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Study guide Dynamic Earth Unit 3 Test What happens to the crust when large amounts of sediment are deposited in a short amount of time? The crust subsides due to the weight What physical change takes place when igneous rock changes to sedimentary rock? weathering What part of the rock cycle helps form igneous rock but not other types of rock? melting What part of the rock cycle helps form sedimentary rock but not other types of rock? erosion How does acid rain affect different types of rock? It dissolves some rock faster due to their different compositions Define uplift The rising of regions of the crust to higher elevations Define weathering Breaks down rocks into sediment Define subsidence The sinking of regions of crust to lower elevations. How did the sedimentary rock in the Grand Canyon form? Sand and other material being deposited over time What happens to basalt or any other rock over time? All rocks change over time. Define deposition The process by which eroded material is dropped Give some examples of depostion Falling of volcanic ash to earth, sediments being deposited into a delta or alluvial fan. How does metamorphic rock change to sedimentary rock? Metamorphic rock -> weathering -> sediment – > erosion -> deposition –> sedimentary rock What change of state happens when magma turns into igneous rock? Liquid to solid Which cause more weathering acid rain or normal rain? Acid rain What causes rocks in a river to erode? Flowing water What is a rift zone? An area where deep cracks form. This is common between tectonic plates Where does foliated metamorphic rock form? Deep below the surface What condition changes the rock that is deep below the crust of the Earth? High pressure What is clastic sedimentary rock and where does it form? Sedimentary rock that forms when sediments are buried, compacted and cemented / in deltas What describes the rock that will eventually form at the surface after a volcano erupts? Extrusive igneous rock How does basalt form and what class of rock does it belong to? Forms when lava cools at the surface / basalt is extrusive igneous rock How does granite form and what class of rock does it belong to? Forms when magma cools / granite is intrusive igneous rock Define cementation The cementing together of layers of clasts What do conglomerate, sandstone and, siltstone have in common? They are all clastic sedimentary rock What is texture in relation to rocks? Give examples. It describes size, shape , and position of grains What effect does the rate at which magma cools have on the texture of igneous rocks? The faster it cools the smaller the crystals What is a direct source of material in the formation of metamorphic rock? Existing rock What is one difference between a mineral and a rock? Rocks can be made of crystalline or non-crystalline material / minerals are always made of crystals What type of rock is classified as chemical, clastic and organic? Sedimentary rock Define lava Lava is magma that erupts onto the earth’s surface Define magma Magma a mixture of molten rock, volatiles and solids beneath the surface of the Earth How can a rock’s texture give clues to its origin? Looking at the rounded clasts that are cemented together in a sedimentary rock is one way to identify through texture. What type of change takes place when granite turns to gneiss? Igneous rocks changes to metamorphic rock What do basalt and granite have in common? They are both igneous rocks What type of rock is made when layers of material become compressed? Sedimentary rock What is the rock cycle? Be able to diagram it. The series of processes in which rock changes from one type to another Diagram – see textbook pages 160 - 161