Download List the major human organ systems:

Human Body System Notes
List the major human organ systems:
1.
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7.
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2.
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8.
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3.
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9.
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4.
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10. ___________________________________
5.
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11. ___________________________________
6.
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12. ___________________________________
Multicellular Organism Levels of Organization
Cell  ________________________  Organ ______________________________ __________________________________
Digestive System

Major functions
1.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Digestive Journey
o
Starts in the mouth with chewing which provides ___________________________________ digestion (physical
break down) and saliva which provides _____________________________ (chemical break down) through saliva.
o
___________________________________ is the muscular action that moves the food through the esophagus and
into your stomach after you swallow.
o
The stomach contains the chemicals ______________________________ & _______________________________
(which breaks down proteins).

o
The stomach has a lining of ___________________________________ for protection.
Your ___________________________________ breaks down many substances and toxins and produces
___________________________________, a substance that breaks down fat.
o
The ___________________________________ store bile.
o
The ___________________________________ is located between the stomach and duodenum (portion of the small
intestine) and is responsible for producing enzymes that break down complex starches, proteins, and fat.
o
___________________________________ is the name of the food after it has been digested.
o
___________________________________ is the organ where nutrients are absorbed.

___________________________________ are small finger-like projections inside of the small intestine
that increase the surface area and help to absorb nutrients.
o
___________________________________ is where water is removed.
o
The wastes are stored in the __________________________ and removed by the ___________________________.
o
The large intestine is filled with ___________________________________ that aide in the break down of
carbohydrates. These are responsible for the smell in flatulent.
Respiratory System

Major Function
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________


The diaphragm is a bell shaped muscle that lines the bottom portion of the rib cage. It helps with breathing in and out.
o
When the diaphragm ___________________________________, you breath in.
o
When the diaphragm ___________________________________, you breath out.
The lungs work closely with the ___________________________________. The heart sends deoxygenated blood to the
lungs where they exchange oxygen for carbon dioxide.

The lungs send the oxygenated blood back to the heart where it is sent out to the body.
Integumentary System
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Major functions
1___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
5.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
6.___________________________________________________________________________________________________

The skin is made of two major layers:
o
___________________________________ is the outermost layer. It is mostly made of dead cells. It has no blood
supply and no nerves.
o
___________________________________ is the inner layer of skin. It provides cushion feeling.
o
___________________________________ is a layer of fat just beneath the dermis.
Immune System

Major Function
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Two types of white blood celss

___________________________________ which identify pathogens by recognizing their antigens.
o

___________________________________ which produce antibodies.
o

Antigens are molecules that the immune system recognizes as either part of your body, or as foreign.
Antibodies are specific structures used to kill specific infections.
The most common invaders are bacteria and viruses.
Lymphatic System

The lymphatic system is closely related to the ___________________________________ system. They are joined by a
___________________________________ system.

Major Function
1.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
This last function is so that tissues don’t swell up.
Muscular System

Three types of muscle cells 1.__________________________2.__________________________3.
____________________________
Skeletal Muscles

Skeletal muscle attaches to ___________________________________ through tendons. Ligaments attach bone to
bone.

You have ___________________________________ of skeletal muscle which makes them called
___________________________________ muscles.

Skeletal muscles ___________________________________ quickly and also
___________________________________ quickly.
Smooth Muscle

Called ___________________________________ muscles because you can’t control them.

They line the organs of your digestive system to push food through the digestive tract.
Cardiac Muscle
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___________________________________ muscles found only in the heart.

Cardiac muscle do not get tired.
How Muscles Work

Muscles work by ___________________________________, or becoming shorter and thicker.

Muscles can only contract. They can’t ___________________________________. Therefore they always work in
___________________________________.
o
Example: Your biceps pulls your forearm up, while your triceps pulls your forearm back down.
Circulatory System
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Major Function
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________

What is blood?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Blood Characteristics

___________________________________ - carries oxygen and carbon dioxide throughout the body.

___________________________________ - protects the body by fighting off foreign objects.

___________________________________ - a straw colored clear liquid that makes up most of the blood (mostly made of
water).

___________________________________ - help the blood clot.

New blood is made in the ___________________________________,
Skeletal System

Major Function
1.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
2.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
4.__________________________________________________________________________________
5. __________________________________________________________________________________
Structure of Bones

A ___________________________________, ___________________________________ membrane covers all of the bone
except the end.

___________________________________ vessels and ___________________________________ enter the bone through
the membrane.

Beneath the membrane is ___________________________________, which is hard and dense but not solid.

Small canals run through the compact bone that carry ___________________________________ and
___________________________________ to the living cells deep in the bone.

Inside the compact bone is the ___________________________________ bone.
What is a joint?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
What are a few types of joints?
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nervous System
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Major Function
1.___________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. __________________________________________________________________________________________________
3.___________________________________________________________________________________________________

There is two parts to the nervous system. The ___________________________________ (CNS) which includes the brain
and spinal cord, and the ___________________________________ system which includes the nerves to the rest of the body.
What is homeostasis?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

The cells that carry information through your nervous system are called
___________________________________.

The message that they carry is called a ___________________________________.

A bundle of nerve fibers is called a ___________________________________.
Endocrine System
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A collection of special organs that produce ___________________________________.

These organs are usually called ___________________________________.

What do hormones do?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________

Pituitary gland- creates growth hormone, anti-diuretic hormone, and oxytocin.

Thyroid gland- produce hormones which stimulate metabolism.

Pancreas- produces insulin and glucagons, which control the amount of sugar in the blood and body.

Adrenal glands- located on kidneys, they produce adrenaline.

Ovaries- produce estrogen and progesterone.

Testes- create testosterone.
Excretory System

Your excretory system collects wastes produced by ___________________________________ and removes them
from the body.

The two ___________________________________ are the major organs of the excretory system.

The kidneys filter your blood and remove ___________________________________,
___________________________________, and other waste materials from the blood.

___________________________________ is the fluid produced by the kidneys.
Reproductive System
What is the role of the female reproductive system?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________
What is the role of the male reproductive system?
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________