Download GOAL 2 Review

Goal 2 Review
PreTest
1.
The picture to the right shows a ___________ because it is made of __________.
A. Carbohydrate; sugars
B. Nucleic acid; a sugar, base, and phosphate group
C. Lipid; fatty acids and glycerol
D. Protein; amino acids
2.
All four organic macromolecules have which of the same elements in common?
A. Carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
B. Carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen
C. Oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen
D. Carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorous
3.
How does a eukaryotic organism differ from a prokaryotic organism?
A. A prokaryotic organism is not made of cells.
B. A prokaryotic organism does not contain genetic information.
C. The cells of a prokaryotic organism are smaller than those of a eukaryotic organism.
D. The cells of a prokaryotic organism do not have membrane-bound organelles.
4.
What type of cell is pictured to the right?
A. Animal cell, because it has a cell wall C. Plant cell, because of the chloroplasts
B. Plant cell, because of the nucleus
D.Animal cell, because of the chloroplasts
5.
Enzymes are said to be specific because they:
A. Work at only one temperature B. Work at only one pH
C.Catalyze only certain reactions
D. Are lipids with special functions
6.
Why do most enzymes not function properly after being exposed to high temperatures?
A. They are not reusable
B. They have combined with another enzyme
C.Their active site has been changed
D. Their water content has been reduced
7. What would happen to an ocean animal if removed from its normal habitat and placed into a freshwater pool?
a) loss of water through osmosis
b) loss of water through active transport
c) gain of water through osmosis
d) loss of water through active transport
8. Elodea is a freshwater plant commonly used in freshwater aquariums. If Elodea plants were placed in a saltwater aquarium, which osmotic
process will most likely occur?
a. Salt will enter the plant from the aquarium.
b. Water will enter the plant from the aquarium.
c. Salt will leave the plant and enter the aquarium.
d. Water will leave the plant and enter the aquarium.
9. Which most accurately describes the difference in ATP production between aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration?
A Aerobic respiration produces more ATP than anaerobic respiration. B Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
C Only anaerobic respiration produces measurable amounts of ATP. D Anaerobic and aerobic respiration produce the same amount of ATP.
10. Chloroplasts are found in_____________ cells, to carry out______________.
A plant, Cellular respiration
B plant, Photosynthesis
C all, Reproduction
D all, Protein Synthesis
How many did you miss? _____ 0-5 You better start studying now 6-7 Study a few hours
2.01
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Organic Compounds
8-10 Keep up the good work!
REVIEW!!!
Chains of NUCLEOTIDES form strands of DNA or RNA that hold the genetic information for life.
Chains of AMINO ACIDS form proteins, such as enzymes.
FATTY acids and GLYCEROL form lipids.
Simple SUGARS form carbohydrates.
ALL ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAIN CARBON.
1.What organic compound is this a picture of?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Lipid
C. Nucleic Acid
D. Protein
2. What is the function of this organic compound?
STORE ENERGY, PROTECT ORGANS______
3. Examples of this compound: OIL, BUTTER
4. Test for this compound: BROWN PAPER BAG
1. What organic compound is this a picture of? A. Carbohydrate B. Lipid C. Nucleic Acid D. Protein
2. What is the function of this organic compound?STORE & TRANSFER GENETIC INFO
3. Examples of this compound: _RNA & DNA_________
1. What organic compound is this a picture of?
A. Carbohydrate
C. Nucleic Acid
B. Lipid
D. Protein
2. What is the function of this organic compound?
__IMMEDIATE ENERGY___________________________
3. Examples of this compound: __SUGAR, BREAD____________________
4. Test for this compound:_BENEDICT’s (SIMPLE,) IODINE (STARCH)_________________
1. What organic compound is this a picture of?
A. Carbohydrate
C. Nucleic Acid
B. Lipid
D. Protein
2. What are the functions of this organic compound?
_Bones, Muscles, Enzymes, Speed up reactions
3. Examples of this compound: _Bone, Muscle, Chicken, Steak
4. Test for this compound:_Biuret’s
2.02 Cells
1. _Prokaryote_ are cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles (Ex: bacteria)
2. Eukkaryote____ are cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
3. What is the role of each of the following cell organelles?
Cell membrane: _Controls what enters & leaves the cell
Cell Wall: _____PROTECTS & GIVES TRUCTURE
Mitochondria: ___SITE OF RESPIRATION…GIVES ENERGY/ATP__
Chloroplast: ______SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS, MAKE SUGAR & OXYGEN________
Nucleus: __HOLDS DNA, INSTRUCTS THE CELL ON WHAT TO DO
Ribosome:___SYNTHESIZE(MAKE) PROTEINS
Vacuole: ___STORES WATER
What organelles are found only in plants? _CELL WALL, CHLROPLAST, LARGE VACUOLE
4. Place the following terms in the correct order: tissue, cell, organ system, organ
_CELL_ __TISSUE__  _ORGAN__  _ORGAN SYSTEM
7. How do you determine total magnification of a microscope? (Assume the eyepiece magnifies 10 x and the objective magnifies 40
x) _____MULTIPLY THE EYEPIECE TIMES LENSE
2.03 Cell Transport
1. What is the difference between osmosis & diffusion?__OSMOSIS DEAlS WITH WATER
2. Does passive transport require energy? NO
Does passive transport move with or against the concentration gradient? WITH_
3. Does active transport require energy?__YES_
Does active transport move with or against the concentration gradient? _AGAINST___
6. In passive transport, water moves from _HIGH_ concentration to __LOW concentration.
7. Which direction would the water move? Draw arrows to show.
8. A cell with a 2% solute concentration is placed in a beaker with a 5% solute concentration. What will happen to the cell over time?
a. The cell will gain water and expand.
b. The cell will lose water and shrink.
c. The cell will both gain and lose equal amounts of water; thus, it will remain the same size.
d. The cell will undergo no exchange of water with its surroundings.
9. If the dark molecule is starch, where is the starch concentration greatest (left or right)?
RIGHT
10. If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first?
LEFT
11. In osmosis, water moves from an area of _HIGH to an area of _LOW_ concentration.
If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? Why?
LEFT
12. What does semi-permeable mean? _ONLY CERTAIN THINGS CAN ENTER
2.04 Enzymes
1. What are 3 function of enzymes in biological systems? 1. _SPEED UP REACTIONS (LOWER ACTIVVATION ENERGY)_
2. BREAK DOWN MOLECULES
3. BUILD MOLECULES
3.Explain why enzymes can be reused over and over again ENZYMES ARE NOT CHANGED DURING A REACTION, SO WE
CAN USE THEM OVER AND OVER AGAIN
3. Why is there only one kind of enzyme for each biochemical reaction? ONE ENZYME BREAKS DOWN ONE MOLECULE.
THEY ARE SPECIFIC!!!!
4. How do extreme pH and extreme temperature affect enzymes? DENATURES THE ACTIVE SITE
5.Explain the lock-and-key model of enzymes and substrates THEY ARE SPECIFIC AND THE ENZYME AND SUBSTRATE FIT
TOGETHER LIKE A LOCK & KEY
5. Most enzyme names end in: -ASE
6. Do enzymes lower or increase activation energy (the energy needed to start a reaction?_LOWER
pH
1. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14
2. Neutral pH is 7_ ; Acids are _0_ to __6__ ; Bases are __8___ to __14___
2.05 Photosynthesis
1. Define:photosynthesis___process of turning carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen_
2. What organelle carries out photosynthesis?__chloroplast____
3. What is the primary pigment found in the chloroplast? __chlorophyll___
4. What is the formula for photosynthesis? ________________________________________________
5. Where does the water enter the plant? ______ROOTS_________________________
6. What are some sources of CO2? ______Fossil fuels, respiration__
7. What type of energy does the plant use to convert CO2 and H2O into sugar? ___SOLAR__
8. What is produced in photosynthesis? __SUGAR & OXYGEN
9. What is the glucose used for?__ENERGY!____
2.05 Cellular Respiration
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What is the equation for aerobic respiration? _______________________________________________
What are the products of aerobic respiration? _ATP, CRABON DIOXIDE, WATER
What organelle does aerobic respiration occur in? __MITOCHONDRIA
Does anaerobic respiration require oxygen? _NO
What are the products of lactic acid fermentation?__LACTIC ACID, CARBON DIOXiCE, 2 ATP_______
What are the products of alcoholic fermentation?__ALCOHOL< CARBON DIOXIDE< 2ATP
ATP = _ENERGY_!!!
8. Does anaerobic or aerobic respiration produce more ATP?___AEROBIC
9. How do photosynthesis and respiration relate?__OPPOSITE EQUATIONS____
GOAL 2 Review
_____ carbohydrate
_____ protein
_____ lipid
_____ nucleic acid
_____ ATP
_____ glucose
_____ amino acid
_____ ribosome
_____ nucleus
_____ cell membrane
_____ chloroplast
_____ mitochondria
_____ specialized cell
_____ hormone
_____ receptor
_____ pH
_____ diffusion
_____ osmosis
_____ active transport
_____ passive transport
_____ enzyme
_____ substrate
_____ active site
_____ aerobic
_____ anaerobic
_____ photosynthesis
_____ cellular respiration
b. carbon containing carbohydrate that has stored energy from
photosynthesis
c. a molecule for sending blood borne messages to other parts of a
body
d. the organelle for protein synthesis
e. the building blocks of muscles, enzymes
f. the organelle for photosynthesis
g. a cell that has a specific job
h. the building blocks of proteins
i. moving things in/out of cells with ATP
j. a molecule made of carbon for energy storage and structure within
cells
k. the building blocks of membranes, energy storage
l. the diffusion of water
m. acid or base scale that buffers balance
n. biological catalyst
o. the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP energy
p. in the presence of oxygen
q. the cell organelle that allows things in and out of the cell
r. the energy currency of the cell, a nucleic acid
s. the reactants of a reaction that uses an enzyme
t. a molecule on cell’s membranes used for sensing and
communication
u. the organelle for storage of DNA
v. molecules moving from an area of high concentration to low
concentration
w. the place on an enzyme were the reaction takes place
x. with no oxygen
y. the organelle where aerobic respiration takes place
z. the chemical reaction that produces glucose from CO2 and sunlight
aa. diffusion/osmosis, no energy needed
bb. a molecule used for information and energy