Download EOC review booklet (SPRING 2016)

(SPRING 2016)
Biology
Name: ______________________
EOC information and how best to prepare for it
Reminder: The Biology EOC will make up 15% of your semester grade!

Quarter 3 & Quarter 4 (makes up 85 % of your semester grade)

EOC (makes up the remaining 15% of your semester grade)
Unit 1 Ecology
1. Label the parts of the food chain below. Below the organism’s name, label each as either
the producer or the level of consumer that they represent (example: primary consumer).
(pages 73-77)
Grass 
aphid

spider

blue jay  Hawk
2. The arrows in a food chain or food web represent the flow of _____________ through a
community. (page 73)
3. What do the following consumer categories eat? (Page 71)
Herbivore:
Carnivore:
Omnivore:
Detritivore:
4. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph? Which are you?
5. Which does there tend to be more of in an ecosystem/ Energy Pyramid? (producers
or consumers) Explain WHY that is the case. (page 69; 77)
6. What happens if an organism is removed from a food web? How will that impact the
organisms that it feeds on? How will it impact the organisms that fed on it? (Pg 76)
7.
Use the food web above to answer the following questions (pg 76)
Name the producer _______________________
Name two primary consumers _______________________
Name a tertiary consumer _____________________
8. Refer to the food web on the previous page to answer this question. Describe TWO
effects that may result if the elephant seal were to be hunted to the point of near
extinction.
Effect #1 ______________________________________________
Effect #2 _______________________________________________
9. The removal of which of the organisms above would have the greatest effect on all
others?
10. Which predator seems to have the largest impact on the populations of others in the
food web above (adelie penguin, elephant seal, leopard seal)? How do you know?
11. Use the diagram above to answer the following questions.

What happens to the amount of energy that is available at each tropic level
as you move from the base (Level A) toward the top (Level D)?

How much is lost (%) in each energy transformation?

What happens to the relative population size of the members of each tropic
level as you go from Level A towards Level D?
12. Give examples of biotic and abiotic limiting factors. (pages 141)
Biotic factors
Abiotic factors
13. If a fire spreads through a forest, how will it impact the ecosystem (short term and
long term)?
14. Why is the recycling of nitrogen within an ecosystem important? (page 84)
15. List some ways that carbon is returned to the atmosphere.
16. List one way carbon is removed from the atmosphere.
17. Why is the cycling of carbon dioxide and oxygen within an ecosystem important?
(page 82)
18. Global warming is closely associated with which of the biogeochemical cycles?
19. Describe an example of each of the species interactions below.
(page 102) Predator-Prey relationship:
(page 103) Mutualism:
(page 104) Commensalism:
(page 104) Parasitism:
(page 100) Intraspecific Competition:
(page 100) Interspecific Competition:
20. How do adaptations such as aposematic (warning) coloration discourage predators
from attacking?
21. Define carrying capacity. (page 135) Give an example of a scenario in which the
carrying capacity of a population may increase or decrease.
22. What is an invasive (sometimes referred to as ‘exotic’) species? What impact to they
tend to have on ecosystems and the biodiversity they contain?
23. What is the greatest threat facing biodiversity?
24. Scenario: A new Target is getting build in Springfield, Florida. To make the land
suitable for development, the existing wetland is drained. What impact would this
have on biodiversity in the area?
Unit 2 Cell Energy
25. Properties of Water: How does water help to regulate body temperature?
26. What are enzymes and why are they important?
27. Write the function of each of the macromolecules in the table below. Provide two
examples of each.
Macromolecule
Building Block
Carbohydrate
Monosaccharides
Lipid
Fatty acids &
Glycerol
Protein
Amino acids
Nucleic Acid
Nucleotides
Function(s)
Examples
28. What is the smallest unit of life? (Page 191)
29. Fill in the table for each Organelle. (Page 207)
Organelle
Nucleus
Function
Structure is found in…….
(circle correct response)
Eukaryotic cells only
Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Ribosome
Eukaryotic cells only
Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Endoplasmic
Reticulum (ER)
Eukaryotic cells only
Golgi Apparatus
Eukaryotic cells only
Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Mitochondria
Eukaryotic cells only
Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Chloroplast
Eukaryotic cells only
Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotic cells only
Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Cell Wall
Eukaryotic cells only
Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Lysosome
Eukaryotic cells only
Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
Vacuole
Eukaryotic cells only
Both Eukaryotic & Prokaryotic Cells
30. Rank these levels of cellular organization from smallest (1) to largest (5)
___ tissue ___ organ ___ cell ____ organ system ___ organism ___
31. What is cell respiration used for? What is produced as a result of cell respiration?
(pages 251)
32. Where does cell respiration occur in the cell? (page 207) ___________________
33. The bonds of ______ store the energy released via cell respiration.
34. What is photosynthesis used for? What is produced as a result of photosynthesis?
(page 228; 232)
35. Where does photosynthesis occur in the cell? (page 207) __________________
36. Photosynthesis is an energy storing process. The energy is stored in the bonds of
which molecule?
32. Compare the processes of photosynthesis and cell respiration. How do their
reactions compare? (page 253)
37. (Page 240; Factors that affect the rate of Photosynthesis.) What would happen to
the rate of photosynthesis if………
the amount of sunlight available to the plant DECREASED?
Increase / Decrease (circle 1)
the amount of CO2 available to the plant INCREASED?
Increase / Decrease (circle 1)
the temperature DECREASED dramatically?
Increase / Decrease (circle 1)
the amount of water available to the plant DECREASED?
Increase / Decrease (circle 1)
38. What is ATP, when is it produced and how is it used? (page 226)
Unit 3 Cellular Transport
39. What is the cell membrane made up of? Why is this structure important for
the membrane?(page 204)
40. Which type of cellular transport (passive or active) moves substances AGAINST the
concentration gradient? Circle it.
41. Which type of cellular transport (passive or active) moves substances DOWN their
concentration gradient? Circle it.
42. Are the transport types listed below examples of PASSIVE or ACTIVE transport?
(circle it). Provide a description of each below.
(Page 208) Diffusion:
(Page 210) Osmosis:
(Page 209) Facilitated Diffusion
43. Are the transport types listed below examples of PASSIVE or ACTIVE transport?
(circle it). Provide a description of each below.
Molecular pumps (Example: Sodium-Potassium Pump) -
Bulk Transport (Examples: Endocytosis/ Exocytosis) -
44. Why is it necessary for materials to move into and out of cells? (Hint: part of the
answer has to do with a characteristic of life that starts with the letter ‘H’) (pg 19)
45. If a cell is placed in a beaker of pure water, will it swell or shrink?
Will the pressure inside of the cell increase or decrease?
46. If a cell is placed into a beaker containing a solution with a high salt content, will it
swell or shrink?
Will the pressure inside of the cell increase or decrease?
47. What is turgor pressure? If a plant cell loses water, what happens to turgor
pressure? What would cause it to increase?
The arrows in the diagram indicate the
48.
direction of water movement across the
membrane. Why is it moving to the left?
49. (Pages 209-211) In the diagram below explain how equilibrium will be reached. Fill in
the missing values. The membrane will not allow salt to pass through it. Draw arrows
to show how water will move.
Label each one of the situations above as Hypotonic, Hypertonic or isotonic.
10% salt
30% salt
60% salt
___ % water
___ % water
___ % water
___%
saltdots in the diagram below represent
50.
The
membrane
at
___% salta solute that cannot cross the___%
salt
the bottom of the U-tube. The liquid part of the solution is water. The water on
70% water
70% water
60% water
which side of the U-tube below will rise as a result of the concentration gradient
shown below? Why?
Unit 4 Molecular Genetics I
50. What is the function of DNA? (page 342)
51. DNA is made of nucleotides, which have three parts ____________,
__________________, and a __________________.
52. How many types of nucleotides are there? List them.
53. Explain the complementary nature of the structure of DNA.
54. What is produced as a result of DNA replication? (page 350)
Unit 5 Cellular Reproduction
55. Complete the chart comparing Sexual and Asexual Reproduction. (pages 277-278)
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Advantages
Disadvantages
56. Which of the strategies above (sexual or asexual reproduction) may cause a
population to be more susceptible to extinction? Explain.
57. What will happen to a species if it fails to reproduce?
58. Complete the table comparing Mitosis and Meiosis.
Mitosis
Meiosis
Starting Cell type
(Haploid or diploid)
(pages 282-283; 326-327)
End Cell type (haploid or
diploid)(pages 324-325;
326-327)
Type of Cell created
(somatic/body or sex
cell/gamete) (pages 326327)
59. How is Meiosis I different than Meiosis II?
60. Sperm and egg are haploid cells. When sperm and egg unite, the diploid number is
restored. What is the name of that process? (page 995)
61. What is the name of the cell that results when sperm and egg fuse?
62. If an organism has 12 chromosomes in a gamete how many chromosomes will be found
in a body cell of the zygote after fertilization has occurred? (pages 326-327)
63. Humans have 46 chromosomes in their body cells. Is this the diploid or haploid
number?
64. How many chromosomes are found a sperm cell? Is this the diploid or haploid
number?
65. If a male dog has a diploid number of 78, how many chromosomes are in its skin cells?
How many chromosomes are in its sperm cells?
66. What is differentiation?
67. Why are stem cells important?
Unit 6 Molecular Genetics II
68. Gene Expression (pages 364-365; 368-370):
Use these scrambled words to tell the
story of how genes are used to build a protein .
Word Bank: (amino acids, mRNA, DNA,translation, transcription, tRNA, Protein)
In the nucleus genetic information is stored in _____________. The information is
rewritten as _________in the process called _____________________. It is
then able to leave the nucleus and moves to a _____________________ which is
where ____________________takes place. Involving _________ anticodons
pairing with codons and creating a chain of ____________
_____________
resulting in a _________________.
69. How is DNA different than RNA?
70. How does genetic variation within a population for a particular trait arise? (pg 372)
71. What is mutation? (page 372)
72. Why is genetic variation helpful for a species?
73. What are some factors that may cause a mutation to occur? (pages 374-375)
74. What effects can a mutation have on an organism? (pages 372-376)
Unit 7 Mendelian Genetics
75. Define each term below
(page 315) Genotype:
(page 315) Phenotype:
(page 310) Dominant:
(page 310) Recessive:
(page 314) Homozygous:
(page 314) Heterozygous:
76. Given the following traits determine the phenotype for each genotype: (pages 314315)
R = round seed
r = flat seed
RR = ______________________________
Rr = ______________________________
rr = ______________________________
77. Which of the crosses below would result in the greatest amount of variation among
offspring? (circle it)
RR x RR
Rr x Rr
rr x rr
RR x rr
78. Create a Punnett Square to answer the following questions. (pages 315-316)
a.
Two heterozygous black dogs are crossed. What is the probability of producing a white
puppy?
P: _____ x ______
Answer: _________
b.
A homozygous tall plant is crossed with a heterozygous tall plant (short is the
recessive size). What is the probability that short plants will result?
P: _____ x ______
Answer: _________
c.
A heterozygous white rabbit is crossed with a homozygous black rabbit. What is the
genotypic and phenotypic ration of the offspring that could result from this cross?
P: _____ x ______
Genotypic ratio:
Phenotypic ratio:
79. Define each term below and create a Punnett Square for the specific type of cross.
Incomplete Dominance: (page 319) -
Flower color is an incomplete dominance trait in snapdragons. When a white flower (WW) and a red
flower (RR) are crossed, all offspring are pink in appearance (RW). What phenotypes would be possible
if two pink flowers were crossed?
P: _____ x ______
Answer: ______________
Codominance (page 319; 394)-
Multiple alleles:
ABO Blood type in humans is an example of both codominance (I A & IB) and multiple alleles (IA, IB, i).
If an individual is heterozygous for Type A blood marries an individual that is homozygous for Type
B blood, what blood type(s) could their children have?
P: _____ x ______
Answer: ______________________
Sex-linked traitColorblindness is a sex linked trait found on the X chromosome. If a father who is colorblind
marries a woman with normal vision, but whose father was colorblind, what is the probability that
they have a colorblind son?
P: _____ x ______
Answer: _________
Unit 8 Evolution
80. What is evolution? (page 450)
81. What is meant by survival of the fittest? (pages 461)
82. Give TWO examples of adaptations and explain why they help the organism in its
environment. ( page 461)
83. What may cause an adaptation to no longer be helpful to a species? What would
likely happen to the species if that were to occur? (page 461, 463)
84. Why is genetic variation (diversity) an important trait for a population? (pages 278)
85. If two species share few differences in their genetic information, what does that
tell you about their degree of relatedness?
86. Using the chart below, which species is most closely related to humans? ________
How do you know?
87. Antibiotic resistance in bacteria and pesticide resistance in agriculture are modern
day examples of evolution in action. Choose ONE to explain below.
88. Provide an example of convergent evolution
89. Provide an example of divergent evolution.
90. What is Punctuated equilibrium?
91. What is adaptive radiation? Provide an example.