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BIOLOGY AP, January 2006
Name ___________________________
Practice QUIZ
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Cellular Respiration & Photosynthesis
"I understand the Monta Vista Academic Code and will not give or receive any improper aid for this examination."
signed ________________________________________
1. You are studying the cellular respiration in a mouse cell.
Using the diagram below, answer the following questions.
a) What is the net yield of ATP per glucose in glycolysis?
_______
b) Suppose an inhibitor for the enzyme that catalyzes Step 5
is added. This inhibitor binds to location remote from the
active site. What kind of inhibitor is this-- competitive or
noncompetitive? ________________
c) What molecule will build up as a result of this inhibitor?
__________________________
d) Suppose a cell is depleted of oxygen. What metabolic
process will it begin after glycolysis? ______________
____________________________________________
e)What is the purpose of this pathway? ___________
___________________________________________
f) Is the cell in this problem a prokaryotic cell or a
eukaryotic cell? _____________________________
g) What are two differences between prokaryotes and
eukaryotes. _________________________________
___________________________________________
2. DNP (Dinitrophenol) causes pores to form in the membrane of the mitochondria.
a) What effect (if any) would this have on ATP production? Explain your answer. _________________________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
b) What effect (if any) would adding DNP have on oxygen usage by the cell (the most immediate effect)?
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
c) You discover a new drug called "Blockaid". Blockaid binds to the "stalk" of ATP synthase to prevent protons from
passing through. If you add Blockaid to a cell, what would the effect (in any) on ATP production be? Explain your
answer. _______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________________________
3. Cellular respiration is necessary for cells to survive. The following diagram shows one of the parts of this process.
a) This diagram shows: (circle one)
A) Glycolysis
B) Citric Acid Cycle
C) Fermentation
D) Pyruvate Oxidation
b) Suppose there was a mutation in the enzyme "fumarase", causing it to become nonfunctional. What molecule would
build up in the cell? ________
c) Could a cell that had this mutation still produce any ATP? Circle One Yes or No
d) Explain your answer to (c) _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
The next two diagrams show oxidative phosphorylation (also known as the electron transport chain).
e) In an active cell, where would you find a HIGHER pH? (circle one)
A) Inner Membrane Space
B) Matrix
f) Explain your answer to (e) _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Cyanide binds to and inhibits Cytochrome a3 (labeled cyt a3) in the right diagram above. Suppose your cells have been
poisoned by cyanide.
g) 10 minutes after poisoning, would you expect the levels of ATP to be HIGHER or LOWER than cells that haven't
been poisoned. ________________________
h) Explain your answer to (g) _______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________
i) 10 minutes after poisoning, would you expect the levels of NADH to be HIGHER or LOWER than cells that haven't
been poisoned. _______________________
j) Explain your answer to (i) _________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
k) Name one difference between cellular respiration of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. _____________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
l) A yeast cell may produce ATP by which of the following methods: (check all that apply)
___ Glycolysis
___ Alcoholic Fermentation
___ Lactic Acid Fermentation
___ Cellular Respiration
m) Why does a cell breakdown sugar using multiple steps? (why doesn't it breakdown the sugar in just one big step?)
______________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________
4. The reactions of glycolysis are shown in the diagram to the right.
a) How many pyruvic acids are made
for each glucose? ____
b) Suppose reaction #5 is endothermic.
Draw a reaction diagram below showing
the reactants and products in proper
relation to each other. Label axes too.
c) In your drawing for #9, draw the catalyzed reaction and label it WITH ENZYME.
d) In the right diagram, circle the phosphate atom that is used to add to ADP to make ATP in step #9.
5. The diagram to the right shows the electron transport chain. Some
poisons bind to the cytochromes in this chain and cause them to
become inactive and unable to function. If a cell was poisoned in this
way:
a) Would the amount of ATP produced by the cell
INCREASE, STAY THE SAME, or DECREASE?
_________________
b) Explain your answer to (a) ________________
_________________________________________
_________________________________________
c) Would the amount of oxygen used by this cell
INCREASE, STAY THE SAME, or DECREASE?
__________________
d) Is the transport of H+ shown in part A of the diagram an example of
OSMOSIS, ACTIVE TRANSPORT, DIFFUSION, or
ENDOCYTOSIS?
__________________
e) Is the transport of H+ shown in part B of the diagram an example of
OSMOSIS, ACTIVE TRANSPORT, DIFFUSION, or
ENDOCYTOSIS? __________________
f) Circle the organisms that you may see the type of diagram to the
right in (you may circle more than one).
Bacteria
Protists Plants
Fungi
Animals
6. The diagram to the right shows one part of the
photosynthesis reactions.
a) How many PGAL molecules does it take to
construct one glucose? ____
b) Would the reaction of
NADPH -> NADP+ + H+
be EXOTHERMIC or ENDOTHERMIC?
c) Explain your answer to (b) ___________
____________________________________
____________________________________
d) If you made only the reactions of the Calvin
Cycle in a test tube with an unlimited amount of ATP
and NADPH, would you expect to see any
production of oxygen? YES or NO
e) Explain your answer to (d) ____________
_____________________________________
_____________________________________
7. Rubisco is known to grab oxygen, rather than carbon
dioxide in a reaction known as photorespiration. This is
inefficient for the cell. Some plants have adapted mechanisms to prevent
photorespiration. A diagram of this adaptation is below:
a) Mark an "X" where you would find the enzyme Rubisco.
b) If the Bundle-sheath cell is not permeable to oxygen or carbon
dioxide, then how does the carbon dioxide get into the bundlesheath cell? __________
___________________________________________
___________________________________________
c) If a plant had the cells seen to the right, would you expect to see
a stomates open during the day?
YES or NO
d) Explain your answer to (c) __________________
___________________________________________
8. The following diagram shows the electron transport chain (ETC) of photosynthesis:
H2 O
2
H+
1/2 O2
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
H+
e-
H+
NADP+ + H+
PHOTON
NADPH
PHOTON
ADP + Pi
ATP
H+
Figure 1d. The Electron Transport Chain of the Light Reactions. The top half of the diagram
represents the inside of the thylakoid disc, while the bottom half represents the stroma.
These are separated by the thylakoid membrane
The drug DNP causes pores to form in the membrane of the thylakoid disc allowing H+ to freely diffuse across the
membrane. You isolate chloroplasts and begin to expose them to light (assume you have all the raw materials necessary
for the light reactions to occur). After 20 minutes, you add DNP to the chloroplasts (the DNP is able to cross the outside
membrane of the chloroplast to reach the thylakoid discs). You continue to expose the sample to light.
i) Would you expect ATP Synthase activity to (circle one):
INCREASE
or
STAY SAME
or
DECREASE/STOP
ii) Explain your answer to (i) ___________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
iii) Would you expect NADPH production to (circle one):
INCREASE
or
STAY SAME
or
DECREASE/STOP
iv) Explain your answer to (iii) __________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
v) What is the role of water in the electron transport chain? ____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
9. Name one similarity between photosynthesis and cellular respiration. _____________________________________
10. Name one difference between cellular respiration of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. _____________________________
11. Name one similarity between cellular respiration of prokaryotes and eukaryotes. _____________________________
12. Scientists in the Southern California have found a new species of plant. They call it Bartinitus simpsis. In an
extensive study of the plant, scientists found the following information:
 55% of stomates were open at 2 pm, 45% of stomates were open at 2 am.
 The pallisade and spongy mesophyll cells did not contain any trace of the enzyme Rubisco
a) Would you classify this plant as a C3, CAM, or C4 Pathway Anatomy? ________
b) Explain your answer to (a) ______________________________________________________
c) Name the specific cells that regulate the opening and closing of the stomates ________
d) Would you expect to find a high or low concentration of K+ in one of these cells if the stomate was open? ___
e) As temperature increases, photosynthetic activity becomes inefficient. Explain how Rubisco is involved in
this inefficiency. _____________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
13. CAM plants are important to study for several reasons. As an environmentalist, you feel it is important to study CAM
plants because of the potential harmful effects if they were introduced to a foreign environment. It is possible that they
might outcompete native species. You find a CAM plant called Kristineus kreuki.
a) Would you expect to find more stomates to be open during the day or night in K. kreuki? ____
b) Briefly, explain the role of oxaloacetate (or malate) in a CAM plant. ________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
c) Would a sample taken at 6 am or 6 pm have more malate? _____________
14. Fill in the following table regarding photosynthesis (put a check in the box if it applies to that plant).
C3
C4 Pathway
CAM
Contains thylakoid discs
Contains bundlesheath cells
Contains Rubisco
15. In a closed system, the ratio of gas molecules of oxygen consumption to carbon dioxide production is equal.
Knowing this fact, how are we able to measure oxygen consumption using a respirometer?
16. When compared at a high light intensity, the amount of photosynthesis in C3 plants and C4 plants (C4 and CAM
Pathway) differs greatly. Explain at a molecular level why C4 plants are able to do more photosynthesis at higher
temperatures?
AP-LIKE MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. All of the following can be used to produce cellular energy EXCEPT
a) acetyl coA
b) carbon dioxide
c) triglyceries
2. A yeast cell may produce energy by which of the following mechanisms:
a) alcoholic fermentation
b) lactic acid fermentation c) cellular respiration
d) proteins
d) both A and C e) A, B, and C
3. Which of the following statements concerning respiration is correct?
a) Aerobic Respiration is probably more ancient in an evolutionary sense than is anaerobic respiration
b) When oxygen is absent, fermentation proceeds without the participation of enzymes
c) Each NADH generated in the Krebs cycle contains sufficient energy for the production of 3 ATP molecules.
d) Unlike pyruvic acid, fatty acids break up into 3-carbon units during respiration.
e) In one turn of the citric acid cycle, 8 molecules of CO2 are formed.
4. When a person exercises strenuously, all of the following occur EXCEPT
a) glucose decreases
b) ADP increases
c) Lactic acid increases d) Glycogen increases
e) CO2 increases
5. A human muscle cell can undergo which of the following:
a) Alcoholic fermentation
d) Lactic Acid fermentation
b) Both A & E
e) Aerobic respiration
c) Both B & D
6. The function of water in photosynthesis is to
a) supply electrons in the light-dependent reactions
b) transport H+ ions in the light-independent (dark) reactions
c) provide O2 for the light-independent (dark) reactions
d) combine with CO2
e) absorb light energy
7. The organelle that is a major producer of ATP and is found in both heterotrophs and autotrophs is the
a) chloroplast b) nucleus
c) ribosome
d) Golgi Apparatus
e) mitochondrion
8. Carbon dioxide is passed into a solution of bromothymol blue indicator until the acid solution turns yellow. A spring
of elodea is then placed into this yellow solution. After a few hours in the sunlight, the yellow solution turns blue. The
purpose of this experiment is to show that
a) Oxygen is given off during photosynthesis
b)
c)
d)
e)
Carbon dioxide is used during photosynthesis
Carbon dioxide is given off as a by-product of photosynthesis
Bromothymol blue changes to bromothymol yellow under acid conditions
Chlorophyll acting as a photocatalyst is necessary for photosynthesis
9. All of the following statements about a chloroplast and a mitochondrion are true EXCEPT:
a) Both use proton gradients for energy production
d) Both capture light energy
b) Both contain DNA
e) Both are bounded by two unit membranes
c) Both synthesize ATP
10. All of the following statements are correct regarding the light-independent (dark) reactions of photosynthesis except:
a) The energy source utilized is the ATP and NADPH obtained through the light reactions
b) This reaction begins soon after sundown and ends before sunrise
c) The 5-carbon sugar is constantly being regenerated
d) One of the end products is PGAL
e) The pathway used is usually a 3-carbon pathway, although a 4-carbon pathway does exist in some species
11. Which of the following enzymes is responsible for CO2 fixation in C3 plants?
a) Succinate dehydrogenase
d) RuBP (RuDP) carboxylase (Rubisco)
b) Hexokinase
e) Amylase
c) DNA Polymerase
12. All of the following stages are considered aerobic processes EXCEPT
a) Krebs cycle
d) formation of acetyl coA
b) glycolysis
e) electron transport chain
c) oxidative phosphorylation
13. The Krebs cycle in humans occurs in the
a) cytoplasm
b) inner mitochondrial membrane
c) intermembrane space
d) mitochondrial matrix
e) outer mitochondrial membrane
14. Which of the following statements is true about the Krebs (citric acid) cycle and the Calvin (light-independent cycle)?
a) They both result in a net production of ATP and NADH
b) They both require a net input of ATP.
c) They both result in a release of oxygen.
d) They both take place within the cytoplasmic matrix.
e) They both are carried out by enzymes located within an organelle matrix.