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Some examples of questions 1) Define the following : viscosity, surface tension, molarity, equilibrium constant 2) What is density and what is bulk density 3) Precision and accuracy what is the difference- bring some examples 4) What are the main differences between solid and liquid 5) The density of osmium is 22.57 g/cm2. If a 1.00 kg rectangular block of osmium has two dimensions 4.00X 4.00 cm, calculate the third dimension of the block. 6) How was the electron first detected. Design an experiment 7) What is Avogadro number? 8) Give the systematic name of CaCl2, Ca(OH)2, Ca3(PO4)2, Ca(ClO3)2, CoBr2, etc 9) Write cuprous chloride and cupric chloride. Similarly do it with iron. 10) Write cobalt chloride, mercury nitrate, hypochloride ion, Chlorate ion, Perchlorate ion 11) What are the oxidation numbers of Cl2O, Cl2O3, Cl3O5, KClO4, MnClO 12) Write: sulfite, sulfate of sodium , calcium, magnesium, iron 13) Peroxide and oxide of water? 14) Use Dalton atomic theory to account for each of the following: law of conversion; law of definite proportions, multiple proportions. 15) What is the distinction between atomic number and mass number. 16) Carbon atomic number is 12.01 and not 12.00 nor 13.003355- why? 17) How many grams in 2 moles of HCl and how many atoms of chlorine are they? 18) How many molecules are in 0.65 moles of sulfur dioxide, SO2? 19) Calculate the MPC of nitrogen in ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3): 20) What is the MW of C14H10N2 21) C4H10 (g) + 13 O2 (g) --- 8 CO2 (g) + H2O (l) what are the coefficients? 22) If 400g of SO2, 175g of O2, and 125g of H2O are mixed in the reaction, identify the limiting reagent and calculate the mass of H2SO4 formed. 23) Zinc is obtained from ores that contain zinc sulfides by roasting (heating in air) to give ZnO and then heating the ZnO with carbon monoxide. Suppose that 5.32kg of ZnS is treated in this way and that 3.30kg of pure zinc is obtained. Calculate the percentage yield of zinc. 24) Describe the dissolution process of CaCl2 25) What is weak electrolyte and how can we prove it? 26) Is ethanol electrolyte? Why is it soluble in water? 27) Who is more soluble NaCl, CaCl2, NaBr, Li F? why? 28) Calculate the number of moles of Cl- in 1.75 liter of 1 10-3 M ZnCl2? 29) Provide an example of precipitation reaction. 30) Give an example of how Cl2 can be oxidized? 31) Can we oxidize MnO2? 32) Can we reduce Perchlorate ? whith what? 33) What is the difference between the two types of definitions of base? 34) CaCl2 + Na2SO4 ----> CaSO4 + 2NaCl is it possible?How? Suggest an experiment. 35) How many grs of CaSO4 will be obtained from 10 grs CaCl2? 36) How do you cause CaCl2 to precipitate? 37) How do you cause sugar to precipitate? 38) Most nitrate salts are soluble. Is it true? Why? 39) Most hydroxides are slightly soluble, NaOH and KOH are soluble, Ba(OH)2 and Sr(OH)2 are marginal soluble. Why? 40) SF6 Sulfur is +6/-6/+3 ? Explain. 41) Chlorine is the oxidizing agent- electron acceptor? True? 42) Na is the reducing agent- electron donor? 43) A sample of nitrogen gas has a volume of 1.75 L at STP. How many moles of N2 are present? 44) 45) 46) A balloon (1 L) is released at sea level at T=25 ˚C. What is the volume when it rises to a height where P = 0.5 atm and T = 19 ˚C? 47) What is the volume of CO2 gas evolved from 152 gr Carbonate ? 48) Calculate the gas density of CF4 at 1 at and 50C? 49) What is kinetic energy? 50) What is enthalpy of a hydrogen bond? Define and estimate! 51) What is manometer. Draw and explain? 52) Assign oxidation states for all atoms: KMnO4, Fe3O4, SF6, Na2C2O4, P4O6, Mg2P2O7, Hg2Cl2, HAsO2, HBrO4, Li3N, N2H4, NO3-, CuCl, N2O, HOBr, XeOF4, K2Cr2O7 53) What is mean root velocity? 54) What is the difference between Effusively and diffusivity? 55) What is Hess's law 56) Organize the electrons in orbitals of Cl, F, Cl2, Ne, Al, Si and SiO2 57) What between Ionization Energy and Electron Affinity? 58) Arrange the following atoms in order of increasing size: 1) Be, Mg, Ca; 2) Te, I, Xe ; 3) Ga, Ge, In 59) Give the maximum number of electrons in an atom that can have the quantum numbers of : n=5, ml= +1 60) What is the Bohr model? 61) What are: quantum number, ground state, excited state? 62) What is the lattice free energy? 63) Arrange ions based on their sizes: 113, 99, 62: K+, Ca+, Ga+3? 64) Which ion is larger? Te-2 or Be+2? Al+3 vs Na+1 Why? 65) Arrange Se-2> Br-1> Rb+1> Sr+2 Why? 66) What is a Lewis Structure? 67) What is the Octet Rule? 68) What is manometer, Osmometer, pH meter, tensiometer? 69) What is the VSEPR model? 70) Write the structure of molecular and electronic structure of water; ammonia, ammonium ion? 71) Which of the following ions has noble gas electron configuration? Fe+2, Fe+3, Sc+3, Co+3; Tl+; Ce+4, Mn+2? 72) Write it in an increasing electronegativity:1) C, N, O : 2) Tl, S, Ge? 73) What is a sigma bond? Pi bond? Bring example. 74) Give three major WdV bonds in a gas molecules. 75) Which one will have higher MP C12H26 or C4H10? Why? 76) What is the anomaly of the gases boiling points? Provide example. 77) What is vapor pressure and how is it reflecting chemical bond in a liquid 78) What are the freezing points of N2, NH3, N2H4? Guess and explain? 79) What is a rate law? 80) Write Sulfur dioxide, trioxide, sulfur oxychloride. Provide the valances of each sulfur 81) Arrange in order of density: chloroform, diethylether, sodium chloride, calcium sulfate. 82) Arrange in order of density: oxygen, hydrogen, water, carbon dioxide, nitrogen. Explain. 83) What is heterogeneous mixture and what is a homogeneous one. Give example of each to illustrate you rational. 84) Explain the principle of alcohol distillation from mixture of two liquids. Explain and draw a schematic figure. 85) What is the meaning of this value: -1.76X108 ? what are the units? How was this value obtained? 86) What is the mass and charge of a neutron? 87) Write the hydrides of lithium, calcium and potassium. Explain the valance of each element. 88) What is the difference between nitric acid and nitrous acid. Which one is stronger base? Why? 89) Write": Dioxygen difluoride; Rubidium peroxide, Gallium oxide. 90) Most of elements are metals. True ? why? What is mass spectrometer? 91) How many grams in one mole of iodine, oxygen, nitric acid? 92) How many atoms in one mole of oxygen molecule, sodium metal, Mercury chloride? 93) How many atoms in 26.98 gr of Aluminum and in 55.85 grs of Iron? 94) How many grams of carbon in 1.5 mole of C2H5OH (ethanol) 95) What is the mass percent of carbon in C14H20N2SO4? 96) What is missing? (NH4)2Cr2O7 Cr2O3 +N2 +??? 97) What is apercent yield ? give an example and provide a calculation 98) Is it true? Stoichiometry deals with the quantities of materials consumed and produced in chemical reactions? Explain 99) The theoretical yield of a product is the maximum amount that can be produced from a given amount of limiting reactant? True? 100) What is the difference between 24Mg, 25Mg and 26 Mg provide a guess on their abundance (%) 101) How many moles of calcium phosphate are in 1 gr ? 102) Draw a figure of PV against pressure and explain what are the limitations of an ideal gas? 103) What is a electromagnetic radiation? 104) What are the electron configurations of P; Ca, Cl? 105) Arrange in order of a decrease in first ionization energy: Li, Na, K, Rb. 106) What are the freezing points of water, chloroform, nitrogen 107) What is Le Chatelier's principle. Give an example