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AP World History
AP World History Exam
Regional Outline Tables
AP World History
Name ________________________
Period ________________________
Date _________________________
“The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.” --- Winston
Churchill
Regional Outline for: Sub-Saharan Africa
8000 – 600 CE
600 – 1450 CE
1750 – 1914 CE
1914 - Present
Re-colonization of Africa;
Sierra Leone, Liberia ;
coastal kingdoms ruled by
warlords/merchants;
intertribal war; Revolutions;
White Man’s Burden
End of Atlantic Slave
Trade Islamic states of
West Africa still trade
slaves; rely on slave trade
more; economic slump
Decolonization of Africa;
attempt at representative
government; involved in
WWII; renewed independence
efforts civil war, government
corruption; socialism
Demographic shifts; more
males in the slave trade than
females (females traded
more in the East coast);
depopulated
Rapid population growth
Spanish Flu (global
epidemic); clear black
majority making
decolonization easier
(apartheid in South Africa)
Hellenistic thought,
science/math
manioc, maize, sweet
potatoes (from America);
technology suffered due to
slave trade
Industrialization; guns,
textiles, alcohol (importance
of foreign imports);
Enlightenment
Slow technological
development due to
colonization, mercantilism,
internal instability; miners; no
money for industrial goods
after WWI; oil (Nigeria)
Pyramids, temples,
hieroglyphics
Linguistic, architectural, artistic
version of Christianity;
calligraphy, Mosques, minarets
Islamic art/architecture,
paper making; arts suffered
due to slave trade
Christian/ Islamic arts ;
literary/ artistic forms of the
west
Western artistic forms,
religious art, native art
(export)
Geography—protected,
unique civilization, not as
urban as Mesopotamia, Nile
river
Islamic urban center, Bantu
Migrations, trade centers,
Trans-Saharan trade route
Part of Triangular Trade
(with Europe and America);
beginnings of European
exploration ; Kongo, Benin,
Mali, Songhay
Open to foreign takeover
due to economic slump;
colonized by Europe
Decolonization new
sovereign nations
Polytheism , afterlife
(mummification), Book of
the Dead
Islam , Christianity in Ethiopia
and Egypt, animistic,
syncretism,
Islam, Christianity,
animism, ancestor
worshipsyncretism
Islam, Christianity,
animism, ancestor
worshipsyncretism
Islam, Christianity,
animism, atheists
1450-1750 CE
Politics
Pharaoh/queen (living
incarnation of sun god),
internal disorder, invasions
(900 BCE), irrigation
Kingship legitimized by Islam,
‘People of The Book’, Bantu
(stateless societies)
leaders cooperated with
slave traders; monarchy
Economy
Trade with Kush and
Mesopotamia, agricultural
villages engaged in trade.
Trade, with Islam as unifying
factor, trans-Saharan trade
routes; Ghana (gold), Mali;
gold, salt, honey, slaves, ivory,
imports, trade with Byzantine
Empire, agriculture
Triangular Trade/ TransAtlantic Slave Trade; guns
traded for slaves; slave trade
with Mediterranean world
Social
Class/Gender
Patriarchal, but women
manage household, own
property, regents of rulers,
priestesses, scribes, can
divorce, high priest class
Merchants valued; patriarchal
society, rich women more
restricted; Islamic law, ‘People
of the Book’, religious
tolerance, class centered around
age group
Science/Inventions Hieroglyphics, bronze tools,
papyrus, 365 day calendar,
medicine, math, astronomy,
iron
Art/Architecture
Empire
Religion
Globalized economies;
mercantilism in former
colonies; poverty stricken
countries; international debt
Regional Outline: East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam)
8000 – 600 CE
Dynasties with emperorsmandate of heaven
Start of
bureaucracy/meritocracy
600 – 1450 CE
Japan borrowed from China
Increased bureaucracy
Tributary system
Constant threat from North
Prince Shotoku then
daimyos
1450-1750 CE
Fall of Ming from
internal/external - Manchu
Japan: Warring States
Period to Tokogawa
Shogunate
Centralized rule
1750 – 1914 CE
Abdication of Qing,
unification of China
Fight for control with Mao
Japan: abolishes feudalism,
Civil code, regional govs
Nationalism = huge force
Economy
Lots of money flowing in
from Silk Roads
Otherwise agricultural
Paper money
Credit or “flying money”
High taxes cause peasant
revolts
Serfs bound to land
Provide labor for
plantations/mines
Meiji Restoration- quickly
industrialized in Japan
Social Class/Gender
Patriarchal
Confucian principles
Women only power in
court
Scholars/officials 
military  artisans
Few live in cities
Iron Age
Modernized army
Paper, accurate
sundials/calendars,
agriculture improvements
(plow)
Brush painting
Palaces
Code of Bushido- chivalry
Women lost freedom in
Japan
China: trade with
Europeans in Qing
Japan: manufacturing,
merchant class get wealth
and power , urbanization,
population growth
Foreigners allowed in China
Manchus higher than
Chinese
Japan: hierarchy becomes
unbreakable, samurai at top
lower class women more
free – upper obey or die
Gunpowder more prevalent
Globalization of trade
Artistic styles change more
rapidly and radically than
ever before
Empire
Collapse of empires in
China from internal
problems – economic
depression, natural
catastrophe, social unrest
Mongol empires – conquer
China, but fail in Japan 
replaced by Ottoman Turks
and Ju Yuanzahng of Ming
dynasty
Religion
Polytheism, animism
ancestor worship
Confucianism, Legalism
Daoism, also spread of
Buddhism from India
Buddhist missionaries
Shinto religion
Influenced by monotheistic
religions
Neo- Confucian thought
Japan: kabuki theatre
replaces restrained drama,
Woodblock prints = art
form, borrowed Korean
ceramics and western oil
painting
Japan empire centralized
Fall of the Manchu empire
Interaction with west =
China – relatively isolated,
Japan- periods of isolation
and acceptance
New sects of Buddhism
from China to Japan
Neo- Confucianism increase
(ethnocentric, historicism,
rationalism)
Politics
Science/Inventions
Art/Architecture
Gunpowder for military
Boasts = junks
Navigation/block printing
Iron production
Agriculture technique 
population  cities
Infrastructure (roads, inns,
postal stations)
Japan: haiku, pencil
sketches, ink sketches, Noh
drama, tea ceremony
Rigid Tokogawa hierarchy
ended
Middle class grows power
Lower classes- horrible
conditions, taxed a lot
British introduced opium to
China
Westernization of Japan
- steamships/railroads
Communication revolution
The fall of China – opium
wars, internal rebellions,
external lasses, Boxer
Rebellion
Japanese imperialismTaiwan, Korea, Russia
Scientific/secular world
becomes dominant
1914 - Present
Decolonization from Europe
Nominally democratic
Tensions- China and West
USSR/China split
Birth of Chinese Republic
Japan: parliamentary
capitalism
Modernization of Japan,
Taiwan, South Korea
Post- industrial/high-tech
Less affected by global
depression
Need natural resources
Slow to embrace/tolerate
diversity and individualism
High degree/variety social
services
Rise of feminism- suffrage
Women went worked WWII
Foot binding outlawed
Atomic bombs
Nuclear weaponry
Militarism in Japan
Computer, internet,
biotechnology and genetic
science
Theme for lit- resisting US
New style= cubism
Movie industry
Use of concrete and glass
New skepticism
Japan- WWII- invades
Manchuria, China, Siberia –
taking over Southeast Asia,
Bomb Pearl Harbor – brings
US into war  atomic
bomb  US occupies Japan
Religious fundamentalism
Western appreciation for
science spread
8000 – 600 CE
600 – 1450 CE
Politics
Religion based
Hierarchal system
Delegation of
responsibility
Bureaucratic
codification
6th century Justinian
rule – restore Rome
Mongol invasion 12371241
- Russia divided into
small kingdoms
Tartars control
- left day to day control
to locals
Economy
Byzantine empire
Most important
western terminal of the
Silk Road
Constantinople located
on important trade
routs
Social
Class/Gender
Serfdom began in
Middle Age
Original sin devalues
women
Trade lapsed under
Tartars
North-south commerce
never returned
Moscow – trade, tribute
collector
Most part, remained
agricultural
Trades with nomadic
people
Influx of jews
Monogamy replaced
polygamy
Fairly free farmers
Boyars-aristocrats-less
political power
Science
Inventions
Art
Architecture
Hagia Sophia
Mosaic
Religion based
Ornate churches
Icons, illuminated
manuscripts
Religious art vs. local
music, street performers
& theater
Empire
Byzantine Empire
Religion
Animist – gods of sun,
thunder, wind and fire
Kievan Rus
could not replicate
Byzantine
Kievan decline – rival
princes set up regional
governments
Rapid decline of
Byzantium
Vladimir I convert to
Christianity
forced conversion
Splendor of Orthodox
religious ceremonies
Regional Outline for Eastern Europe
1450-1750 CE
1750 – 1914 CE
1914 - Present
Ivan III/IV Free from Mongols – 1480
Empire expanded eastward
Russia – centralization of
authority
Peter the Great – St. Petersburg
as capital
Parliamentary government
Secret police
First Russian navy
Key economy bound to
agriculture
Devalued merchant class
Limited commercial exchange
Systemized tax system
Metallurgy and mining
Economics funded military
Russia – tsar continued to be all powerful
Prussia – remained militaristic and
authoritarian
Duma created, but no real power
Local rulers – zemstvoes regulate roads,
schools
Military officers based on meritocracy
Tsarist regime falls apart
Army in full retreat
USSR formed – collapses following cold war
Soviet troops occupy all of eastern Europe
Gorbachev tries to reform
frees E. European nations
updated authoritarian structure in reality
Backward position in trade
Exported some grain to W. Europe
Trade deficit lessened by increasing serf
output, not improving industry
- realizes the need to industrialize
But sill doesn’t want to be materialistic
COMECON
Economies nationalized
Collectivization under state planned control
Soviet welfare system
Focus on heavy industry
Lenin’s New economic policy
Russia-five year plan
Feudalism
Peter the Great encourages
serfdom
Women and nobles forced to
dress in western fashions
Men shaved beards – denial of
Mongol tradition
Power to upper class women
Focus on Serfs-cheap labor
force impeded invention or
new scientific ideas
John Desarguliers builds first
steam engine outside England
Not part of Renaissance due to
illiterate Mongols
Architecture of city done by
serfs
Romanov Policy
- Italian artists/architects to
work on churches/palaces
Connection to Byzantine
Empire
- married niece of emperor
Expansion – fought Ottoman
Empire
Fall of Byzantine Empire
(1453)
Emancipating serfs 1861
-but most indebted, life doesn’t improve
Increased literacy
Some upper class women have access to
new careers
Pogroms against Jews
Muslim population growth
Lenin’s New Economic Policy gave freedom to
small businesses, peasant landowners – more
power
Education started to spread – literacy
Western machinery imported
Outdated agricultural methods – hard to
compete
Mendel and some peas, Pavlov and his dog
Beginning of some arts flourish
-Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Tchaikivsky
Nationalist pride through dictionaries,
histories, folktales, music
Cold War – Arms race, space race Scientists
highly respected
Research heavily funded
Direction/research determined by government –
want applied science
Art-attacked western style
Classical arts
Literature walked line of angering government –
still discussed patriotism/Russian
Feudal Kingdoms in Poland and Baltic
States. Russian Empire dominated as well.
Southeastern Europe was part of the
Ottoman Empire.
Greece becomes independent of Ottoman
Empire. After World War I, Eastern European
countries become satellite states of the Soviet
Union.
Russification – all Russians had to convert
to Orthodoxy
Soviet schools taught religion as myth under
Stalin
No church service to under 18
Orthodox Christianity moved
to Moscow
Romanov family – state
control over Russian Orthodox
Church
Religion allowed to
have vernacular
languages
Regional Outline for Latin America
8000 – 600
CE
1750 – 1914 CE
1450-1750 CE
-
The leaders are related to
divinity (priests)
Hierarchal system
- Arrival of Cortes (1518)
- Annihilates existing political
system
- Codified laws
- Colonization
- Implement own government
(Europeans immigrate)
- Religion (Catholic) plays a
strong influence in gov’t
Economy
-
Little trade
Internally based
Mostly agriculture
Large marketplaces
- improved technology
- dependent
- Europe sucks natural
resources/profits
- monoculture
Social
Class/Gender
-
priests rules
hierarchal
patriarchal (though women
appreciated)
Cortes – trading
Encomiendas
Haciendas
Trade of crops
Brought beasts of burden 
improved agriculture
- more hierarchal (by race)
- depreciation of women
(European influence)
Science/Inventions
-
Calendar
No wheels
Road system
Chinampas
Art/Architecture
-
Ziggurats
Religion-based
Empire
-
Aztecs
Incas
Mayans
Toltecs, etc.
- decimated (guns, germs,
steel)
- Iberian rule
-
Religion
-
Animism
Polytheism
Worship of nature, etc.
-
- Christianity heavily encouraged
Politics
-
600 – 1450
CE
-
- Continued hierarchy
- New castes created (creoles,
mestizos )
- medical advances (longer life
- primitive anesthesia
span)
- tools for probing, incision, organ
- Wheel brought in (levers,
extraction
pulleys)
- blood letting
- Brought in writing system
- transfer of European
(for Incan empire)
inventions/influenced
- Western/religion (Christian based) art
- Mix of original Spanish and Western art
West considered Gods
Lose belief in previous Gods
West brought Christianity
Influenced (little syncretism:
superstitions created)
Spanish/Portuguese empire
Treaty of Tordesillas (1949)
Portuguese King moves to Brazil
Some French influence
1914 - Present
- Decolonization
- Majority rules
- Series of juntas/dictatorships
-
Europe cannot maintain
Monoculture
Difficulty industrializing
Heavily dependent on natural
resources (Venezuela)
-
Society opens up
More egalitarian
Some meritocracy
Existing racism
-
innovation continued
beginning industrialization
extracting natural resources
science/inventions gotten through trade
- Combination of European, indigenous,
and Christian arts.
- split into many countries
- General Boliva: legacy of anti
American, influenced many countries
- No strong institutions due to
dependency
- Atheism agnostics increased
- Legacy of Catholicism
- Society more free to choose religion
Regional Outline for Mediterranean
8000 – 600 CE
600 – 1450 CE
1750 – 1914 CE
1914 - Present
- Unification of Italy – Victor
Emmanuel (1870) (helped by
Revolution of 1848) - Italy
before (mid 1800s): foreign
controlled small kingdoms
– power of nationalism
- Iberian colonies freeing selves
- Italy: Triple Alliance
- N. Italy industrializes
- Portuguese coastal settlements
(esp. India), and quite harsh
w/ African colonies
- Italy – not really colonizing
(humiliating loss to Ethiopia)
WWI - Conflict in Balkans
Italy changes sides for alliances
– want N territories controlled
by Austria (later got some,
but not all they wanted)
Interwar – Fascist Italy,
Mussolini – aggression
* no absolutes!
Interwar period – global econ
crisis
Fascists want to protect
enterprise
Economic Globalization – Italy
in G-8
Women: some movement to
equality (esp.
industrialization)
- also w/ indus.: changes in
classes (rise of middle)
Fascists (unlike Communists)
don’t want to eliminate
private property, class
distinctions
Women: roles changed during
war - suffrage
- (Muslims) Preserved past –
added to math and science
- Navigational tech
- Scientific Revolution
Many associated w/
Industrial Revolution
Mussolini – attempts to
modernize Italy (brought
medicine/tech to
backward parts)
-Greek Orthodox Church:
Blend of Greek & Roman
elements
Domes
Icons
Cathedrals – Romanesque,
Gothic
- Exploration/colonization
ensured spread of culture
- Renaissance (esp. Italy) Humanism
Artists experimented with
new styles
New literary trends
(Romanticism, realism)
Media used for propaganda
(e.g. for war) –
Advertisements
More new styles (cubism)
- Byzantine
- 800 CE Holy Roman
Empire starts in West
- Greece/Rome essentially
forgotten
- Weakening of Byzantine
Byzantine = Greek Orthodox
Church
West = Roman Catholic Church
(1054 Great Schism)
Spain –ties w/ Catholic church
Spanish Inquisition for heretics
Protestant Reformation/
Catholic Reformation
Splitting into different
countries (e.g. new nation
of Italy)
Greece, Egypt launch
independence movements
Eastern Question – decline of
Ottoman
Mostly continuities – e.g.
Scientific Rev. challenged
aspects of Roman Catholicism,
but people learned to be both
Spanish Civil War (training
ground for new weapons) –
not so directly involved in
WW
No longer a unifying empire,
but separate countries
– hard to make generalizations
Now most of the area = Roman
Catholic, but some Eastern
Churches (Orthodox, etc), some
Sunni Muslim
1450-1750 CE
- Persian Empire: governors
and law code
- Greece: city states (Athenian
democracy)
- Roman Republic (510 - 23
BCE): Senate/Assembly
-Roman Empire (23 BCE – 576
CE): bureaucrats
Trade – among Med (1st
controlled by Phoenicians/
Greeks), and also with Africa
(Trans-Saharan) and Silk
Roads (connected to China)
-necessary b/c large scale
agriculture impossible
Classes:
- citizens (adult males)
- free people (no pol rights)
- noncitizens, slaves
or patricians, plebians, slaves
Women: inferior (marry in
teens) but role in religion
Medicine
Astronomy (Ptolemy)
Engineering (Roman roads,
aqueducts)
Philosophy
*slavery – applied sci behind
Byzantine: absolute
authority
Secular rulers
Justianian Code
Spain: Ferdinand + Isabella
(Christian North +
Muslim South) = nation
state
East Byzantine: trade
- at crossroads
- commercial, cultural
connections
- Byzantines not dominant
- Iberian wave of exploration
-start off strong, later replaced
by more W. Europe
- Got lots of wealth, but spent
just as quickly
- N. Italian city-states rich
- Women: Overall Europe
Printing press – Gutenberg
(1436): increased impact of
new ideas
1252: Gunpowder to Europe
-Muslims in Spain maintained
Greek/Roman learning
Art/Architecture
Classical – pillars, arches
- realistic human statues
- literature (Homer)
Rome borrowed from G
Empire
Alexander the Great
Collapse of Roman
-split into east and west
- internal/external factors
East Roman  Byzantine
(Justianian reconquest of N.
Africa, Italy, Spain coast)
Originally polytheistic
- Constantine: Edict of Milan
(313 CE) legal status to
Christianity
Politics
Economy
Social
Class/Gender
Science/Inventions
Religion
Serfdom
Women: domestic
participate in trade/craft
some awareness of
injustices
- limited opportunities
Regional Outline for Middle East
8000 – 600 CE
Politics
Economy
-city-state
- controlled city and
surrounding area
Trade
-great traders
-agricultural
600 – 1450 CE
1914 - Present
-Ottoman decline
-centralized, but
-not around economy
-Turkish state
-Sultan kicked out
Ataturk- father of the Turks
-Initially dominated trade
(beginning)
-Indian Ocean, African Coast
-Trade still go on
-no longer dominant
traders/master traders
Harems established
-female slaves, women had
some rights
Social Class: 1)Sultan
2)Gov’t Officials 3)Reg
Officials 4)General people
(peasants, Merchants..)
Military Tech
-canons, guns
-advanced medically
-Medicines
-Science- navigation tools,
atstronomy
Women
-stayed same, had some
property rights
-not really property of men
-hardly any rights
-devalued
WWI- join central power
(lost)
-“Attempted”
Industrialization
-Iran, Iraq- Oil supply (econ
based)
Women
-Even with pressure from
West. Stayed same
-negative effect, treatments
-still had to wear the clothes
to cover the whole body
-Affected by western science
-overtaken (no longer
dominant
-stayed isolated
-Fall of USSR
-start accepting west
influence
-Mosques
-Minarets
-Mosaics
Arts
-still had Mosques
-Minarets
-Mosaics
-styles still there, but
-due to decline of empire,
corruption, little time for art
“Sick man of Europe”
-decline of Ottoman Empire
-Balkans
-seeking independence
Arts
-still have, but not much
developments
improvements
-Men work (more freedom)
-Women confined to home
-Slavery (owned slaves)
-from E.Africa
Education- more
opportunities
Women- married at puberty
- equal before Allah
Science/Inventions
-Independent innovations
-4000BCE Bronze, Copper
-Wheel, irrigation canals
-number system (from India,
improved)
-Navigation tools
Mathematics
-Algebra, Geometry…etc
Science -Objective
experiment
-classification
-navigation: astrolabe
improved
-Medicine
-Calligraphy, designs
-Minarets
-Mosques
-Literature
-Poetic works: Arabian
Nights”
Architecture
-Ziggurats
-glory of civilization
1750 – 1914 CE
Sultan
-Provincial gov’t
-centralized power
Social Class/Gender
Art/Architecture
1450-1750 CE
Caliphs
-political unrest
-succession
-problem
Islam-Theocratic Rulerscodified Islamic law
Participated in trade
-Trans Sahara Trade
-Silk Road/Route
-Indian Ocean Trade
Empire
Regional Kingdom
-Babylonians
-Acadians…etc
-Islamic
-regular civil wars
-1258 Mongols overran
Islamic empire
Ottoman Empire
-“Gunpowder Empire”
-Safavid Persia
Religion
-Polytheistic
-Animistic
-Many gods
Islam
-Suffi’s
-respect for Jews/Christians
-People of the book
Islam
-divided
-Sunni vs. Shi’a
Islam
-still the unifying force
-tensions between Sunni vs.
Shi’a still occur
-still tolerant of other
religions to some extent
Young Turks
-Secularization, sceiences
technology
-Iran vs Iraq
-Turkey formed
Islam
-more focused on religion
-tried to become like before
Regional Outline: Western Europe
8000 – 600 CE
600 – 1450 CE
1450-1750 CE
1750 – 1914 CE
1914 - Present
Politics
democracy (Greece),
republic (Rome),
Small feudal kingdoms
Decentralization
Holy Roman Empire,
Franks, English
Monarchies
Emerging nationalism
Emerging
constitutional
monarchies
rivalries between
nations strong
Experiments with
socialism, communism
Swing between right
and left wings
Economy
Trade within regions,
sometimes trade
through silk road
Manorialism
Self-sufficient
Some Trade
European exploration:
start of mercantilism
colonialism
Columbian Exch.
mercantilism really
took off
mass production of
goods
global trade
Globally
interconnected
Capitalism
Industrialized nations
better
Germanic tribes
Serfdom
Slaves, citizen, free
women inferior
Feudalism/ Chivalry
Power by land owners
Peasants tied to land
Hierarchical system
based on race and
ethnocentrism
women devalued
Enlightment ideas
gave women rise
end of slave trade
racism still exists
Feminism
Attempts to end racism
persecution jews,
minorities
meritocracy
Gutenberg – Printing
Press
Lateen Sails
Scientific Revolution
Navigation technology
Industrial Revolution
Assembly line, mass
production, technology
in general
nuclear power,
Internet,
Domed, ideal human
form, literary works,
such as Epic by Homer
Gothic style
Polyphonic music
Renaissance
Humanism
beginning of modern
art—abstract art,
cubism, impressionism
New uses of concrete
and glass, Movies,
Cubism
Greece, Rome
Holy Roman Empire
England, Iberia…
nation states emerge
Imperialism
always expanding and
colonizing
Empires broken up
colonies independent,
self determination
polytheism, animism
Roman Catholic
Protestant
reformation—
Calvinism, Anglican
Church,
Huguenots
Protestant religions
Better religious
tolerance
Social
Class/Gender
Science/Inventions Pythagoras, created
field of medicine
Art/Architecture
Empire
Religion
Regional Outline for the United States of America
Politics
Economy
Social Class/Gender
8000 – 600 CE
Decentralized tribes and
villages led of chiefs
-pastoral/hunter gather
societies- tribes
- agriculture- have lots of
great farmers, producing
their regional crops
600 – 1450 CE
Decentralized tribes and
villages led of chiefs
Even though less so
economy is still rather
localized agriculture
1450-1750 CE
Exploration/Colonization by
mostly northern European
nations (France, England,
Dutch)
-English colonial politics
based on strong local
government
Incorporation into global
trading network Beginning of
Columbian Exchange
(African slaves to southern
plantation, etc)
1750 – 1914 CE
Emergence of England as
preeminent colonial
powerAmerican
Revolution = 1776
(Confederation more
centralized presidential
democracy) Civil War
1800s = Initial
industrialization of textile
full fledged industrialization
-Tech spurred improvement
of infra
1914 - Present
Cold War (world =
ideological battlefield b/w
USSR and US) ‘Police
officer/Peace negotiator of
the world’
Now, based on European
social system: patriarchal
-Enlightenment ideas-push
for freedoms/rights of
women
-peasants, wealthy, nobility
Huge one-way technological
diffusion to Native
Americans from Europeans
Racism among peoples,
particularly toward African
Americans
-Industrialization = women’s
rights slowly ^
Acceleration of women’s
rights (suffrage, divorce,
economic rights,
Feminism) Greater civil
liberties (Civil Rights Movt)
Tech spurred improvement
in infrastructure (rail)
-Industrialization = new
technology
American regionalism,
expressionalism (Hopper,
Rockwell), and
abstractionism (O’Keefe,
Dove, Burchefield)
Expansionist domestic policy
(expansion into
West);Isolationist foreign
policy(Hesitant to enter
WWI)Spanish Am.
War=the US Empire
(Monroe Doctrine)
Christianity = prominent
religion Introduction of
new religions/beliefs by
immigrants (Judaism)
Various tech that improved
econ; Military weaponry
Physics (A-bomb) (Einstein),
Rocketry (Space race),
Computer (Internet
Architecture = steel  larger
building
Art New, independent
form of American writing,
movies, art, etc
WWIWWII (expansion b/c
of conflict w/ Axis)Cold
War (world = ideological
battlefield b/w USSR and
US) ‘Police officer/Peace
negotiator of the world’
matrilineal societies
matrilineal societies
For the most part, behind the
rest of the world (Cause:
geographical location =
independent invention)
Still behind for the same
reasons (Some astrological
technology diffused from
Mesoamerica)
Architecture: Crude, natural
materials for basic shelter
Art: If any, probably based
on nature
Moundbuilders of North
America (current day
Mississippi area)
European based art
(paintings, engravings) and
architecture
Empire
No empire- series of tribe
societies
fragmented regions, no
central authority to rule and
combine all areas together
yet
European colonial empires
(biggest = New England)
Religion
Most likely, animism
Animism
New religion/ religious fervor
(Pilgrims) / conversion
(missionaries)
Science/Inventions
Art/Architecture
Interwar Period = Great
Depression
(protectionism)Rebuilding
after WWIIEconomic
globalization
Christianity still dominant
Spread of other religions by
immigrants
Regional Outline: South Asia
8000 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.
Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro
Aryans (1500 BCE)
16 states
Then Maurya (321-185
BCE)
Central, powerful military
Then Gupta Empire (320 –
550 CE)
Central control w/ village
gov’ts
Active trade and
communication with Sumer
Ashoka (Maurya) promote
trade with rest areas for
travelers and Buddhist
missionaries
Trade with Mesopotamia –
Silk, cotton, elephants
Silk Road
Warrior aristocracy/
enslaved Dravidians
Arayans stratify class –
Varna – four classes
Patriarchal
Customs devalued women
More isolated – purdh
Pi, Zero, numerical system,
medicine, astronomy, plastic
surgery
600 C.E. – 1450 C.E.
Collapse of Delhi sultanate
in 1300’s
1450 C.E. – 1750 C.E.
Centralized under Mughal
1750 C.E. – 1914 C.E.
Mughal empire, Buhudar
Shahill sent into exile
Indian National congress
Ghandi
European influence
1914 C.E. - Present
Nationalism
Indian National
Congress
Push for independence
(finally get after WWII)
Indian Ocean trade and
Trade with Islamic World,
China, East Africa and
Persia
Traded: cotton, silk,
elephants, gems, cinnamon,
and salt
Thrived due to cotton trade
European traders
British East India Company
Globalization facilitate and
create greater trade across
the globe
Caste system
Patriarchal
Treatment of women better
under Akbar (initially) –
allowed widows to remarry
and intermarry between
Hindus and Muslims,
portray talents openly
Gunpowder technology
More racial based
Abolish inhumane cultural
traditions (Sati)
Still patriarchal w/ caste
system
European education
promotes science/ invention
Art/Architecture
Paintings, temples,
sculptures, courtyard
Elaborate toms built during
the Delhi Sultanate
Roads, railroads, canals
Empire
Indus/Mauryan
Empire/Gupta Empire
Delhi Sultanate
Religion
Hinduism…Buddhism
Islam,
Hinduism, Buddhism
Blended w/ Muslim
Arches, domes
Taj Mahal
Mughal
Gunpowder empire
Decline: due to opening to
foreign control
Islam, Buddhism… though
mostly Hindu
Improvement of British
railroads. Fast growing
economy focusing on
computer and
communication technology
Combination of traditional
Indian culture with Western
architecture
After civil war: India,
Pakistan, Bangladesh
become independent
countries
Muslim minority
Politics
Economy
Social Class/Gender
Science/Inventions
Introduced a new monetary
system.
British colony
Hindu, Islam, Buddhism,
Christianity (though not very
popular)
Thematic Outline for Gender Relations
Consider the Following: Inheritance, Infanticide, Rituals, Divorce, Marriage (Age), Suffrage, Leadership, Profession, Education, Religion (missionaries, deities, authority), Sexuality
8000 – 600 CE
600 – 1450 CE
1450-1750 CE
1750 – 1914 CE
1914 - Present
East Asia
China- patriarchal society,
emperor can have more than
1 wife.
Matrilineal before Shang
Dynasty.
Women able to gain
prestigious jobs, although
remain inferior to men. Can
Divorce and marry again.
Expected to provide sons.
Rome-Pater FamiliasCentered around eldest
Male. Women have
influence on family:
supervising family business
Greece-Patricians,
Plebeians, Slaves-had say in
religious rituals, married
early and virgin till marriage
NO INFORMATION
Japan- women live with
increased restrictions on
daily lives, obey husband or
face death.
Women educated at home.
Known as Warring Period
Queen mothers ran royal
house, kept relations with
foreign nations and
controlled marriage alliance.
Exploration & colonization
ensures spread of
Spanish/Portuguese
language, culture,
Catholicism
Russia- nobles adopt
Western European culture
thru language (some spoke
French) and dressing style,
but ordinary peoples remain
the same.
Mughal outlaw Sati,
encourage widows to
remarry, Hindu-Muslim try
for better relations.
Women=Aristocrats, able to
supply income (all castes)
Changes brought by
Europeans, Coloumbian
Exchange, slavery
encouraged, European
disease diminish Aztec and
Incan culture and peoples.
Harems-complex social
network, originally nonIslamic slaves/prisoners,
mothers had influence if son
represented in court-became
members of sultan’s
extended family
Women have little freedom,
society corrupted because of
Opium Trade leads to war
with British Empire in
Canton, Macau
Western Europe
China- Had growing number
of infanticide if child was
female. Males regarded as
lucky-Primo Geniture.
Wives and young girls had
foot binding.
Patriarchal society but
women could get power if
were upper class aristocrats
or monarchs/member of
royal family.
Industrial Revolution- Poor
women who had taken care
of home/worked in fields
shifted to
factories/sweatshops. More
and more children working
now, people moving to
cities, immigrants o US,
Australia
Emancipation of Serfs in
1861 brings massive
changes; Russia modernizes,
but changed precedent of
tsars because of unrest
among lower class.
British try to outlaw both
Sati and Caste System, still
both illegally continued.
Violence between Hindu
and Muslims also persist.
Boys + few girls educated
Social inequalities persist in
spite of laws against it,
People of mixed race,
Indians, blacks victims of
informal prejudice, slavery
continued into 19th Century
Merchants contribute to
expanding economy based
on trade with Europeans,
South Asians and East
Asians
Men and Women seem
almost equal-voting rights,
job interviews, and day-today rights. Can choose when
to get married and not
dependable on family to
make choices. Well
Educated- most prominent
place for women
Women still subordinate to
men; however, both are
required to work. Orthodox
Church doesn’t encourage
divorce. Both males and
females educated.
Still extremely patriarchal
but women can work + have
good jobs, expected to
provide sons. Not as
auspicious as male babies
Eastern Europe
South Asia
Women gained little rights
as “needed supervision”
from males
Patriarchal- Sati
Couldn’t own property
Latin America
No clear-cut indications;
however, most likely
patriarchal society based on
Latin American history.
Middle East
Men were hunters, women
were food gatherers. Ruled
by elite, rulers, priests, and
patriarchal society. Women
can gain power in courts,
priestesses, scribes, small
business
Women treated as inferior to
men, but could have say in
family life. Both men and
women work, mostly
agricultural style. Serfdom=
work for protection
Women remain subordinate
to men. Caste system
decides each person’s place
in society. Males educated if
Brahmin, women not
educated, worked at home.
Aztec/Inca ruled. Women
could become priestess or
work under the royal family.
Human Sacrifice common
for gods.
Women initially able to
conduct businesses and hold
certain jobs (Mohammad’s
Wife), Women don’t need to
veil themselves, divorce is
not tolerated
Rise of Feminism, more
than just legal equality and
right to vote (cultural and
economical), Cuban
government limits rights of
women: Communism
Laws still very religious
(Shari a) but some women
can have businesses, males
can have up to 4 wives if
they can provide substantial
lifestyle for each
Global Trade/Interactions
Consider the Following: Major players, dominant vs. dominated regions, how goods traded, technological innovations, what was traded (disease, ideology, religion, materials), role of
merchants, currency, routes, cultural exchange
East Asia
8000 – 600 CE
China: silk cloth; roads
constructed; Han-Silk Road
trading increased; Iron Age;
modernized army (iron
weapons, etc.); paper, accurate
sun dials/calendars, use of
metals, ox-drawn plow.
600 – 1450 CE
China controlled east
trading zone; traded: silk,
porcelain,& paper, military
tech, Buddhism, Islam,
Christianity; Japan traded:
silver; China refocused on
Indian Ocean trade in 15th
century; expeditions by
Zheng He; junks;
Mongols; Port of Canton;
Crusades; Hanseatic
League: trade monopoly
established; begins to
trade with Islamic world;
1450-1750 CE
China: many navigational
inventions[sternpost rudder,
lanteen sails, astrolabe,
magnetic compass]; relied on
regional trade; Japan:
prohibited foreign trade
1750 – 1914 CE
Opium Trade;1st China greatly
benefits from trade; China
opens up to Europe; Japan
industrializes; Japanese ports
open up (1854) b/c second
Perry expedition.
Industrialization
Trade no longer land based
only; Hanseatic League;
European exploration and
colonization; new navigational
technology utilized for voyages;
British East India Company;
stole info. From
Spanish/portuguese
European dominance of the
world; seized trading networks
from local/regional control.
Russia: forced to establish
agencies in Moscow/St. Pete;
traded primarily with nomads of
central asia; Ottoman Empire:
European traders formed
colonies with Constantinople;
dismissed western tech and
trade.
India encouraged to trade with
West but was more
preoccupied with imperial
expansion.
Exported grain to Europe for
western machinery; # 4 in steel
production;
Western Europe
Internal trade mostly; trade
&cultural diffusion by boat;
wine and olive products for
grain in Greece; barter system
replaced w/ money
system;Hellenism; roman
culture spread; rds. connected
to silk rd.
Eastern Europe
not much contact with the
outside world; traded very little
Hanseatic League: trade
monopoly established;
Mongol Empires;
crossroads of Europe and
Asia; didn’t have much
interest in Western goods;
South Asia
Indian Ocean Trade;
Mauryans: promoted trade; rds.
connected w/ Silk Rd.;
Buddhist missionaries sent out;
Guptas: “Arabic” # system,
inoculation of smallpox,
sterilization during surgery,
astronomy.
Didn’t trade much yet.
Indian kingdoms
controlled Middle trading
zone; ports in India;
trades: gems, elephants,
salt, cotton cloth &
cinnamon
Lots of roads; didn’t really
trade.
Exploration of Portugal; Spain
headed West-Columbus’s
voyage; Reconquista delayed
Spanish exploration; Vasco de
Gama, Dias, Ferdinand
Magellan; haciendas formed;
Great traders in Mesopotamia;
traded with Egypt some; Silk
Road Trade; trans-Saharan
trade; adopted Sumerian
beliefs;
Arabs dominated trade;
controlled western trading
zone; traded: textiles,
carpets, glass & Arabian
horses; Crusades; TransSaharan trade routes;
Colonies formed here by
western Europe. Traded with
West but more interested in
expanding empire;
Latin America
Middle East
Exclusive trade over India with
British East India Company;
increase of urbanization due to
British colonialism; roads and
canals built in; raw materials
exported to Britain, finished
materials imported back to
India;
LA trade increased
significantly; sugar, cotton,
cacao plantations, beef
exports-refrigerated boxcars;
used for natural resources.
Trade with Islamic world
decreased; dependent on
European imports; discovery of
oil gains lots of money.
1914 – Present
Japanese silk exports reduce;
rubber exports damaged;
China prospered during Global
trade; Vietnam: leading rice
exporter; Japan supplied food
&raw materials, cars,
electronics, etc; Korea: cheap
textiles;, steel, cars; Taiwan:
textiles; Singapore: 4th largest
port.
Surrenders export dominance
to US/Japan (WWI); Common
Market; US: huge exports;
creditor nation; food, wheat,
corn, fast food; NAFTA;
advertising= diffusion of
products and culture;
development of economic
unions;
Still agricultural & exports to W.
Europe; COMECON;
industrialization; cut off from
world trade because refusal to
join “Bretton Woods System”;
SW Asia joins in int’l drug
trade; cheap textiles; exports
clothing; became world’s
largest democracy
Great Depression kills export
economy; US=Cuba’s leading
trade partner ‘til 1959;
Columbia: int’l drug exchange;
Brazil: exotic woods; Mexico:
oil; Venezuela: member of
OPEC
Oil; westernization; ASEAN ;
joins int’l drug trade; migration;
Africa
Major
Themes/Turning
Points
East Africa linked to Southern
China through Indian Ocean
Trade; Trans-Saharan Trade:
use of camel/camel saddle;
exchange of salt and palm oil;
N. Africa supplied Rome with
olives, wheat, and wild animals;
Egyptian culture spread.
Silk Road; Iron Age
Islam spread; Mongols;
Trans-Saharan trade
routes; salt, gold, honey,
slaves, ivory (exports);
copper, horses, textiles,
figs, iron (imports);
Silk Road connected
everyone; east to west
(1200-1600); Crusades;
Mongols; Indian Ocean
trade; Trans-Saharan
trade; Marco Polo; Global
Trade Network; Rise of
Islam
Internal Africa not explored,
Europeans too scared.
Trans-Atlantic slave trade
ended but slavery still
continued illegally; coastal
regions important for limited
trade: stopping points for
merchant ships; center for
slave trade; established
outposts, naval bases and
small colonies; diamond
deposits; exported cotton to
Britain;
After WWI no money to
purchase industrial goods, S.
African miners prosper from
gold mines; after WWII rely on
sales of cash crops/minerals;
Niger: oil producer, member of
OPEC; exports native arts
Silk Road connected everyone;
east to west (1200-1600);
Renaissance; gunpowder;
European colonization and
exploration; Commercial
Revolution; Atlantic Slave
Trade; ships used for trade;
Crusades
End of trans-Atlantic slave
trade; industrial revolution;
European dominance of world;
communication and
transportation revolution.
WWI & WWII; Great
Depression; globalization;
Demographic Shifts
Consider the Following: Disease, immigration – push/pull factors, attractive regions, infant mortality rates, life expectancy, diet, colonization, scientific advancements, war, forced
servitude, urbanization
8000 – 600 CE
East Asia
Western Europe
1. Shang dynasty = Hwang He –
infanticide.
2. Zhou Dynasty = feudal system.
3. Qin: iron weapons
4. Han = paper, sundials, ox-plow.
5. Han Collapse: internal
1. Mediterranean
2. Greece = city-states, have slaves,
Persian War, Peloponnesian War.
3. Roman Republic: geography:
protected from northern invasion by
land (Alps), conflict: Punic Wars –
defeat in 3rd one open Medit to Rome.
600 – 1450 CE
1450-1750 CE
1750 – 1914 CE
1. Trade spread disease,
black plague.
2. Mongols facilitated
trade.
3. Vietnam = Champa
Rice.
4. Japan = isolated, 4 main
islands.
5. Mongol tech: siege
weapons = catapults,
exploding balls.
6. Ming = extensive
agriculture.
7. Tang/Song: junks,
gunpowder, flying $,
magnetic compass,
sternpost rudders.
1. Growth of cities = pop
increases.
2. Specialization of labor.
3. Dark Ages.
4. Feudalism – serfs =
similar to slaves.
5. Few tech advances.
6. Vikings = raided
Europe.
1. Asia to Euro = yellow fever,
malaria, small pox.
2. Malaysia + Indo + Sing =
colonized.
3. Ming = brief exploration, but
pull back = isolated.
4. Qing/Manchu Dynasty
5. Tokugawa Japan = united
Japan, pop growth, rain grain
production increase, urbanized,
quality weapons.
6. Pop growth in China
1. China = sweet potato.
2. Japan = improve in nutrition, medical
care, strain in natural resources,
industrialize, fewer people working in
agriculture, national infrastructure.
3. China = opium trade.
1. Korea = highest population
density.
2. Jap = address pop increase
through birth control & abortion.
3. Asia industrializes &
mechanizes.
4. Nagasaki & Hiroshima =
bombed.
5. Firebombings of Japanese
cities.
6. Comfort women in Korea &
SEA.
7. Mao = kill many people.
8. Great Leap Forward =
collectivization.
1. Syphilis
2. Growth of urban pop.
3. China + Japan colonized.
4. Exploration, colonization,
imperialism.
5. Port: colonize Goa, Malacca,
Sri Lanka.
6. Spain = Columbus.
7. English fight wars with Spain
for territory.
8. France = colonized India.
9. Dutch = Indonesia, Africa
1. Industrialization.
2. Famine = Ireland.
3. Push = poverty.
4. Urbanization.
5. Live expectancy rose – improve
medicine, Louis Pastuer Germ theory.
6. Diet improve.
7. Cholera + TB.
8. Tenements = bad living conditions.
9. Major pollution.
10. Increase in pop = more food.
11. Enclosure movement = common
1. Spanish Flu = Global epidemic.
2. Guest workers = labor
shortages, seek workers from
outside = low wages &
discrimination.
3. WWII = total war, civilians as
targets.
4. Blitzkrieg.
5. Poverty, shortage of food,
clothing.
6. Holocaust.
7. Welfare systems, econ
1914 - Present
Eastern Europe
4. Roman Empire: initially empire
expands, large landowners use
slaves, cities overcrowded = displaced
small farms.
5. Reliance on slavery = tech fall
behind.
6. Science: Pythagoras, Hippocrates:
Father of medicine.
7. Movement of Huns+Germans –
Great Age of Migrations.
8. Huns to Mongolia.
9. Germans = along Roman frontier.
10. Germanic peoples = defeat Rome.
11. Rome Collapse = internal +
external.
1. Byzantine
2. Coined $.
3. Between medit and
Black Seas.
4. Rise of towns, enclosure
of open fields.
South Asia
1. India: millet & barley.
2. Indus Civ.
3. India tech: pi, zero, Arabic #
system.
4. Aryan Invaders = base class on
race.
5. Hinduism = caste system.
6. Indus Collapse: external.
Latin America
1. Maize, beans, squash.
2. Mesoamerica + Andean South
America = slavery.
1. Aztecs = tribute empire
= sacrifice people.
2. Maya, Aztecs, Incas =
agricultural societies,
peasants + slaves.
3. Maya: Pyramids, cotton
+ maize, ridged field
system.
4. Aztec: Pyramids,
Chinampas, maize &
beans, large urban capital.
5. Inca: communication
through roads, terrace
farming, animal
husbandry.
1. Mesopotamia
1. Arabs = captured slaves
& force into bondage.
2. Trade with Africa –
Swahili Coast.
1. East Africa = 1st to migrate = search
for food. 2. Green Sahara = dries up,
seeds to forests.
3. Plantains, beans, squash.
4. Egypt = Nile River.
1. Bantu Migration –
change pop from huntergatherer to agricultural
based.
2. Farming + pastoralism,
follow Congo river, spread
Middle East
Africa
Cape Colony.
10. Extract natural resources.
11. Colonize Americas.
12. Spanish + Port = bring in
African Slaves to Americas.
13. Renaissance, Protestant
Reformation, Scientific Rev,
enlightenment.
1.Trade with nomads of Central
Asia.
2. Cossacks: recruited
peasants.
3. Russia = isolated from West,
pushed eastward.
4. Not part of Renaissance.
5. Catherine the Great =
enforced serfdom.
area gone.
12. New sources of energy = steam,
petroleum.
13. New materials = steel.
14. Interchangeable parts.
15. Steam locomotive.
16. Birth of middle class.
prosperity, scientific +tech =
advance.
8. Emphasize consumerism.
1. Emancipation of serfs = but still have
to work on land to pay off, so not really
free.
2. Not industrializing.
3. Not borrowing from West Euro =
fairly isolated.
1. Refugees = displaced during
WWII.
2. Pull: Economy + politics =
repressive.
3. WWI = destruction of eastern
Euro empires.
4. Communism.
5. Political instability.
6. Russia lost Latvia, Lithuania,
Estonia, Poland.
1. Mughal India = Gunpowder
Empire = use weapons to
maintain regional power.
2. Conflict between Hindus &
Muslims.
3. Decline of power =
vulnerable to outside influence.
4. Brit East India Company.
1. India = learn western value.
2. Colonized.
3. India: Brits = build roads & canals,
urbanization increased.
4. Paving path toward independence =
Indian National Congress.
1. India & Pakistan = split = 1000’s
pep displaced.
2. Arab-Israeli War = hundreds of
thousands of Palestinians.
3. India Green Movement.
4. Migration from South Asia to
Arab oil-producing nations.
1. Measles.
2. Monoculture.
3. Domestication of animals.
4. Exploitation of natural
resources.
5. Columbian exchange.
6. Pop increase.
7. Horses = new method of
labor.
8. Encomienda system = Am
Feudalism.
9. Food: squash, beans, corn,
potatoes, cacao = population
growth.
10. Euro disease kill Ams.
11. Huge Estates = Haciendas.
1. Abbasid Caliphate = lose
power.
2. Gunpowder empires:
ottoman, safavid.
3. Influence Ren in Euro = go
back to ideas of Greek and
Romans.
1. Colonized = used as slaves.
2. Monoculture = destroy land.
3. Boundary = total disregard for
societies that existed before.
1. Massive Urbanization.
2. Bad living + working conditions.
3. Import Substitution.
4. Immigration w/in and to US –
legal & illegal.
5. Pep live in shantytowns.
6. Settlements incorporated into
city.
7. Migration for employment.
8. Urbanized peasants = no
access to industry.
1. Ottoman Empire = Middle Eastern
Question.
2. Want to keep stable or else will be
chaos.
3. Balkan Crisis.
4. Egypt + North Africa taken from
Ottoman Empire.
1. Atlantic slave trade = slaves
taken from Africa = deplete
population.
2. Triangular Slave Trade –
slaves from Af in Middle
Passage = many died, Euro
1. Islamic states of West Africa = keeps
slaves.
2. End of Atlantic Slave Trade, but 2
mill still traded.
3. Loss of pop from trade.
4. Intro of guns = increase likelihood of
1. Forced migration due to Peace
of Paris – Turks to Turkey.
2. Pop increase.
3. Ethnic divisions.
4. Military coups.
5. Pop explosion.
6. Poverty.
7. Lack of fresh water.
1. Legacies of colonization.
2. Civil wars between ethnic
groups.
3. Population explosion.
4. Low per capita income.
5. Lack on capital for
Major
Themes/Turning
Points
Applies to all:
1. Ice Age = big game gone & usable
land.
2. Alter skin color & Race type
3. Environ = more suitable for growing
crops so settle down.
4. Diet better
5. 3 classical emps: pep live closely
now & settle next to rivers.
6. Milder conditions, warmer temps,
higher ocean levels.
7. Foraging vs. Pastoral societies
8. Foraging = disease, famine, natural
disasters, no permanent shelters, limit
on how much land can feed
9. Pastoral: domesticate animals,
mountain regions, insufficient rainfall,
small scale agri.
10. Migratory vs. slash
and burn.
11. Irrigation
12. Fermentation of alcoholic
beverages.
13. Create cities
14. Land = reconfigured to fit needs of
humans – divert water, clear land for
farming, roads built, build monuments.
15. Religious diffusion.
knowledge of iron-working.
give guns to Af.
3. Euro & Africa in Columbian
exchange= horses, pigs, goats,
chili peppers, sugar cane.
4. Africans = separated from
families.
inter-tribal war.
5. Sierra Leone + Liberia = safe haven
for slaves.
6. Cotton gin = need more slaves to
work.
7. Scramble for Africa.
infrastructure.
6. Urbanization.
7. Huge debtloads.
1. Atlantic Slave Trade.
2. Crusades = huge
migration of people.
3. Urban growth.
1. Rise of nation states = rivalry
between nations for territory.
2. World Trade.
3. Columbian exchange –
disease = unintended part =
bubonic plague.
4. Growth of urban population
== famine, enclosure
movements.
1. Industrialization.
2. End of Atlantic Slave trade.
3. Colonization.
4. Asians + Africans = provide labor.
5. New Birth rate patterns in Western
Euro.
6. Raw materials = depleting.
7. Increased pollution.
1. Immigration.
2. Threat to environment =
deforestation.
3. Global warming.
4. Warfare: WWI WWII –
people=homeless, chemical
warfare.
5. Terrorism.
6. NGOs – Green Peace & WWF.
7. Communication revolution =
world closer together.
8. Dictatorial regimes = killed many
people.
9. Separation of ethnic groups.
10. Cold War: World = divided
between US & USSR.
11. Globalization: relocation to
new cities/countries, find cheapest
labor, lower wages, sudden
unemployment.
12. Xenaphobia.
Religion
Consider the Following: Polytheism (pantheon) vs. monotheism, enumerated laws, relation to state (theocracy), gender roles, missionaries, major ideologies, schisms, syncretism,
economic interests, persecution of minority religions
8000 – 600 CE
East Asia
Western Europe
Ancestor worship (China,
Japan)
Spirits of nature (China)
Confucianism, Daoism,
Legalism.
women treated as
subservient (food binding)
Polytheism- many gods
Animism- believe in animals
Monotheism- single god
Christianity, Judaism
600 – 1450 CE
Neo-Confucianism
Daoism, Confucianism,
Legalism= philosophies/semi
religion
Ancestor worship

Leaders- Mandate of
Heaven
Foot binding less due to silk
road
Christianity spreadCrusades
Theocratic
Church powerful economic
1450-1750 CE
1750 – 1914 CE
1914 - Present
Influence of BuddhismSamurais detachment from
pain.

Neo Confucianism
Religion through trade.
Women increased
restrictions, lower class
better
Christianity Japan
Agnostics- believe in god but
no religion.
Global
State sponsored religionShintoism 
Both open up
Atheism- no god in China
Shintoism, sects of
Buddhism, and some belief
of Confucianism (a
combination of all)
Reformation- split in church
Protestant, Catholic
Enlightenment
Scientific revolution- less
Persecute Judaism- (later
Nazi) 
Increasing beliefs in deism
and Atheism – due to
Christianity
Influx of Muslim
Freedom of religion
entity(no tax)
religious, secular
Inquisition-kill heretics
Animism
Christianity- monotheism
Judaism- monotheism
Some influence of Islam –
due to Mongol influence
Christianity (Tsar)
Orthodox Christianity
Animism
Spirits of nature
Caste system- through
Hinduism
Codified laws
Ashoka-Buddhism, classicalreligion flourished
Subverted caste systemBrahmans angry
Latin America
Animism
Polytheism
Native American religious
Sun god- sacrifice
Losers of the battle
sacrificed to the Gods.
Middle East
Polytheistic
Greater women’s right
(Muhammad’s wife higher)
Islam- submission
Acceptance of people of the
book
(Christianity, Judaism)
Allow converts (Malawi)
Ulama- fundamentalist
Sharia- Islamic laws, veiling
Spanish-Christianity
Mohammed
Spread of trade
Persian Ulama- conservative
back lash
Spread of trade (Mongol, silk
road)
Orthodox Christianity Tsar
supported by Church
Ortho- right correct doxthinking, Third Rome
Women- dressed like
Western

Gupta-caste system,
Hinduism
Classical-religion flourished
Islam-major force
Out law sati, female
aristocrats
Missionary dominant force to
conversion
African belief systems (due
to slave trade) Christianitydominant
Conservative movements
Gunpowder nations Ottoman Empire- tolerant of
non-Muslims.
Govern variety – Orthodox,
Nestorian, Coptic, Catholic,
Protestant , Sunnis, Shiites
Harems
Eastern Europe
South Asia
Major
Themes/Turning
Points
Nation-states- need for
organized religion
Something to hold them
together.
Islam- Arabs held by religion
Schism- great split Orthodox
and Catholic
Reformation-protestant and
Catholic
Against catholic abuseintellectual movements
Atlantic trade
Enlightenment and affects of
Bubonic Plague
Protestant (counterreformation)
Strong revival in Roman
Catholicism (counterreformation)
Continued strong belief in
Orthodox Christianity
Persecute Jews- pogroms
1917-1991- Atheism
Christian revival
More freedom in religions
Still strong belief in Orthodox
Christianity
Existing influence of Islam
Islam continues to grow
British colonization affects
religion, Christianity
Second largest Muslim
nation
Hinduism main
India split, Pakistan and
India
Christianity dominant
Less of traditional gods.
Restricted religion
Christianity- limited role
(however, strong legacy of
Christianity behind)
Ottoman Empire
Islam
Secularized- scientific
knowledge instead of clergy
complaints
Tanzimat reforms- religious
tolerance, schools for
women
Persecution of Jews
Majority Islam – Sunnis vs.
Shiites
Colonization
Missionaries
Secular
Industrialization
More trade
Globalization
Flat world
Technology- internet