormous force without having to enter
conflicts in the other colonies
C. Avoid land combat, and defeat the inexperienced
American militia with the mighty British navy
D. Because of their superior weapons, the British
wanted to use only the necessary minimum to defeat
the colonial army
E. Gain as many allies as possible from Loyalists and
slaves by offering freedom for military service
46. The final battle of the American Revolution took place
at
A. Saratoga
D. Yorktown
B. Trenton
E. Brandywine Creek
C. Long Island
47. Which of the following is true about the Revolutionary
spirit within the American colonies during the War for
Independence?
I. As the war dragged on, Americans were reluctant
to enlist in the army
II. The financial drain of the Revolution frustrated
many colonists
III. The ill-trained, poorly supplied militia companies
were greatly determined to claim victory
43. What was an advantage the America militia had over
the British army?
A. Since their weapons were made out of cheaper metal,
it was lighter to carry into battle
B. They were fighting on their own home-soil, so they
were more familiar with the terrain
C. The Americans predominantly occupied the major
port cities while the British were stationed in the
countryside
D. The Americans received aid from countries like
Prussia and Spain during the war
E. The American militia men were more experienced
A. I only
B. II only
C. II and III only
D. I and II only
E. I, II, and III
48. The Continental Congress was able to finance the
American Revolution by
A. obtaining loans and grants from foreign nations like
France, Spain, and the Netherlands
B. imposing exorbitant taxes on the American colonists
C. trading goods with nations around the world in an
attempt to spark its economy
D. constructing factories that manufacture weapons and
other resources
E. printing paper money
44. The reasons why the American colonies won the
Revolutionary war include all of the following
ESCEPT
A. the British army was worn out by the small guerilla
army techniques of the colonial militia
B. the British financial drain of having to re-supply its
troops from thousands of miles away
C. support for the war at home often was divided among
British citizens
D. the large amount of resources the American colonies
received from France
E. the British defeat at the Battle of Long Island turned
the tide in favor of the Americans
49. How were Marquis de Lafayette, Thaddeus Koscuisko
and Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben connected to the
American Revolution?
A. They were eighteenth century philosophers whose
writings on the independence of nations motivated
the Continental army
B. All three of these men were foreign military officers
who helped provide military expertise to the poorly
trained Continental army
C. They were intelligent officers who provided the
American generals with important insight on British
military strategy
D. Along with Paul Revere, these three men warned
Massachusetts villages about the coming of the
British army
E. They were scientists who invented new weapons that
gave American colonists the upper hand in battle
45. The Battle of Saratoga in October of 1777 significantly
impacted the outcome of the war because
A. the British army lost nearly half its numbers in the
defeat
B. the British defeat motivated France to recognize
American independence and provide necessary aid
C. the unexpected assassination of several important
American generals added to the American fury
D. it provided the American army with an opportunity to
witness the supreme military prowess of the British
navy
E. the British General Howe was unable to finally
eliminate General Washington
50. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense was instrumental in
the development of what?
A. Treaty of Paris
D. Articles of Confederation
B. Constitution
E. Bill of Rights
C. Declaration of Independence
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51. Benjamin Franklin served in all of the following roles
EXCEPT
A. Newspaper publisher
D. Politician
B. Scientist
E. Minister
C. Diplomat
56. Which of the following groups of people would most
likely have approved of the Articles of Confederation?
A. Citizens who desired strong centralized governments
B. People who were fervent supporters of states’ rights
C. Southern aristocrats and plantation owners
D. Northern merchants, factory owners, and bankers
E. Representatives of the Continental Congress
52. What did the Treaty of Paris stipulate about the
Loyalists?
A. The states were urged to compensate the Loyalists for
seized property
B. All of the loyalists were forced to support the newlyindependent colonies or else they would be sent back
to England
C. Any loyalist was prevented from ever holding a
government position in America
D. The burden of financing the war was placed on the
affluent loyalists
E. The Loyalist should be treated like any other colonist
living in America
57. Which best explains the dissatisfaction of the
merchant class with the Articles of Confederation?
A. Congress’ power to tax was unlimited
B. Individual states lacked the power to regulate
commerce
C. The president’s treaty-making power was unchecked
D. There was no provision for a uniform currency
E. Congress did not have the right to borrow money
from other nations
58. The man most influential in the development of the
Articles of Confederation was
A. John Adams
D. Alexander Hamilton
B. Patrick Henry
E. John Dickinson
C. James Madison
53. Many of the terms established by the Treaty of Paris
in 1783 were frequently disregarded by both England
and Spain because the
A. American Colonies were too militarily depleted to
enforce the land rights that they had gained
B. lack of a centralized government to enforce the
Treaty left the colonies vulnerable to foreign
intervention
C. foreign nations were jealous that a loose,
unconsolidated group of colonies was given right to a
vast land area rich in natural resources
D. severe financial crisis that the colonies experienced
forced them to become subordinate once again to
foreign countries
E. American diplomats had made secret arrangements to
transfer land back to England and Spain
59. Why did the creators of the Articles of Confederation
make state sovereignty a fundamental theme of the
government?
A. They wanted to create a conglomerate of states in
which each could last on its own
B. They strived to prevent the abuses of power that had
existed under British rule
C. It was a concept embraced by many of the
Enlightenment’s philosophers whom the American
colonial leaders emulated
D. It was an attempt to re-strengthen the colonial
economies which had emerged prior to the American
Revolution
E. State sovereignty provided an opportunity to assist
the southern states in their efforts to gain a
manufacturing base
54. American colonists gained all of the following from the
Treaty of Paris EXCEPT
A. recognition of the American Colonies’ independence
B. all of the land east of the Mississippi river and north
of the Florida Peninsula
C. forts that were occupied by British troops had to be
evacuated
D. $15 million in wartime reparations from England
E. fishing rights off British Newfoundland and Nova
Scotia
60. What was Shays’ Rebellion?
A. A violent mob reaction by Western Massachusetts
farmers in response to strict foreclosure laws and
increased state taxes
B. An outburst by Irish immigrant to the horrible factory
conditions in the north
C. A slave rebellion on board one of the incoming slave
ship from Africa
D. A rebellion in North Carolina where the protesters
committed many violent acts in response to
legislative mistreatments
E. A protest against a tax imposed on whiskey by
congress
55. The Articles of Confederation was given permission to
do all of the following EXCEPT
A. control foreign policy
B. settled disputes between states
C. control interstate commerce
D. borrow money from other nations
E. admit new states to the Union
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61. One of the lasting impacts of the Shays’ Rebellion was
that
A. it identified the persistent mistreatment and inhumane
acts that Native Americans were being subjected to
by the colonists
B. it demonstrated the inherent flaws of the institution of
slavery
C. it provided evidence that a more centralized
government was necessary to prevent future
rebellions
D. it demonstrated the need for a stronger American
naval fleet
E. it put a limit on the number of immigrants that could
enter America over the following century
66. One of the differences between the Articles of
Confederation and the Constitution was that
A. the Constitution increased the power of state
governments
B. in response to the Federalists, the Constitution
banned slavery throughout America
C. the Constitution gave the national government the
power to collect taxes
D. the Constitution granted universal suffrage
E. the Constitution established a policy for the
admission of new states
67. On a demographic level, the adoption of the
Constitution did not significantly change from the
Articles of Confederation because
A. the Constitution appointed an Electoral College to
elect the President
B. women, slaves, Native Americans, and free blacks
were completely disenfranchised
C. only one representative from each colony was given
the right to vote
D. only white men of the wealthiest class had any
political power in the newly-established government
E. voting rights were based on inheritance
62. At the constitutional Convention in the summer of
1787, James Madison and Edmund Randolph devised
a plan of national government known as the “Virginia
Plan” which called for
A. the establishment of an executive branch and a
bicameral congress each with representatives elected
by population
B. the creation of three-branch form of government with
an executive, legislative and judicial branch each
with headquarters in Richmond, Virginia
C. a form of government with a unicameral legislature
with equal representation for the states
D. a bicameral system with one house based on
population and the other with an equal number of
representatives
E. a highly centralized government where the President
would have complete control over foreign policy and
the power to veto Congress’ legislation
68. The roots of the Bill of Rights lie in which document
from Anglo-American history?
A. The Mayflower Compact
D. Magna Carta
B. Declaration of Independence E. Treaty of Paris
C. Declaration of the Rights of Man
69. The Bill of Rights that was adopted by the
Constitutional Delegates was filled with the philosophy
of which philosopher who wrote extensively about the
natural rights of mankind against injustice?
A. John Locke
D. Aristotle
B. Thomas Hobbes
E. Plato
C. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
63. The agreement about the issue of slavery made by the
Constitution delegates was known as the
A. New Jersey Plan
D. Great Compromise
B. Virginia Plan
E. Bill of Rights
C. Three-Fifths Compromise
70. The main reason why the Federalists originally
rejected the idea of creating a Bill of Rights was that
A. they feared that the Anti-Federalists could use such a
document as a means of gaining power
B. they didn't see the necessity of it since the
Constitution already enumerated all of the rights of
the national government
C. it would require more time before a national
government could be implemented and thus continue
to leave the nation vulnerable
D. they didn't want to give in to the demands of the
Anti-Federalists
E. they felt that the Bill of Rights went against their
philosophy of a centralized national government
64. All of the following were strong advocates of the
Federalist Party EXCEPT
A. John Adams
D. John Jay
B. Alexander Hamilton E. James Madison
C. George Mason
65. Initially-reluctant states like Virginia and
Massachusetts finally agreed to ratify the Constitution
with the promise of
A. the creation of a Supreme Court
B. establishment of the nation’s capital city in
Washington DC
C. adoption of a Bill of Rights
D. George Washington would be appointed President
E. Alexander Hamilton had to resign from the political
arena
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71. The Bill of Rights included all of the following
EXCEPT
A. the first twelve amendments made to the Constitution
B. a means of limiting the power of the federal
government to those specified in the Constitution
C. a way of securing the rights of individual citizens
D. a promise by Federalists to meet some of the desires
of the Anti-Federalists as long as they ratified the
Constitution
E. ideas mainly developed by George Mason and James
Madison
75. What was unusual about the national bank of the
United States proposed by Alexander Hamilton?
A. It was a privately owned institution where all
government funds would be deposited.
B. The Board of Directors of the Bank would include
one person from each of the states.
C. As Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton
would be given sole authority over the actions and
decisions of the bank.
D. The concept of a national bank was considered
unconstitutional by many Federalists because the
government did not have the power to make such
decisions.
E. At the time of its proposal, it was accepted almost
unanimously by both political parties.
72. The tenth amendment of the Bill of Rights was
significant in particular, because it
A. defined the rule of the construction of the
Constitution
B. guaranteed trial by jury
C. provided for laws concerning prosecution, including
the requirement of a grand-jury indictment and the
protection from testifying against oneself
D. guaranteed that any powers not specifically delegated
to the federal government or denied to the states in
the Constitution rest with the states or the people
E. gave the right to bear arms
76. Following his appointment as Secretary of the
Treasury, Alexander Hamilton proposed the
implementation of a tariff for what reason?
A. To end the export of natural resources to Great
Britain
B. To foster commercial and industrial development in
the new nation
C. To encourage the development of the American labor
movement
D. To support the creation of an American merchant
marine
E. To punish the Loyalists who remained in America
73. When George Washington became President of the
United States, he appointed who as his Secretary of the
Treasury?
A. Thomas Jefferson
D. John Adams
B. Henry Knox
E. John Marshall
C. Alexander Hamilton
77. What was the cause of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794?
A. Congress' illegal importation of whiskey and price
gouging
B. The Congressional order to eliminate all of the
whiskey distilling factories in Massachusetts due to
slumping production.
C. The tax imposed on whiskey by Congress that led
many Pennsylvania grain farmers to violently protest.
D. When wealthy aristocrats claimed farmland and
ordered the construction of whiskey distillation
factories.
E. The cruel treatment of slaves on grain farms in South
Carolina.
74. Incorporating his Federalist beliefs, Secretary of the
Treasury Alexander Hamilton proposed which of the
following?
A. A series of bank that would manage the economic
affairs of each individual state
B. Establishment of a national bank
C. Economic stimulation of industry and manufacturing
through tax incentives and subsidies authorized by
state banks
D. Prohibition of goods coming in from countries other
than England
E. The tenure of Presidential cabinet is lifetime
78. When the French Revolution broke out in the early
1790s, what was President Washington's reaction to
the international conflict?
A. He established a policy of lending weapons to the
French monarchy.
B. He proposed a Proclamation of Neutrality
C. Being committed to their cause, Washington agreed
to provide soldiers to assist the French revolution
leaders.
D. He ordered the removal of all people of French
descent living in the United States.
E. Washington ordered one of his top diplomats, John
Jay, to work out a peace treaty in France.
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79. The newly-created Republican Party under the
guidance of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
supported all of the following EXCEPT
A. A strict interpretation of the Constitution
B. Opposition to the establishment of Alexander
Hamilton's national bank
C. Admiration for the revolutionary spirit of the French
people
D. A domestic, agrarian society in which individual
freedoms were elevated over centralized government
E. Diplomatic leniency toward the British over land
disputes in the Western United States
83. At the end of the 18th century, sectionalism became
increasingly common in the United States as evidenced
by all of the following EXCEPT
A. the growth of manufacturing and factories in the
Northeast
B. the various hardships and prevalence of alcoholism
experienced while settling the frontier out West
C. the formation of universities and colleges in the
Midwest
D. the continuing influx of slaves for work on the
plantation's in the South
E. the support of the French revolution by the Northeast
80. The Jay Treaty of 1794 was an attempt by the United
States to do which of the following?
A. Limit English agitation of their Native American
allies on the western borders of the United States
B. Open the Spanish-occupied Mississippi River to
American merchants
C. Pay off the Revolutionary war debts it had incurred
from France and the Netherlands
D. Provide weapons and troops to the French
Revolutionary leaders
E. Expand its land claims within the North American
continent by admitting new states to the Union
84. One main factor that led to the formation of the first
two political parties in the United States in the 1790s
was the conflict over the
A. the spread of slavery into the western territories
B. support for the French Revolution
C. the decision to move the capital of the United States
to Washington D.C.
D. strict versus loose interpretation of the Constitution
E. the acceptance of the Pinckney Treaty
85. According to historians, which of the following would
most likely have advocated for decentralized
government?
A. John Adams
B. George Washington
C. John Marshall
D. Alexander Hamilton
E. Roger B. Taney
81. How did the Pinckney Treaty benefit the United
States?
A. It gave the United States a new military and wartime
ally in Russia.
B. The $25 million the United States received from
Great Britain for war debt helped rejuvenate the
suffering U.S. economy.
C. It relieved many of the tensions between settlers arid
Native Americans on the frontier.
D. It opened the Mississippi River to American traffic
and included the right of deposit in the port city of
New Orleans.
E. It gave the United States access to all of the land
south of the Spanish-held 31st parallel.
86. There was a large amount of American protest for the
Jay Treaty of 1794 because
A. it forced Americans to reimburse Great Britain for
extensive debts that the U.S. had incurred during its
economic slump
B. it arranged compensation for slaves freed by the
British during the Revolution
C. it failed to address the issue of British impressments
of American ships into the British navy.
D. it forced the United States to grant all of the land
south of Florida to the Netherlands for failing to
repay all of the money they had borrowed
E. it forbade trade with any lands in the West Indies
82. Why was the capital of the United States moved to
Washington D.C.?
A. President Washington preferred the warmer climate
of the area near the Potomac River.
B. Southern states threatened to secede from the Union
if the capital was not moved to an area nearer to the
South.
C. A compromise created by James Madison and
Thomas Jefferson that would establish the site for a
new federal city in the South in exchange for
supporting their opposition to the Federalists.
D. The disturbingly high crime rate of Philadelphia
concerned many government leaders.
E. It was an agreement made during the Revolutionary
War that a capital city would be established in the
South for all of the military support the Union
received.
87. All of the following events took place under George
Washington's presidency EXCEPT
A. XYZ Affair
B. creation of the Jay's Treaty with Great Britain
C. adoption of the Pinckney Treaty with Spain
D. suppression of the farmers in Western Pennsylvania
who instigated the Whiskey Rebellion
E. defeat of the rebellious Native Americans of Ohio
under the military leadership of Gen. Anthony
Wayne
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"It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances
with any portion of the foreign world; so far, I mean, as we
are now at liberty to do it; for let me not be understood as
capable of patronizing infidelity to existing engagements. I
hold the maxim no less applicable to public than to private
affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I repeat it,
therefore, let those engagements be observed in their
genuine sense. But, in my opinion, it is unnecessary and
would be unwise to extend them."
--George Washington's Farewell Address
92. What was the goal of the three-man delegation sent to
France in 1798?
A. The United States tried to persuade the French to stop
harassing American shipping.
B. The U.S. attempted to form an economic alliance
with the new French government following the
Revolution.
C. The delegates tried to come to some agreement over
land disputes in the Western U.S.
D. The U.S. was providing financial aid to the newlyformed French government.
E. America was attempting to purchase some of the
French colonies in the West Indies.
88. What does the quotation above suggest about George
Washington?
A. He advocated a foreign policy of imperialism.
B. He believed strongly in maintaining neutrality and
isolationism.
C. He was a firm believer in the economic system of
mercantilism.
D. He suggested that the United States should accept the
role as the master diplomat.
E. He believed that only during wartime should the
United States adopt a policy of neutrality.
93. How did the XYZ Affair affect public sentiment
toward the French?
A. Americans took pride in providing aid to their new
revolutionary ally.
B. Americans welcomed French immigrants to the
United States.
C. Public feeling against France ran high as a result of
its deceptive form of diplomacy.
D. Believing strongly in Washington's suggestion of
neutrality and isolationism, Americans were
indifferent about U.S. negotiations with France.
E. Americans became sympathetic toward the defeated
French crown and desired a return to the monarchy.
89. During the Election of 1796, the Federalist Party was
running which man for President?
A. John Marshall
D. John Adams
B. Thomas Jefferson
E. Aaron Burr
C. James Madison
94. The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 accomplished
which of the following?
90. Which of the following describes the general qualities
of the Republicans at the time of the election in 1796?
A. They supported Hamilton's national bank and a
strong centralized government.
B. They opposed the creation of the Electoral College.
C. They tended to be a party of farmers and supported
more democratic values.
D. They advocated a policy of neutrality during the
French Revolution.
E. They favored Great Britain and the Jay's Treaty.
I. They lengthened the period of naturalization
II. They allowed easy deportation of aliens
III. They made it illegal to publish criticism of the U.S.
government
A. I only
B. II only
C. I and II only
91. When John Adams first began his Presidency, what
was a growing concern of his?
A. Aaron Burr's conspiracy to create a nation in the
West
B. The assassination of Alexander Hamilton
C. The Indian rebellion in the Midwest which resulted in
the deaths of hundreds of settlers
D. Foreign relations with France as French soldiers
reacted to Jay's Treaty by seizing American ships
E. The failure of Hamilton's national bank
D. II and III only
E. I, II, and III
95. How did the Alien and Sedition Acts affect the
relations between the two political parties?
A. Both the Federalists and the Republicans supported
the enactment of the Alien and Sedition Acts.
B. The Alien and Sedition Acts cause a split in the
Republican Party, leading some members to join the
Federalists.
C. The Federalist-dominated Congress enacted the Alien
and Sedition Acts as a way of increasing the power of
the Adams presidency and the further centralizing the
government.
D. A split resulted in the Federalist Party leading many
members to join Thomas Jefferson and the
Republicans.
E. Some Federalists who were frustrated by the Acts,
formed the new Democratic Party.
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96. How did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves serve as
a predecessor for the nullification controversy of the
1830s?
A. They empowered the states by attempting to decide
the constitutionality of a federal law via state
legislatures.
B. They dealt with the issue of slavery.
C. They left the decision of which political party would
become predominant in each state up to the state
legislatures.
D. They granted each state its own treasury system that
was a replica of the First Bank of the United States.
E. They were early attempts by John Calhoun to claim
political power.
100. Which appointee of John Adams oversaw the
development of the Supreme Court's power to judge
the constitutionality of acts of Congress?
A. John Jay
D. John Marshall
B. Roger B. Taney
E. Henry Knox
C. Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr.
101. One of the results of Alexander Hamilton's support
for Thomas Jefferson in the Election of 1800 was the
creation of the 12th Amendment which
A. limited the presidential term to two terms
B. extended voting rights to eighteen-year olds
C. let electors vote separately for president and vicepresident
D. provided for the direct election of senators
E. prohibited poll taxes
97. What was unusual about the election of 1800?
A. More than five candidates ran for President
B. A tie resulted between the two Republican
candidates, Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr
C. The Senate had to ultimately make the decision of
who would become the next President.
D. The new Whig Party ran a candidate for President.
E. The election took place in January as opposed to
November.
102. The majority of the votes for Thomas Jefferson came
from which region of the United States?
A. Northeast
D. West
B. Midwest
E. Mid-Atlantic
C. South
103. Historians generally agree that the presidency of John
Adams was
A. successful because the United States further
stabilized its foreign relations
B. successful because the United States was able to
expand its size by admitting eight new states into the
Union
C. successful because the United States was able to
recover from its economic crisis
D. unsuccessful because of the constant conflicts with
Great Britain and Spain
E. unsuccessful because it was marred by the threat of
war with France and the adoption of the Alien and
Sedition Acts
98. How did Thomas Jefferson end up winning the
election of 1800?
A. Thomas Jefferson secretly paid off Aaron Burr to
accept the position as vice-President.
B. Aaron Burr forfeited when he was injured in his
famous duel with Alexander Hamilton.
C. Officials from the Electoral College under the
leadership of Alexander Hamilton threw their support
to Thomas Jefferson.
D. John Adams appointed Thomas Jefferson as
President
E. In a second popular election between only Thomas
Jefferson and Aaron Burr, the majority of the
American people elected Jefferson.
104. How did Alexander Hamilton's role in the Election of
1800 forecast his later involvement with Aaron Burr?
A. Hamilton's support for Thomas Jefferson influenced
the Electoral College to grant Jefferson victory.
B. Hamilton attempted to invalidate Burr accusing him
of treason.
C. Alexander Hamilton agreed to give Aaron Burr
governorship of New York if he forfeited the
Election of 1800.
D. Thomas Jefferson was going to forfeit the election;
until Alexander Hamilton offered him a large sum of
money to stay in the running.
E. Hamilton was denied a position in the New York
State Assembly when Aaron Burr became the
governor of New York.
99. Before leaving his presidency, John Adams did which
of the following?
A. He created a new anti-slavery act which banned
slavery in the Northeast.
B. He invalidated the infamous Alien and Sedition Acts.
C. He signed a new law that authorized the construction
of a presidential mansion on the banks of the
Potomac River.
D. He appointed many Federalist judges to fill newlycreated positions in the judicial branch.
E. He ordered the creation of a new position of the
Cabinet, Secretary of Labor.
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"What is government itself, but the greatest of all
reflections on human nature? If men were angels, no
government would be necessary. If angels were to govern
men, neither external nor internal controls on government
would be necessary. In framing a government which is to
be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies
in this; you must first enable the government to control the
government; and in the next place oblige it to control
itself."
- James Madison
108. What is the meaning of this political cartoon?
A. All state legislatures should ratify the Constitution
and join the newly formed American union.
B. The colonies should join together to fight the British.
C. The nation must remain united to avoid civil war.
D. British colonies should join with French colonies to
oppose the European colonial empires.
E. The slaves in each of the American states should join
together and rebel.
105. James Madison wrote this statement in which of the
following documents?
A. Federalist Papers
D. Constitution
B. Declaration of Independence E. Common Sense
C. Articles of Confederation
Base your answers to the next two questions on the
following information:
Speaker A: "It is our true policy to steer clear of
permanent alliances with any portion of the
foreign world; so far, I mean, as we are now
at liberty to do it; for let me not be
understood as capable of patronizing
infidelity to existing engagements."
109. Who would have promoted the message advocated in
this cartoon?
A. John Calhoun
D. Benjamin Franklin
B. Aaron Burr
E. Nathaniel Bedford Forrest
C. Benedict Arnold
110. The message proclaimed by this cartoon was
embraced during which of the following events?
A. Albany Congress
D. Geneva Convention
B. Hartford Convention E. Niagara Falls Convention
C. Seneca Falls Convention
Speaker B: "Our policy in regard to Europe, which was
adopted at an early stage of the wars which
have so long agitated that quarter of the
globe, nevertheless remains the same, which
is, not to interfere in the internal concerns of
any of its powers; to consider the government
de facto as the legitimate government for us;
to cultivate friendly relations with it, and to
preserve those relations by a frank, firm, and
manly policy, meeting in all instances the just
claims of every power, submitting to injuries
from none."
111. The Louisiana Purchase accomplished all of the
following EXCEPT
A. doubling the size of the United States
B. causing many explorers and pioneers to set forth west
C. giving the United States control of the important port
of New Orleans
D. creating an alliance between the United States and
Britain
E. becoming the largest federal action in the nation's
history up to that point
Speaker C: "Whether they will or no, Americans must
now begin to look outward"
106. Foreign policy during the presidency of George
Washington is best reflected by which of the following
speakers?
A. A only
D. A and B only
B. B only
E. A, B, and C
C. C only
112. The United States was able to obtain the Louisiana
Purchase from France for only $15 million because
A. France owed the United States for its help against
Britain in the French and Indian War
B. Napoleon was desperate for cash to fight a war in
Europe
C. America was powerful enough to force the French to
sell the land at threat of war
D. Jefferson's anti-federalist position made it imperative
for the United States to expand
E. the war in Europe prevented the French from
retaining any control over their New World lands
107. The quotation from Speaker A was most likely made
by which of the following speakers?
A. Alexander Hamilton
D. Aaron Burr
B. Abraham Lincoln
E. George Washington
C. William H. Taft
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113. Which of the following was NOT a benefit of the
Lewis and Clark Expedition?
A. Increased geographic and scientific knowledge of the
West
B. American sight of the Pacific Ocean
C. Stronger claims to the Oregon Territory
D. Improved relations with Native American tribes
E. American control of the Western seaboard
119. One result of the War of 1812 was
A. American dominance forced the British to make vast
concessions
B. an end to both the British-French conflict and BritishAmerican conflict.
C. Napoleon's domination in Europe forced the British
to negotiate for peace
D. the Battle of New Orleans dealt a decisive blow to
the British
E. the United States gained the Oregon territory from
the British
114. One of the problems faced by Thomas Jefferson with
the acquisition of the Louisiana Territory was
A. the reluctance of the French to sell the territory at a
reasonable price
B. upsetting Western settlers who were content under
French rule
C. passing a constitutional amendment necessary to
authorize the purchase
D. inciting war with England
E. contradicting his belief in a strict interpretation of the
constitution
120. The Hartford Convention was an event at which
A. Federalists considered a massive overhaul of the
constitution or secession
B. Democratic-Republicans attempted to impeach
Madison
C. the British hatched a plan to burn the White House
D. Americans and British negotiated for peace
E. the Americans and the French worked on a plan to
destroy the British
115. The Louisiana Purchase had an important geographic
impact because it
A. Focused America on westward expansion
B. gave America control of San Francisco Bay
C. reduced British control of North America
D. Smoothed out relations with Native Americans
E. brought Texas into the Union
121. One significant impact of the Hartford Convention
was that
A. The British were soon defeated in the War of 1812
B. American manufacturing experienced a boom
C. The Federalist Party soon disintegrated
D. The Battle of New Orleans saved the fortunes of the
Americans in the war
E. James Madison was defeated in his bid for a second
term
116. The group that benefited most from the Louisiana
Purchase were
A. Northern fur trappers D. the anti-federalists
B. Native Americans
E. Great Lakes’ fishermen
C. the farmers in the Ohio River Valley
122. A benefit for America which resulted from the War of
1812 was that
A. The war demonstrated America's military might
B. the war helped reinvigorate the country's two party
system
C. American manufacturing grew and became more
self-sufficient
D. America won control of the Oregon territory from
Britain
E. America captured the port of New Orleans
117. The significance of the Native American leader
Tecumseh is that he
A. fought for the French against the British and
Americans in the French and Indian War
B. sold land to the Americans at extremely cheap prices,
allowing America to expand into the West
C. unified tribes to prevent American expansion during
the War of 1812
D. fought Americans during Little Big Horn
E. assisted the Union Army in the West
123. The Hartford Convention: was a result of which of
the following factors?
A. America's dominance in the War of 1812
B. New England dissatisfaction with the War of 1812
C. Illegal trading and privateering by New Englanders
D. Napoleon's dominance over the British in Europe
E. The burning down of the White House
118. John C. Calhoun and Henry Clay both agreed that
A. High tariffs were necessary to build the economy
B. Nullification was a legal right of the states
C. America must fight the War of 1812
D. the National Bank was essential for America
E. the U.S. should annex Texas immediately
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124. At the Battle of Tippecanoe
A. William Henry Harrison defeated the Shawnees
B. the Shawnee, with the help of the British, propelled
the Americans out of Indiana
C. Tecumseh inflicted great damage on the Americans,
defeating them and keep them back
D. the French aligned with the Indians to attack the
British and Americans
E. George Armstrong Custer defeated the Shawnees,
leaving half dead or wounded
130. After dueling Alexander Hamilton and running from
his murder indictment, Aaron Burr's attempted
conspiracy consisted of
A. killing Alexander Hamilton
B. assassinating the President
C. starting his own nation in the Southwest
D. moving to Britain
E. aligning with the French
131. Marbury v. Madison established which legal principle?
A. Federal supremacy
B. Executive privilege
C. Judicial review
D. Lifetime judicial appointments
E. Right of individual over states
125. The man among these who would be characterized as
a "war hawk" is
A. James Madison
D. Thomas Jefferson
B. John Quincy Adams E. Aaron Burr
C. Henry Clay
132. All of the following were established while John
Marshall was Chief Justice EXCEPT
A. a broad interpretation of the constitution
B. the expansion of states' rights
C. judicial review
D. supremacy of the federal government
E. strengthening of the national judiciary
126. The following are true of the Embargo Act EXCEPT
A. the British substituted South American goods for
those of the United States
B. the Act forced Britain to stop violating the rights of
neutral nations
C. the American economy was devastated
D. Jefferson called for a repeal of the act in 1809
E. Jefferson hoped the act was an alternative to war
133. The case of McCulloch v. Maryland established which
important legal precedent?
A. Federal supremacy
B. Judicial review
C. Absolute freedom of speech
D. Bill of Rights protections from state governments
E. Nullification
127. The following statements are true of the Battle of New
Orleans EXCEPT
A. It represented a decisive and powerful victory for the
Americans
B. Andrew Jackson worked together with Native
Americans, frontiersman, free African Americans,
and Creoles
C. the battle was fought to stop the British effort to
control the Mississippi River
D. the battle was essential to ending the conflict with an
American victory
E. it was the last confrontation of the War of 1812
134. The most important impact of the Supreme Court
under John Marshall was that it
A. strengthened the powers of the federal government
B. gave rights to enslaved persons
C. expanded civil rights
D. took a strict interpretation of the constitution
E. weakened the system of checks and balances
128. The most significant reason that the "war hawks"
supported the war is that they
A. wanted Madison impeached from office
B. saw opportunity to take land in the Southwest and
West
C. wanted to increase Northeastern manufacturing
D. wanted to deal a blow to the British
E. wanted the French eliminated from America
135. The impact of the decision in Marbury v. Madison
could be best characterized by which of the following
statements?
A. The decision weakened the federal judiciary.
B. The decision strengthened the powers of the states.
C. The decision gave more rights to enslaved persons.
D. The decision strengthened the system of checks and
balances.
E. The decision added the right to impose an income
tax.
129. Thomas Jefferson, in the Aaron Burr conspiracy trial,
set what legal precedent?
A. Executive privilege to prevent him from appearing in
court with private papers
B. Judicial review
C. The right to force the President to appear in court
D. Use of the Interstate Commerce provision to control
jurisdiction
E. Federal supremacy over states
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136. The Supreme Court decision in Fletcher v. Peck was
important because
A. it was the first time a state law was declared
unconstitutional
B. it was the first time an act was declared
unconstitutional
C. it affirmed federal control of interstate commerce
D. it affirmed the sanctity of a private corporation
E. affirmed the importance of state governments over
the federal government
141. Which is the most important reason for the Era of
Good Feelings?
A. The lack of foreign conflict during the Era
B. The Monroe Doctrine's impact on the world
C. The dominance of the Republican Party
D. The lack of controversy over the issue of slavery
E. The agreement by many politicians over the issues of
the day
142. Which did NOT occur during the Presidency of
James Monroe?
A. The acquisition of Florida
B. The Monroe Doctrine
C. The start of the Second Bank of the US
D. The Missouri Compromise
E. The Era of Good Feelings
137. The decision in Gibbons v. Ogden established which of
the following principles?
A. Judicial review
B. National supremacy in regulating interstate
commerce
C. The right to impeach the president
D. The right of an individual contract not to be
interfered with by the legislature
E. Separate but equal rights
143. What event ended the Era of Good Feelings?
A. The Panic of 1819
B. The Missouri Compromise
C. The Election of 1820
D. The Tallmadge Amendment
E. The Transcontinental Treaty
138. The chief significance of the Supreme Court's decision
in Dartmouth v. Woodward was that
A. the decision established the principle of judicial
review
B. the decision established national supremacy in
regulating interstate commerce
C. the decision established the right of protection of a
private contract from a state legislature
D. the decision established the right of a presidential
veto
E. the decision established the supremacy of the
executive branch
144. Why was the Monroe Doctrine issued?
A. To ward off Europe from re-taking the American
West
B. To ward off Britain from impressing American
sailors
C. To preserve American neutrality at sea
D. To prevent the French from attempting to re-take
New Orleans
E. To ward off any moves by Europe in South and Latin
America
139. The following were all causes of the War of 1812
EXCEPT
A. British impressments of American sailors
B. the United States' embargo on trade with Britain
C. Southern War Hawks eagerness to gain territory in
the West
D. Aaron Burr's conspiracy to create a new nation in the
West
E. British anger at American trade policies
145. Which was NOT true about the Missouri
Compromise?
A. It reflected the deep-seated controversy over slavery.
B. It instituted Missouri into the Union as a slave state.
C. It instituted Maine into the Union as a free state.
D. The compromise yielded one more free state than
slave state.
E. It established the southern border of Missouri as the
northernmost point in which slavery would be
allowed in the Western territories.
140. Which statement best characterizes the Era of Good
Feelings?
A. The Federalists were the one dominant political
party.
B. The term Era of Good Feelings is an
oversimplification of a time rife with controversy.
C. The Era of Good Feelings was a time of nationalism,
optimism and goodwill.
D. Issues of slavery, internal improvements, and tariffs
subsided during the Era of Good Feelings.
E. The Era occurred during the presidency of James
Madison.
146. What was the direct result of the Missouri
Compromise?
A. The states went to war over slavery.
B. It temporarily forestalled the outbreak of a Civil War.
C. The slave states had a tactical advantage after
securing another slave state into the Union.
D. Several states from the Louisiana Territory attempted
to enter the Union as slave states.
E. The free states had a tactical edge and tried to end
slavery for good.
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147. Why did the Monroe Doctrine succeed in keeping
Europe out of Latin America?
A. Latin American revolutions scared Europe away.
B. American might scared Europe from coming near.
C. The British navy scared other nations from coming to
the Americas.
D. The war on the European continent prevented
European powers from looking towards the
Americas.
E. Europeans has no interest in coming to the Americas
regardless.
153. What is true about John Quincy Adams' Presidency?
A. He fought for states' rights.
B. He successfully pushed for building highways and
establishing schools.
C. He displayed the brilliancy he had as Secretary of
State.
D. He endorsed nullification.
E. The Tariff of Abominations was passed.
154. What states experienced great manufacturing growth
in the first half of the early 19th century?
I. Massachusetts
II. New York
III. Mississippi
148. What was the main impact of the Tallmadge
Amendment?
A. It eliminated slavery in the state of New York.
B. It strove to prevent states from coming into the Union
as slave states
C. It infuriated Northern Senators who saw it as a bill,
which would prolong slavery forever
D. It infuriated Southern Senators who saw it as a first
step to ending slavery.
E. It infuriated Western Senators who saw it as an
attempt to take over their land.
A. II.
B. III.
C. I and II.
D. II and III
E. I, II, and III
155. Charles Goodyear's process of vulcanizing rubber
and Elias Howe's sewing machine both demonstrate
A. the power of inventions to revolutionize industries
B. new processes of the late 18th century
C. developments which led the south to a foremost role
in manufacturing
D. the power of corporations to come up with new ideas
E. how new ideas lead to social reform movements
149. Which is NOT true about Henry Clay?
A. He opposed tariffs.
B. He was a key opponent to Andrew Jackson.
C. He was one of the founders of the Whig Party
D. He supported internal improvements.
E. He supported the National Bank.
156. The Lowell System was
A. a system of labor inducement employed by textile
mills
B. the system by which federal employees were hired in
the early 19th century
C. a system of planting and harvesting employed by
cotton plantations
A. a system of building roads employed in the west
B. a system of voting which was used before white
males were granted universal suffrage
150. Which is true about the Cumberland Road?
A. It linked together Kentucky and Tennessee.
B. It raised transportation costs because of its poor
upkeep.
C. It kept agriculture from commercializing.
D. It did not open until after the Civil War.
E. It was the first federally funded interstate road
network.
157. One factor which weakened Union members'
bargaining positions in the early 19th century was
A. the decision in Commonwealth v. Hunt
B. the federal government's refusal to introduce a 10hour day for federal projects
C. the influx of immigrants
D. the growth of the factory system
E. the growing dominance of the railroad
151. Which statement best characterizes the Tariff of 1816?
A. Southerners encouraged the tariff to help their
middling manufacturing. "
B. New Englanders opposed the tariff because it hurt
their manufacturing operations.
C. New England supported the tariff because it helped
their farming.
D. The tariff was intended to generate revenue.
E. The South opposed the tariff because it hurt their
farming.
158. German immigrants generally achieved greater
success than other immigrants because they
A. faced less prejudice against their Catholic faith
B. came to the south where it was easier to make money
C. were rich in their native Germany
D. were already familiar with much of the technology
E. came to the United States with more money
152. Which was NOT part of Henry Clay's American
System?
A. Protective tariffs
B. Shrinking the Federal Government
C. The Second Bank of the United States
D. National Currency
E. Internal Improvements
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159. The construction of the National Road and the Erie
Canal facilitated which development?
A. Failure of steamships
B. Traveling on North-South roads
C. Northeastern prosperity
D. The growth of railroads
E. The development of southern manufacturing
166. The statement "Cotton is King" demonstrates that
A. most Southern farmers grew cotton
B. the American South was the only place in which
cotton was conducive to growing
C. the South was more well-off than the North due to
cotton
D. tobacco was no longer a crop of value in the south
E. the majority of the value of U.S. exports came from
cotton
160. One obstacle to railroad development in the mid-19th
century was
A. competition from the steamship
B. the Federal Government attempted to impede railroad
progress
C. modern inventions were insufficient to run the
railroad
D. different rail lines could not be connected because of
track differences
E. various interest groups fought the development of the
railroad
167. One significance of inventions such as the steel plow
and threshing machine was that
A. specification in farming was reduced
B. large-scale farming gave way to small farms
C. the production of milk, fruit and berries shifted west
D. farmers were more in control of their economic
situation
E. there was a rising demand for free government land
168. All of the following were obstacles to Irish immigrants
in the first half of the 19th century EXCEPT
A. their Catholic faith D. the lack of need for labor
B. their lack of skills
E. their Irish heritage
C. their lack of money from their homeland
161. Which state was most likely to feature tobacco
farming in 1850?
A. Alabama
D. New Jersey
B. Kentucky
E. Maine
C. Virginia
169. The opening of Oberlin College, Troy Female
Seminary, and the Perkins School for the Blind in the
1830s and 1840s demonstrated
A. new trends of discrimination in education
B. a new American movement for higher education for
new groups
C. that higher education was only prevalent in the
Northeast
D. that the only good higher education available was for
men
E. that higher education could be used as a tool to fight
slavery
162. Which crop is matched correctly with the area where
it would be planted in 1850?
A. Mississippi and tobacco D. Michigan and grain
B. Virginia and sugar cane E. Georgia and rice
C. Massachusetts and cotton
163. In the gang system of Southern plantations in 1850,
A. large groups of workers performed the same task
B. workers performed specialized tasks
C. house servants enjoyed the most physical labor
D. indentured servants served more than slaves
E. cotton was inefficiently farmed
170. The "cult of domesticity" in the first half of the 19th
century could be best described as
A. more women working outside of the home
B. more men working outside the home
C. more men working as farmers
D. more men working as small craftsmen
E. more children being born into the home
164. The most important cause of the increased output in
cotton by the south during the early 19th century was
A. a new infusion of slaves from Africa
B. a high birth rate among slaves
C. Eli Whitney's invention of the cotton gin
D. more land gained by America
E. better weather conditions
171. Most whites in the south were
A. owners of plantations
B. cotton farmers
C. holders of slaves
D. independent small farmers
E. living in poverty
165. The 1834 invention which allowed farmers to harvest
at a significantly faster rate was
A. McCormick's mechanical reaper
B. Jerome Case's threshing machine
C. Eli Whitney's cotton gin
D. John Deere's steel plow
E. Charles Goodyear's vulcanization process
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172. One reason for the continuation of hierarchical
society in the South was
A. the profit accumulated by high cotton prices
B. the continued success of slavery
C. the failure to develop beyond the plantation system
D. the failure of tobacco and indigo
E. the belief in nullification
179. The spoils system was
A. the method by which John Quincy Adams captured
the election of 1824
B. dispensing government jobs in return for loyalty
C. policies engaged in by the Second National Bank
under Nicolas Biddle
D. the system of labor laws in place in the antebellum
era
E. a policy in slavery used in the South
173. The slave revolts by Denmark Vesey and Nat Turner
caused
A. greater freedom for slaves throughout the south
B. greater freedom for select slaves and areas close to
the north
C. Southern plantation owners to tighten reigns on
slaves
D. mass Northern activism on behalf of slaves
E. slaves to stop fighting against the system
180. Which is true about the caucus system?
A. The majority of people chose who they thought was
the best candidate.
B. Congressional caucuses chose their party’s nominees,
who were unchallenged by electors.
C. The caucus system led to the Presidency of John
Quincy Adams.
D. The Presidency of John Quincy Adams led to the
downfall of the caucus system.
E. The caucus system led to the nomination of Andrew
Jackson for President in 1824.
174. Southern paternalism was that idea that
A. Southern mothers should stay home and raise
children
B. Southerners, unlike Northerners, took care of their
families
C. Southerners watched out for one another
D. slaves were childlike and could not take care of
themselves
E. slaves should serve as fathers and become
responsible family figures
181. One electoral development that occurred during the
age of Jackson was the
A. birth of the modern party system
B. birth of the electoral college
C. electoral votes given to Washington D.C.
D. beginning of complete universal suffrage
E. election of third-party candidates
175. Which of the following is an accurate social trend
from the early 19th century?
A. Population grew fastest in New England
B. The number of men working outside the home shrunk
C. Immigration on the whole shrunk
D. The number of people living in cities grew
E. The number of children born in the home grew
182. What was the Supreme Court's decision in Cherokee
Nation v. Georgia?
A. The Cherokees of Georgia had the right to sue in
federal court.
B. The Cherokees must migrate to the West.
C. The Cherokees had no right to sue a state in court.
D. The Cherokees must remain on reservations in
Georgia.
E. Georgia can choose what to do with the Cherokees.
176. The bulk of immigrants coming to America during
the first half of the 19th century came from
A. Latin America
D. Britain and Spain
B. Ireland and Germany
E. Italy and Russia
C. Asia
183. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia and the Trail of Tears
demonstrated that
A. All branches of the American government were
working to remove Native Americans.
B. The Americans constantly broke treaties they signed
with Native Americans.
C. The Supreme Court's decisions lack power if they are
not to be enforced.
D. Andrew Jackson attempted to prevent the Indians
from being moved.
E. Native Americans moved voluntarily rather than
suffer annihilation.
177. All of the following were problems associated with the
growth of urbanization EXCEPT
A. lack of police and fire protection
B. epidemics of typhoid fever
C. the consolidation of small farms
D. poor sanitation
E. insufficient public transportation
178. Andrew Jackson's "kitchen cabinet" referred to
A. a group of Congressman backing Jackson
B. a group of opposition Whigs who supported Jackson
C. a group of supporters who advised Jackson
D. a group of military advisors
E. Jackson's appointments to the judiciary
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184. Andrew Jackson's policies towards Native Americans
could best by characterized as
A. attempting to initiate them as citizens
B. allowing them to retain their land
C. allowing them to voluntarily move to reservations
D. systematically killing them off
E. forcing them to move to reservations
191. The Supreme Court's decision in Charles River Bridge
was that
A. states could not begin their own banks; that power
was solely held by the federal government
B. states would end a grant of monopoly if the
monopoly failed to be in the interest of the
community
C. the federal government alone held the right to tax
D. the Supreme Court had the power of judicial review
E. the sanctity of private contracts must be upheld
185. A significant impact of Andrew Jackson's veto of the
Maysville Road Bill was that
A. interstate projects were delayed for years to come
B. Democratic opposition to interstate road building
propelled the Whigs into office
C. Jackson made it clear that there were definite limits
to federal funds
D. pork barrel projects became common place
E. railroads became the leader in transporting goods
192. Andrew Jackson took a step in the evolution of the
presidency by
A. appointing midnight judges
B. signing treaties without Senate consent
C. exercising his veto power
D. engaging in military action without Congressional
consent
E. passing high tariffs
186. Which is NOT true about the election of 1824?
A. John Quincy Adams was elected President by
Congress.
B. A majority of states allowed voters to choose their
Presidential electors directly.
C. John Quincy Adams won the most electoral votes.
D. Andrew Jackson won the most popular votes.
E. Henry Clay became Secretary of State.
193. John C. Calhoun was never a
A. South Carolina Senator
B. Vice President
C. War Hawk Nationalist
D. States' Rights Sectionalist
E. War of 1812 protester
187. Which of the following is true about the Whig Party?
A. The party supported immigration.
B. Support for the party was drawn from the South.
C. The party was led by Martin Van Buren.
D. The party spoke out against social ills, such as
immorality and vice.
E. The party opposed the National Bank.
194. Nullification is
A. The right of a person to disobey a law
B. The right of congress to ignore a veto by the
President
C. The right of the Supreme Court to nullify a law
D. The right of a state to disobey a federal law
E. The right of a state legislature to disobey a state law
188. Who of the following was-NOT a member of the Whig
party?
A. James K. Polk
B. Henry Clay
C. William Henry Harrison
D. Daniel Webster
E. Zachary Taylor
195. What theory was espoused in the South Carolina
Exposition and Protest?
A. Separate but equal rights
B. Nullification
C. Clear and present danger
D. Popular sovereignty
E. Mutual noninterference
189. Which is true about the Jacksonian Democrats?
A. They supported expanded federal government
services.
B. They supported equal economic opportunities for
white males.
C. Their base came from the South and Northeast.
D. They opposed free trade.
E. They supported a National Bank.
196. Daniel Webster's statement "Liberty and Union, now
and forever, one and inseparable" demonstrates
Webster's belief that
A. the Union is sovereign over the states
B. the states retain the right to nullify certain laws
C. the executive is sovereign over the legislature
D. absolute freedom of speech is necessary
E. the slaves must be freed
190. One group that would be likely to support Jacksonian
Democrats would be
A. bankers
D. manufacturers
B. New Englanders
E. Westerners
C. large farmers
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197. One difference between Andrew Jackson and John C.
Calhoun's positions is that
A. Jackson fought against state rights, while Calhoun
supported them
B. Calhoun's top priority was to secede from the Union
C. Jackson supported nullification, while Calhoun
opposed it
D. Jackson believed in a dominant Union, Calhoun
believed in dominant states
E. Jackson opposed the Tariff of 1832, which Calhoun
supported
203. What was the cause of the Panic of 1837?
A. A bad cotton crop
B. High tariffs
C. Opposition to Martin Van Buren’s Presidency
D. Nullification
E. The failure to renew the charter of the National Bank
204. Which New York reverend preached that conversion
was up to the individual?
A. Cotton Mather
D. Charles Finney
B. George Fitzhugh
E. Joseph Smith
C. Timothy Dwight
198. Which of the following states would be most likely to
oppose tariffs in the antebellum period?
A. Pennsylvania
D. South Carolina
B. Kentucky
E. Ohio
C. Massachusetts
205. Which belief system held faith in the innate goodness
of man and in emotions over rationality?
A. Empiricism
D. Romanticism
B. Neo-classicism
E. Existentialism
C. Realism
199. What was the reason for Andrew Jackson's
opposition to the National Bank?
A. He opposed a place where money is pooled
B. He opposed high tariffs
C. He believed it was a monopoly created at the expense
of the common people
D. He opposed any bill Henry Clay proposed
E. He thought it was not secure
206. Horace Mann pushed for reform in
A. prostitution
D. slavery
B. gambling
E. prison conditions
C. education
207. Brook Farm and New Harmony are examples of what
type of community?
A. Utopian
D. Integrated
B. Mormon
E. Prison
C. Catholic
200. State banks used for new revenue deposits in an
attempt to destroy the National Bank by Andrew
Jackson were known as
A. independent treasury D. federal reserves
B. pet banks
E. parts of the spoils system
C. Specie circular
208. A central belief of the Transcendentalists was that
A. people can rise above reason
B. morals are relative
C. salvation can be found in good works
D. peoples' fates are predestined
E. people can earn their way into heaven
201. What is NOT true about the fight over the National
Bank in 1832?
A. Congress overturned Andrew Jackson's veto and
renewed the bank charter
B. Henry Clay lost the 1832 election badly to Andrew
Jackson
C. Congress passed a bill renewing the charter of the
National Bank
D. Andrew Jackson considered the Bank a private
monopoly
E. Andrew Jackson vetoed the bill renewing the Bank
charter
209. All of the following social movements were prominent
in the ante bellum era EXCEPT
A. Eugenics
D. Higher education
B. Abolition
E. Feminism
C. Temperance
210. An important improvement Dorothea Dix worked
towards was
A. women's right to vote
B. reform for the mentally ill
C. higher education for women
D. ending the sale of alcohol
E. the beginning of widespread public school education
202. Andrew Jackson's specie circular, his policy only
accepting hard currency for land, faced problems
because
A. hard currency was controlled by the railroad owners
B. without the National Bank, there was nowhere to put
hard currency
C. hard currency was hard to find and put farmers
looking to buy land at the mercy of speculators
D. the government controlled all of the hard currency
E. there was very little open land and the government
ran low on specie
211. The importance of the Seneca Falls Convention is that it
A. forced the legalization of women's suffrage
B. began the modern women’s rights movement
C. propelled female candidates into office
D. was a precursor to abolition
E. began the use of birth control
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212. The following are all true of the temperance
movement EXCEPT
A. the movement contained more than a million
members by the 1840s
B. it argued alcoholism was a disease
C. members felt was alcohol was a social evil
D. supporters tried to persuade drinkers to take a pledge
of total abstinence
E. it was composed primarily of Catholic immigrants
219. Alexis de Tocqueville published which philosophical
treatise?
A. Looking Backward D. Fear and Trembling
B. Walden
E. Progress and Prosperity
C. Democracy and America
220. The statement which correctly describes the paintings
of the Hudson River School is
A. scenes displaying the awe of the American frontier
B. scenes of Revolutionary War locales
C. scenes displayed the gruesome and vicious nature of
the Civil War
D. scenes of problems in America painted in efforts to
reform
E. scenes of gunfights and cowboys in the American
West
213. The publisher of The Liberator was
A. Harriet Beecher Stowe
B. William Lloyd Garrison
C. Garrison Hearst
D. Fredrick Douglas
E. Elizabeth Cady Stanton
214. The decision the Massachusetts Supreme Court
reached in Commonwealth v. Hunt was that
A. forming a trade union was legal
B. employers must confine employees to an 8-hour day
C. child labor was illegal
D. worker safety must be enforced
E. employers must supply health benefits to employees
221. One obstacle Sam Houston faced in trying to obtain
American annexation of Texas was
A. Andrew Jackson's desire to go to war with Mexico
B. Mexico's threat to attack Texas
C. Andrew Jackson's fear of a renewal of the slavery
issue
D. France and England's desire for trading agreements
with Texas
E. Henry Clay's inability to be elected into office
215. In Walden, Henry David Thoreau stressed his belief
that people
A. should live as one with nature
B. should let rationality rise above emotion
C. should take advantage of new technology
D. are fated to serve a certain role
E. must join the church
222. Texas had been under all of the following
governments EXCEPT
A. United States
D. Independent
B. Confederacy
E. French
C. Mexican
216. The Shakers believed that
A. sex was essential in gaining spiritual enlightenment
B. women should be relegated to lesser duties than men
C. other churches paid too much attention to the after
life
D. other churches were not interested enough in the
material world
E. evil enters the world through sex
223. Americans came south to Texas in the 1820s because
A. the weather enticed them
B. Texas offered them better opportunities for freedom
C. Texas experienced a gold rush
D. Mexico offered them land grants
E. they wanted to take over Mexico
224. One foreign policy success of John Tyler's presidency
was
A. victory in the Mexican-American War
B. the movement to annex Texas into the Union
C. the acquisition of the Oregon territory
D. the annexation of California into the Union
E. the acquisition of the Gadsden purchase
217. The American author who wrote stories of ghosts and
terror in the ante bellum period was
A. Edgar Allen Poe
D. James Russell Lowell
B. Nathaniel Hawthorne E. James Fennimore Cooper
C. Herman Melville
218. The American poet who wrote the epic Evangeline
and Hiawatha was
A. Emily Dickenson
D. Walt Whitman
B. Robert Frost
E. Edgar Allen Poe
C. Henry Longfellow
225. The Oregon Treaty
A. caused violence to spark in the Northwest
B. appeased all of Polk's supporters
C. ceded all territory below the 54'40" line to the United
States
D. established the current Canadian-American border
E. incited Mexico to war
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226. The slogan "54"40' or Fight" represented the
American desire to
A. go to war with the British
B. go to war with Mexico
C. annex California
D. control the Oregon territory
E. reassess the 36"30' line decided upon in the Missouri
Compromise
233. An impact of the Gold Rush of 1848 was that
A. California attempted to enter the Union as a slave
state
B. California quickly established law and order
C. thousands of people got rich quickly
D. California applied to enter the Union as a free state
E. the west quickly caught up to the East
technologically
227. A significant impact of the Mexican War was
A. American acquisition of Mexico
B. another attempt by Britain to retake the Southwest
C. the failure to re-elect James K. Polk
D. the reemergence of the issue of slavery in the
territories
E. widespread American opposition to the war
234. One party which benefited from the sectional conflict
about slavery were
A. the Know-Nothings
D. the Democrats
B. Southern Fire-eaters
E. the Whigs
C. women
235. The Know-Nothings
A. believed the United States should continue to
encourage immigration
B. believed that Protestants should not be allowed to
hold office
C. were formed in 1866
D. were part of the Democratic Party
E. included secret rituals like a fraternal order
228. The Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo did NOT
A. end the Mexican War
B. increase America's territory by one third
C. cede the southwest to America
D. send $15 million to Mexico in exchange for territory
E. force Mexico to pay an indemnity for the war
229. The Wilmot Proviso was suggested to
A. mandate slavery in territory obtained from Mexico
B. allow for residents to vote for or against slavery in
territories
C. allow slavery in the Southwest, but not in the Oregon
territory
D. disallow slavery in any territory obtained from
Mexico
E. allow slavery in territory in Kansas and Nebraska
236. The American Colonization Society promoted a
movement to
A. free slaves
B. send African-Americans to Africa
C. colonize Latin America
D. restart the slave trade
E. expand westward
237. In response to the anti-slavery movement, the South
did all of the following EXCEPT
A. argued slaves were scientifically inferior
B. justified slavery through the bible
C. refused to deliver mail antagonistic to the slave
system
D. restart the slave trade
E. close off the society to much literature
230. Which policy did Stephen Douglas believe should be
implemented in the territories regarding slavery?
A. No slavery in the territories
B. People in the territories vote on whether or not they
want slavery
C. Slavery in the territories
D. Slavery in territories below the 36'30" line
E. No slavery anywhere
238. The "gag rule" passed by Southern members of the
House of Representatives was an attempt to
A. extend slavery into all of the territories
B. prevent abolitionists from being able to publish
newspapers
C. forbid free blacks from speaking
D. prevent discussion of slavery in the House of
Representatives
E. quiet slaves
231. All of the following represent attempts to avoid
striking controversy on the issue of slavery EXCEPT
A. the Wilmot Proviso
B. the Compromise of 1850
C. the nomination of Zachary Taylor for President
D. popular sovereignty
E. the Kansas-Nebraska Act
232. In 1848, which party took a platform of no slavery in
the territories?
A. Democrat
D. Free soil
B. Whig
E. Republican
C. Know-nothing
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Base your answers to the next three questions on the
following information:
Speaker B: "The Union, next to our liberty most dear.
May we all remember that it can be preserved
only by respecting the rights of the states."
244. The Fugitive Slave Law as included in the
Compromise of 1850 served to
A. satisfy Southerners who wanted slavery protected
B. ensure runaway slaves were brought back to their
owners
C. give due process to escaped slaves
D. incite Northerners otherwise unconcerned with
slavery
E. allow states to disregard the law if they disagreed
Speaker C: "A Union that can only be maintained by
swords and bayonets, and in which strife and
civil war are to take place of brotherly love
and kindness, has no charm for me."
245. The "Little Giant" referred to
A. Henry Clay
D. Matthew Perry
B. Stephen Douglas
E. Millard Fillmore
C. William Seward
239. The difference between Speaker A and Speaker B is
similar to which of the following?
A. Aaron Burr and Alexander Hamilton
B. Theodore Roosevelt and William H. Taft
C. John Calhoun and Daniel Webster
D. Andrew Johnson and Thaddeus Stevens
E. Stephen Douglas and Abraham Lincoln
246. Stephen Douglas worked to pass the Kansas-Nebraska
Act because
A. he believed strongly that the Missouri Compromise
was unconstitutional
B. he wanted a transcontinental railroad to pass through
Illinois
C. he believed slavery should be determined by the
people's vote
D. he was certain Kansas and Nebraska would vote
down slavery
E. he needed to keep his political support for his next
Senate bid
Speaker A: "Liberty and Union, now and forever, one
and inseparable!"
240. Speaker B would have most likely agreed with
A. Compromise of 1820
E. Monroe Doctrine
B. Tariff of Abomination
D. Seneca Falls
Convention
C. South Carolina Exposition and Protest
247. Who was most likely to support the Kansas-Nebraska
Act?
A. A Northern Democrat
D. A cotton farmer
B. A Free Soiler
E. A gold prospector
C. A textile worker
241. Who would have most likely rejected Speaker A?
A. Henry Clay
D. John Quincy Adams
B. Daniel Webster
E. Alexander Stephens
C. Andrew Jackson
248. One immediate result stemming from the KansasNebraska Act was
A. secession
B. outrage from Southern senators
C. the formation of the Republican Party
D. the building of the trans-continental railroad through
Illinois
E. Harriet Beecher Stowe writing Uncle Tom's Cabin
242. Attempting to avoid the issue of slavery in the
territories, Zachary Taylor proposed
A. to disallow territories from joining the union
B. that California should seek admission directly as a
state
C. that slavery in the territories should be voted on by
residents
D. that America should end its Westward expansion
E. that slavery in the territories should continue below
the 36'30" line
249. One provision of the Kansas-Nebraska Act was that
A. a trans-continental railroad would be built through
Illinois
B. the Missouri Compromise was upheld
C. Kansas and Nebraska would be introduced as states
D. slavery in the new territories would be determined by
popular sovereignty
E. slavery would be abolished above the border of the
Kansas-Nebraska territory
243. After the Compromise of 1850, which occurred for
the first time since 1820?
A. The North held more seats in the House of
Representatives.
B. The North held more seats in the Senate.
C. The slave trade between states was stopped
D. Territory was admitted as a state.
E. The South held more capital than the North.
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250. One advantage the North did NOT hold going into the
Civil War was
A. a superior transportation system
B. more manpower
C. more qualified military leadership
D. a powerful navy
E. more wealth
256. The terms of the Crittenden Compromise were that
A. slavery must be extended to the territories
B. slavery would eventually be phased out
C. slavery would be allowed in Kansas and Nebraska
D. slavery would be allowed in all territory below the
36'30" line
E. slavery would only be allowed in the current slave
states
251. One reason the Know-Nothing party lost its political
importance is because
A. people despised their secret proceedings
B. prejudice against Catholics subsided
C. the Irish grew in power
D. the slavery question grew in urgency
E. nativism became unpopular
257. The caning of Charles Sumner demonstrated
A. the violent tendencies of Southerners
B. the crazed abolition of Northerners
C. the fighting superiority of the South
D. the zealous belief in slavery of the South
E. the weakness of Northern leaders
252. Franklin Pierce easily won election in 1852 because
A. the Democrats were aligned on the issue of slavery
B. he personally was essential in passing the
Compromise of 1850
C. he was a military hero
D. his main opposition party was splitting apart because
of slavery
E. Northerners supported all of his views
258. South Carolina's secession was a direct result of
A. John Brown's raid
B. the Kansas-Nebraska Act
C. the Freeport Doctrine
D. Lincoln's Election
E. the dissolving of the Democratic party
259. In response to Abraham Lincoln's claim that popular
sovereignty was inadequate because no territory could
prohibit slavery, Stephen Douglas issued the
"Freeport Doctrine," which claimed which of the
following?
A. The decision of the court is wrong and territories can
vote down slavery.
B. Popular sovereignty only need apply once a territory
becomes a state.
C. Popular sovereignty still applied in that slaveholders
would be ostracized by a majority which disagreed
with them.
D. Popular sovereignty applies because people could
exclude slavery by not passing special slave laws.
E. Popular sovereignty was inadequate and slavery must
now be banned in the territories.
253. The effect of Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom’s
Cabin was that it
A. insisted that Americans must free the slaves
B. instructed Northerners to go to war for abolition
C. falsely depicted the plantation system
D. played on people's sympathies
E. ignited the South to admit the harshness of slavery
254. "Bleeding Kansas" described
A. Civil War skirmishes which occurred on the Western
front in Kansas
B. outlaw battles in Dodge City
C. violence between Americans and Native Americans
on the fields of Kansas
D. fighting between anti- and pro-slavery forces in
Kansas
E. a health epidemic which killed many in Kansas
260. Although Douglas was reelected for his Senate seat in
1858, his hopes for the presidency were hurt because
A. the growing Republican Party was certain to win the
presidency
B. the Know-Noting party posed a threat to siphon too
many votes from Douglas' candidacy
C. his position on the Lecompton situation destroyed
Douglas' hopes of reuniting the Democratic party
D. his position among Northern Democrats dropped,
hurting his chance to be nominated
E. his speaking skills were no longer adequate to debate
with the other top tier candidates
255. John Brown's raid directly touched on one of the
greatest fears of Southerners which was that
A. slavery would be abolished
B. Britain would end trading with the South
C. the North would attempt to send more abolitionists
down to the South
D. slaves would revolt
E. the North would end slavery in the District of
Columbia
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261. The Republican Party was generally a one issue party
formed around which issue?
A. The abolition of slavery
B. The prevention of slavery in the territories
C. The removal of African-Americans to Africa
D. The abolition of slavery in the District of Columbia
E. The preservation of union
267. A person from which of the following states would be
most likely to vote for John Breckinridge?
A. New Hampshire
D. Wisconsin
B. Missouri
E. North Carolina
C. Delaware
268. One important impact of the rise of the railroads in
the 1840s and 1850s is that
A. labor practices improved
B. the South became modernized
C. the far West was linked the East
D. they helped create a nationwide market
E. agriculture was diversified
262. The Republican Party became a major power in
American politics despite the fact that
A. a very small amount of people supported confining
slavery to the territories
B. the South controlled all major parties up until then
C. nearly all its power resided in the North
D. former Whigs refused to join
E. the Democrats were unified on the issue of slavery
269. The importance of the Gadsden Purchase was that it
A. gave America an important port
B. put America in control of a river needed to ship crops
C. was a likely route for a railroad
D. became an important battleground during the Civil
War
E. remained a point of contention with Mexico
263. People from which states would be most likely to vote
for the Constitutional Union Party?
A. Pennsylvania and New York
B. Florida and Texas
C. California and Michigan
D. Kentucky and Maryland
E. Louisiana and Ohio
270. In order to combat the threat of secession in
Maryland, President Lincoln
A. persuaded Maryland's leaders that it was in their
interest to stay
B. allowed Maryland residents to keep their slaves
C. suspended the writ of habeas corpus
D. gave Maryland government bonds
E. promised Maryland the end of the intercontinental
railroad
264. The Republicans nominated Abraham Lincoln
President in 1860 because
A. he was their most well-known candidate
B. they thought they had no chance to win, and did not
want to have a top candidate lose
C. he came from a large state
D. they did not want to nominate someone too radical
because they felt confident to win
E. the leading candidate resigned due to scandal
271. The Union's Conscription Act in 1863 aggravated
many working class Northerners because
A. they did not believe that blacks deserved any rights
B. they did not believe it was worth fighting against the
South
C. it allowed the rich to avoid the draft
D. they believed the Union government was conspiring
against them
E. they believed the North could not win with Lincoln
as president
265. The Democrats could not reach a consensus in either
their Baltimore or South Carolina conventions
because
A. Stephen Douglas could not win a majority of the
delegates
B. the Buchanan faction supported Douglas, but the
Southerners did not
C. they could not agree on a platform protecting the
international slave trade
D. they could not agree on a platform demanding federal
protection of slavery in the territories
E. the leading candidate, Stephen Douglas was forced to
resign due to scandal
272. One advantage the North held over the South when
the Civil War began was
A. a more politically experienced leader
B. more talented military leadership
C. the opportunity to fight on the defensive
D. more capability to produce weapons
E. familiarity with the terrain
266. A "fire-eater" was
A. a fierce Northern abolitionist
B. a free black
C. a Western pioneer who fought Native Americans
D. an extreme pro-slavery Southerner
E. a poor Southern white
273. Andrew Johnson was chosen to be Abraham Lincoln's
running mate in 1864 because
A. he supported all of Lincoln's policies
B. he was an abolitionist
C. he was a loyal Democrat from the South
D. he was from a state needed to win the election
E. he had the most experience of any candidate
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274. "Copperheads" were
A. Northerners who moved South after the war
B. Northern fanatical abolitionists
C. Bandits in the West
D. Native Americans who fought for the Union
E. Northerners who opposed the war
280. Poor Southerners were enraged over which act of the
Confederacy?
A. Hyperinflation which put them further in debt
B. The decision to seek British help
C. Allowing homes with over 20 slaves an exemption
from the draft
D. The decision to attack Pennsylvania
E. The decision to allow slaves to fight
275. One difference between the Confederacy's
Constitution and the United States Constitution is that
A. The Confederacy's Constitution allows the President
to serve unlimited six year terms, as opposed to the
four year terms in the United States' Constitution.
B. The United States Constitution allows for judicial
branch, while the Confederacy's does not
C. The Confederacy's Constitution calls for the slave
trade to begin again
D. The Confederacy's Constitution specifically mentions
state sovereignty
E. The U.S. Constitution forbids slavery in the North
281. The three parts of Winfield Scott's Anaconda Plan
were
A. naval blockade, Mississippi River campaign and
capturing Richmond
B. naval blockade, capture of Savannah, and the
elimination of Jefferson Davis
C. capture of Savannah, pro-Union sympathizers
overthrowing the secessionists, and arming the slaves
D. arming the slaves, Mississippi River campaign, and a
naval blockade
E. capture of Savannah, pro-Union sympathizers
overthrowing the secessionists, and the capture of
Mobile
276. A problem the South faced after issuing paper
currency is that
A. Southern merchants were unsure which currency to
accept
B. Southern soldiers refused to accept Confederate
currency
C. too much currency was issued
D. interest rates fell dramatically
E. debtors could not pay their creditors
282. The Confederacy believed that France and Britain
would intervene on their behalf because
A. they wanted to see a divided and thus weakened
United States
B. they needed cotton for their factories
C. they agreed with the pro-slavery position of the South
D. they needed to unload products on the Southern
market
E. they wanted revenge on the North
277. One reason the Confederate government was unable
to be as effective as possible was
A. inexperienced leadership
B. poor military leadership
C. reluctance to give power to a strong central
government
D. reluctance to make drastic economic changes to
finance the South
E. faithlessness in its army
283. The first major engagement of the Civil War was at
A. Fort Sumter
D. Chancellorsville
B. Bull Run
E. Antietam
C. Fredericksburg
284. The first Battle of Bull Run demonstrated that
A. the Union had a far more effective army
B. Jefferson Davis was an incompetent president
C. the war would be longer than previously thought
D. the Union's transportation advantage would tip the
scales in the Union's favor
E. the South could easily hold back the Union army
278. By 1864, the situation of the South was so dire that
President Jefferson Davis was forced to consider
A. using African-Americans in Confederate armies
B. raising tariffs
C. fighting with Mexico
D. demoting General Lee
E. forcing slave overseers into the army
285. The battle between the Monitor and Merrimac
represented
A. a huge naval victory for the South
B. a demonstration of the extreme naval power of the
Union
C. a show of a new technological innovation of the war
D. an example of the advantage of the South on their
home terrain
E. an example of why the South needed interference
from the British
279. One important cause for desertion in the Army of the
Confederacy towards the end of the war was
A. the belief that they could not defeat the North
B. lack of faith in their military leadership
C. distrust between the soldiers
D. the scarcity of food and consumer goods
E. the widespread rebellion of slaves
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286. General McClellan was unable to defeat Lee soundly
at Antietam because
A. he had fewer men
B. his supply line was weak
C. he was unable to predict Lee's plans
D. he was too cautious
E. he was unable to predict the amount of men Lee had
293. The term "total war" describes
A. Sherman's policy of destroying everything in order to
show civilians the impact of the war
B. The envelopment of the Civil War from the Eastern
front in Northern Virginia to the Western fronts in
Tennessee and Louisiana and skirmishes in the far
West
C. General Winfield Scott's original plan to destroy the
Confederacy
D. Lincoln's strategy as listed in the Gettysburg Address
E. the extreme number of casualties in the Civil War on
both sides
287. The Battle of Antietam was
A. a sound victory for the Union
B. where George McClellan proved himself as a General
C. a strategic mishap for Lee
D. a missed opportunity for the North
E. where Stonewall Jackson made a name for himself
294. One reason for issuing the Emancipation
Proclamation was that Lincoln wanted to
A. get the support of Northern abolitionists
B. get the support of Northern Democrats
C. get support from Northern public opinion
D. get support from foreign public opinion
E. enrage the South further
288. An important result of Gettysburg is that
A. Lee would never again attack the North
B. the Union army would not sustain any more losses
C. the Union army would now dominate the war in the
West
D. the Confederate Army lost faith in Lee as a
commander
E. Stonewall Jackson was fatally wounded
295. In order to ease the adjustment for freed slaves,
Congress created
A. the Freedman's Bureau
D. the 13th amendment
B. the NAACP
E. the 10 percent plan
C. the Office of Black Affairs
289. The Battle of Gettysburg is notable because
A. it is widely regarded as the turning point for the
union
B. it was the bloodiest battle of the war
C. it featured the last time J.E.B. Stuart would fight
D. it showcased the first time a Union general who
would be able to attack the South aggressively
E. it was the battle that forced Jefferson Davis to resign
his office
296. The 13th amendment
A. prohibited slavery
B. gave blacks the right to vote
C. defined citizenship rights
D. was passed without the support of any Southern
states
E. was passed without the support of President Johnson
290. The campaign at Vicksburg was important because it
A. gave the Union complete control of the Mississippi
River
B. gave the Union control of New Orleans
C. began the philosophy of ' 'total war"
D. was the bloodiest battle of the war
E. demonstrated why the South had fought better in the
war
297. Abraham Lincoln's policies towards rebuilding the
South
A. were very lenient towards the South
B. were very stringent regarded blacks' rights in the
South
C. made it difficult for states to rejoin the union
D. were agreed upon by Congress
E. were endorsed by Jefferson Davis
291. William Sherman's goal in destroying everything he
found in the South was to
A. destroy revenue producing items for the South
B. show Southerners that continued war would mean
ruin for them
C. crush the Southern economy
D. destroy the post-war lives of Southerners as
punishment
E. assist his men in boosting their morale
298. Lincoln's Ten Percent Plan stipulated that
A. ten percent of Southerners must declare their loyalty
to the Union in order to regain statehood
B. ten percent of Southerners would be allowed to vote
C. ten percent of slaves would be colonized in Africa
D. ten percent of Confederate money would be
converted to American dollars
E. ten percent of the Southern army join the American
army
292. One party which pushed Abraham Lincoln to make
the Emancipation Proclamation was
A. working class whites D. Radical Republicans
B. Copperheads
E. poor Southerners
C. Democrats
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299. Radical Republicans such as Thaddeus Stevens
objected to Lincoln's policies because
A. they did not promise slaves freedom
B. they gave the South back their electoral votes
C. they did not end the South's cotton empire
D. they counted slaves as 3/5 citizens
E. they did not sufficiently restructure Southern society
305. Immediately after the Civil War, the South used
which practice to keep restrictions on AfricanAmericans?
A. Jim Crow laws
D. Blue laws
B. Yellow dog laws
E. Black lists
C. Black codes
306. During Reconstruction, Congress divided the South
into five regions, each with a governor granted neardictatorial powers, through the
A. Homestead Act
D. Army Act
B. Military Reconstruction Act E. 15th amendment
C. Extension of powers of the Freedman's Bureau
300. The Radical Republicans' reconstruction plan was
justified by
A. the refusal of Southerners to cooperate with Andrew
Johnson's reconstruction plan
B. the economic woes in the South resulting from the
loss of the cotton market to places like Egypt and
India
C. the economic problems in the North due to lack of
new markets in which to sell goods
D. pressure on the United States by Great Britain and
France to deal with the South
E. the urgent situation in Mexico
307. "Scalawags" were
A. recently freed blacks who supported Reconstruction
policies
B. Northern democrats who thought radical
Reconstruction policies were too harsh
C. Northerners who moved down South to participate in
Reconstruction governments
D. Southerners who supported the Reconstruction
regime
E. Southerners who moved West after their property
was destroyed in the Civil War
301. The Congressional Reconstruction plan, passed over
the veto of President Johnson, included all of the
following EXCEPT
A. Military Reconstruction Act
B. Civil Rights Act
C. Extension of the powers of the Freedman's Bureau
D. 16th amendment
E. 13th amendment
308. Reconstruction ended primarily because
A. the Radical Republicans lost power
B. the Southern radicals were too powerful to overcome
C. the Radical Republicans accomplished everything
they wanted to accomplish
D. Southern blacks were powerful enough to stand on
their own
E. the North lost interest due to other events
302. Andrew Johnson was impeached by the House of
Representatives for
A. violating the Tenure of Office Act
B. violating the Military Reconstruction Act
C. refusing to pass the 14th amendment
D. refusing to allow Salmon P. Chase to become Chief
Justice
E. refusing to sign the Army Act
309. By 1876, the process of Reconstruction could be
considered
A. an unqualified success
B. generally a success, with a few failures caused by
Southern aggression and refusal to modernize
C. generally a failure, with a few important
developments such as the 14th amendment
D. an ongoing process which would continue until the
end of the century
E. a process that had approximately an equal number of
successes and failures
303. After barely surviving an impeachment trial by the
Senate, Andrew Johnson
A. became a stronger and more powerful President
B. acquiesced to the desires of the Radical Republicans
C. pushed for a new Supreme Court justice
D. campaigned for a second term as president as a
Republican
E. became even more lenient on the South
310. "Waving the bloody shirt" was
A. a Ku Klux Klan tactic to scare black voters
B. a Union army tactic to garner support and raise
morale
C. a Republican tactic to equate Democrats with the
Confederacy
D. a Confederate tactic to incite supporters to join the
army
E. a Copperhead tactic to draw the North out of the war
304. Radical Republicans were aggravated with President
Andrew Johnson because he
A. was a Southern sympathizer
B. was incapable of getting things done
C. supported a reconstruction plan similar to that of
Lincoln
D. did not want blacks to vote
E. believed abolition was unnecessary
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311. The Compromise of 1877 contained all of the
following EXCEPT
A. the end of Reconstruction
B. Democrats concede the election
C. Rutherford B. Hayes becomes president
D. the remaining federal troops were withdrawn from
the South
E. the silver standard would be reinstated
"The brave men, living and dead who struggled here have
consecrated it far above our poor power to add or detract.
The world will little note nor long remember what we say
here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us
the living rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished
work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly
advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the
great task remaining before us—that from these honored
dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which
they gave the last full measure of devotion--that we here
highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain,
that this nation under God shall have a new birth of
freedom, and that government of the people, by the people,
for the people shall not perish from the earth."
312. Although Democratic candidate Samuel Tilden won
the popular vote in 1876, he did not win the electoral
vote because
A. He won by large majorities in states which he won
B. twenty electoral votes were disputed in Southern
states
C. the Republican tactic of waving the bloody flag was
successful
D. he did not take a single state outside of the former
Confederacy
E. blacks voted heavily against him
315. The quotation above is from which document?
A. Abraham Lincoln's Inauguration Speech
B. Emancipation Proclamation
C. Declaration of Independence
D. Daniel Webster's response in the Webster-Hayne
Debate
E. Gettysburg Address
Speaker A: If we are going to readmit the Southern states,
they should be punished and forced to respect the
citizenship of former slaves.
316. Which of the following American politicians would
have agreed with the last lines of this quotation?
A. Alexander Hamilton
D. Herbert Hoover
B. Thomas Jefferson
E. Ronald Reagan
C. John Marshall
Speaker B: The South should be forgiven instead of
punished. If ten percent of a Southern state's voters
proclaimed their loyalty to the Union, then that state
should be admitted.
"With malice toward none, with charity for all, with
firmness in the right as God gives us to see the right, let us
strive on to finish the work we are in, to bind up the
nation's wounds, to care for him who shall have borne the
battle and for his widow and his orphan, to do all which
may achieve and cherish a just and lasting peace among
ourselves and with all nations."
313. What is an example of Reconstruction legislation that
advocated the point of view of Speaker A?
A. Tenure of Office Act
B. Morrill Land Grant Act
C. Ten Percent Plan
D. Homestead Act
E. Wade-Davis Bill
317. This quotation expresses the views of which
prominent politician towards the end of the Civil War?
A. Robert E. Lee
D. Thaddeus Stevens
B. Jefferson Davis
E. Andrew Johnson
C. Abraham Lincoln
314. What politician supported the point of view of
Speaker B?
A. Thaddeus Stevens
D. Edwin Stanton
B. Charles Sumner
E. Andrew Johnson
C. William Seward
318. At the end of the Civil War, what was the speaker's
opinions about how to resolve the conflict between the
states as this quotation suggests?
A. Southern states should never reconcile and should
maintain its independence.
B. If Southern states wanted to reenter the Union, they
would be welcome.
C. Southern states should pay war reparations if it anted
to be readmitted into the Union.
D. The Northern and Southern states should become one
again so that the United States could pursue
imperialistic interests.
E. The South would only join the North if the union
permitted slavery
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