Download Unit 7 World War II World War II Treaty of Versailles: Treaty that ends

 Unit 7
World War II
 World War II
 Treaty of Versailles: Treaty that ends WWI it forces Germany to give up land and pay lots of
money for the damages of WWI.
 German Economy: 4 years after WWI the German economy collapses. German money becomes
worthless. The economy makes a comeback but again collapses in the 1930’s. German people
upset and angry.
 Rise to Power: Hitler rises to power by appealing to German pride. His regime used prejudice
and preached hatred. Hitler becomes head of Germany in 1933. He declares himself dictator.
He banned ALL other political parties. He began jailing and killing those who disagreed with
him. Hitler’s goal was to wipe out all Jews.
 1936: German troops march into the Rhineland. This breaks the Treaty of Versailles.
 Demilitarized: Kept free of armed forces.
 March 1938: German’s take over Austria, There is a protest by England, France and the Soviet
Union -but nobody really does anything about it.
 September 1938: Hitler announces plans to seize part of Czechoslovakia. Again England and
France protest but let Hitler take the land.
 Fascist: Is a person who believes in a rigid, militaristic, one party dictatorship government
 Mussolini: Dictator of Italy: much like Hitler. He marched armies into Ethiopia and Albania.
 Japan: Military leaders very strong. Japan fighting China over land. General Hideki Tojo is the
military leader of Japan.
 European War: war breaks out in Europe on September 1, 1939. Germany attacks Poland.
 Blitzkrieg: “lightening war” sudden warfare intended to surprise the enemy and win a quick
victory.
 Axis: Germany, Italy and Japan formed a war partnership
 June 1941: 3 million German troops attack Russia, by fall 2 ½ million Russian Soldiers are dead.
 1942: Germans resume war they head for Stalingrad in Russia. This is the turning point of WWII.
Nazi’s are on the defense from this point.
 Allies: Britain, Canada. Australia, France and others group together to fight Germany.
 Pearl Harbor: December 7, 1941, Japan attacks, US Planes and ships at Naval Base at Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii. The Next day the US declares war on Japan.
 December 10, 1941: Germany Italy declared war on United States.
 1942: American ships and planes reversed Japan’s momentum. US lands in N. Africa joined
England to defeat Germany in Africa.
 Soviets; suffered huge losses but finally stopped German Army in 1942.
 1943: Allies invade Italy force them to surrender
 1943: Allies cross English Channel from Britain into France-almost a year later Allies defeat the
Nazis and Hitler dies.
 RESULTS OF WAR
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* Economy Shifts
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* Shortage of sugar, coffee, gas, tires
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* Women go to work
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* New jobs created
 Japanese Americans: Treated unfairly, badly Americans of Japanese ancestry were forced to live
in military camps, called relocation centers. They were nothing more than prison camps.
 Big Three: Allied leaders, Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin, U.S., England and Russia are called the
big three.
 Axis: Hitler, Tojo, Mussolini- Germany, Italy and Japan are called the Axis,
 April 1945: FDR, President of the US, dies in office. Vice-President Harry S. Truman, becomes
president
 Atomic Bomb: Truman decides to use the atomic bomb against Japan. The Bomb ends WWII,
but begins a deadly era in human history.
 Exhaustion: Allied troops are exhausted from the war. Axis powers are in ruins. 45 million
people died. 400,000 of them were Americans.
 United States emerges from WWII: as the most powerful nation in the world. The US could
never return to its isolated past.
 Chapter 1: Rise of A Dictator
 Adolf Hitler: was an extremely powerful and appealing speaker. He preached that the strong
must trample and rule the weak, only violence and war could make Germany an Empire.
 Nazis: National Socialist Party- Hitler’s Political Party. Nazi’s rule all of Germany. They want to
make Germany a master race.
 Hitler born in 1889: in Austria. He is part Jewish, he quit high school. He lived in a run-down
Vienna men’s house as a young adult he was very poor. His hatred for man is believed to have
been fueled by his poverty in Vienna. WWI got Hitler out of poverty. He joined the army, where
he was wounded 2 times and awarded Germany's highest honor, the Iron Cross. When
Germany surrendered for WWI he was devastated. He became involved in Politics after the
war.
 Germany’s 2 Great Enemies: Hitler said Germany had 2 enemies “TRAITORS” who had stabbed
Germany in the back –politicians who surrendered at the end of the war signed the Treaty of
Versailles and agreed to pay reparation; the other enemy was the “JEWS” who were responsible
for Germany’s economic problems. Hitler's Hatred of TRAITORS and JEWS became the basis of
his political platform.
 Rise to Power: Hitler rose to power during the Depression. He promised jobs, food, the return
of dignity and greatness.
 1932: Nazi’s planned an overthrow of Germany’s Government. Nazi’s try, but police stop them,
Hitler arrested. In prison, Hitler writes “Mien Kampf” which means My Struggle. This tells of his
plans to overtake Germany and surrounding countries he vowed to deal with the Jewish
Problem
 Rise of Nazism: After getting out of prison. Hitler devoted his life to the Nazi party. Hitler wins
support of business. Business believes only Hitler’s severe methods can save them.
 1933: Hitler appointed chancellor-He then turns the government into his own personal
dictatorship. He becomes the Fuhrer, or leader.
 Hitler becomes Fuhrer: German's loose civil rights over night-All political parties outlawed
except Nazi
 Jews Forbidden: to marry non-Jews, teach or to work as doctors.
 Gestapo: Hitler’s secret police shot or jailed any enemy.
 Third Reich: Hitler called his German empire the Third Reich, after 2 earlier German empires.
Hitler promised Germany that the Third Reich, Nazi’s would control the world.
 American’s Reaction to Hitler: At 1st most did not take him seriously, Pres. Roosevelt began to
warn America, US still didn’t react. America believed the best course was to stay neutral.
 Chapter 2: “Peace For Our Time”
 September 30, 1938: Prime Ministers of England and France. Chamberlin and Daladier made a
deal with Hitler. They gave land along the Czechoslovakian border to Hitler. The people of
France and England thought their leaders saved them from war.
 Summit: A meeting of high level officials.
 Appeasement: The policy of giving into keep peace
 Munich: Hitler and Mussolini, Chamberlin and Daladier have a summit to discuss things. Hitler
tells England’s Chamberlin and France’s Daladier if they give him the land that borders
Czechoslovakia there would be no war. Chamberlin and Daladier argue with Hitler for hoursthey finally decide to give into Hitler and give up Czechoslovakia, which is not theirs to give, to
keep peace. This agreement becomes known as an appeasement.
 Czechoslovakia: Became doomed because of the appeasement. They needed the mountainous
land France and England gave up to Germany for protection. They now had no hope of
defending themselves. Czechoslovakia felt England and France betrayed them.
 Chapter 3: BLITZKRIEG
 Blitzkrieg: sudden warfare intended to surprise the enemy and win a quick victory
 Poland’s Blitzkrieg: Tanks, planes and troops bombed and destroyed Polish cities. Setting on fire
and killing anything left standing that was in their way.
 Polish Soldiers: fight back but guns are old and the polish army was unprepared.
 Polish Territory: Hitler wants the Polish territory, so he could have more land in the East. Hitler
miscalculates world’s reaction to his “BLITZKRIEG” of Poland.
 September 3, 1939: England and France declare war on Germany in response to Hitler’s
“BLITZKRIEG” of Poland.
 Polish Army: England and France can’t help Poland. Germany crushes the Polish Army in 1
month. Poland surrendered on September 27, 1939.
 Secret Agreement: Germany and Russia had a secret agreement signed before the war started.
They agreed to divide Poland between them.
 America Ignores Problems: To most, war is far away- FDR Worried- He slowly persuades
congress to help the Allies of England and France.
 Helping the Allies: At first the US sells guns to England and France then Congress gives them
money to build 1000’s of planes
 June 1940: Germany defeats France- England is left standing against Germany all alone.
 Sept. 1940: US sends 50 old war ships to help England. In return England lets the US “rent”
naval bases in the Caribbean and North America.
 Draft: Congress set a law in 1940 that all men between the ages of 21 and 35 were required to
sign up as candidates for military service.
 Drafted: Called to military service
 German Bombers: Germans pound England in nightly bombing attacks called raids. England was
fighting Germany on tanks in Africa. The English were spread very thin and Roosevelt knew
England would need more help with weapons but they didn’t have the money to pay.
 FDR’s Lend-Lease Program: FDR proposes to Congress that the US lend or Lease weapons to
England. They’ll pay later. Congress agrees. US sends weapons in March 1941.
 Fall 1940: FDR runs for President for the 3rd time. He easily wins making him the 1st President to
be elected to 3 terms in office.
 Factories: 1941-US factories very busy making guns to send to Great Britain.
 September 30, 1938: Prime Ministers of England and France. Chamberlin and Daladier made a
deal with Hitler. They gave land along the Czechoslovakian border to Hitler. The people of
France and England thought their leaders saved them from war.
 Summit: A meeting of high level officials.
 Appeasement: The policy of giving into keep peace
 Chapter 4: The Holocaust
 Concentration Camp: A Prison camp for those the Nazis considered enemies.
 Holocaust: The slaughter of Jews and other people by Nazi’s during WWII.
 Anti-Semitism: A violent hatred and prejudice towards Jews.
 Final Solution: Hitler and his advisor plan to destroy the entire Jewish population in Germany,
then all of Europe. His dream for a “new order” called for a “master Race” in which all “sub
humans (Polish and Russian people, Jews, Gypsies, the handicapped and homosexuals) were
“eliminated” by killing them.
 Auschwitz: A concentration camp in Poland. It had 4 huge gas chambers. 2 ½ million Jews died
in Auschwitz’s gas chambers. At least another 500,000 died there from starvation, abuse or
disease.
 Dr. Joseph Mengele: A Nazi doctor who used human’s (mostly children) as guinea pigs in
horrible medical experiments.
 Genocide: The deliberate murder of an entire group of people.
 Warsaw Ghetto Uprising: 1940: 400,000 Polish Jews are sealed off in a section of Warsaw. If
they tried to leave they were killed. No food, water or medical supplies were allowed in. Many
died of hunger and disease.
 Warsaw Jews Fight Back: German tanks move in to kill the remaining Jews. The Jews use what
little ammunition they had to fight back. They hid in cellars and sewers and fight off the Nazi’s
for 4 weeks. 60,000 Jews die fighting in the Ghetto.
 1942: More than 300,000 Jews were sent to concentration camps
 1943: The remaining survivors of the Warsaw Ghetto are slaughtered.
 Crimes Against Humanity: Hitler continues to have Jews slaughtered until the end of the war in
1945. After the war some Nazis were brought to trial for their “Crimes Against Humanity”
 5,700,000 Jews: ½ of all the Jews in Europe are killed by Hitler
 56 million other people die as a result of WWII
 61 Million people total die as a result of WWII
 Chapter 5: “This Is No Drill”
 Premier: Japan’s head of government is General Hideki Tojo.
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EMBARGO
 Iron: US puts an embargo on Iron sell to Japan in 1940.
 Oil: US puts an embargo on all oil that sails to Japan in 1941
 Japan-US Peace Talks: US holds peace talks with Japan in Nov. 1941. They didn’t accomplish
anything. US wants Japan out of China. Japan won’t agree to leave.
 Nov. 29, 1941: Japan secretly sets this day as the cut off for peace talks- If no agreement is
reached by 11/29/41- Japan would secretly plan to bomb Pearl Harbor.
 Nov. 26, 1941: A large Japanese Fleet of Ships secretly sails towards Hawaii.
 “Climb Mount Nitaka”: was the code sent to tell the Japanese fleet to bomb Pearl Harbor.
 Dec. 7, 1941: The day that is set for the attack.
 7:02 am: 2 army privates see blips on their radar screen. They phone their Commanding Officer
who tells them not to worry that they are just US Planes on a drill
 7:55 am The 1st Japanese plane attacked. Navy loudspeakers blare: AIR RAID-PEARL HARBORTHIS IS NO DRILL
 10:00 AM: The attack ended. Pearl Harbor was a burning wreck
 2, 400 People are killed, 1200 people are wounded, 18 ships are sunk, and 188 US planes are
destroyed.
 Pacific Fleet Gone: In 2 hours most of the Pacific Fleet is destroyed. The next day FDR goes to
congress to ask congress to declare war on Japan, takes congress 40 minutes to vote and WAR IS
DECLARED.
 Chapter 6: The War at Home
 12 million Americans: joined the armed forces
 1941-1945: 15 million Americans move from farms to cities to help the war effort.
 African Americans, the disabled and women: see rise in job opportunities
 African Americans and women: faced discrimination in the military so they looked for jobs to
help in the war effort.
 Army: accepted African Americans but kept them in segregated units under the command of
white officers
 White women: recruited for clerical and nursing jobs, black women kept out because of quotas.
 Quota: the number of people of a certain race or sex allowed for a job
 Rosie the Riveter: women hired to do all kinds of “man” jobs.
 Rationing: dividing up goods during times of scarcity.
 Sugar, coffee, tires, gasoline, nylons, shoes: were all rationed. The government issued coupons
to buy.
 Victory Gardens: gardens planted to help supply food for the army
 War Bonds: people bought bond to help finance the war.
 Homelessness: So many people move to the city to help the war effort that they are homeless,
looking for houses.
 1943 Riots: Whites riot in the summer of 1943 against African Americans. 34 people die and 800
are injured
 Baby Boom: After WWII Americans want stability- they begin marrying younger and having more
children
 Chapter 7: D-Day and Kamikazes
 D-Day: The invasion of Western Europe by the Allies on June 6, 1944. 4,000 ships carried
175,000 men From the English Channel to Normandy in France.
 Hiding in the Sand: Nazi Field Marshal Erwin Rommel had gunners hide in the sand. As the allies
cam in range they popped out of the sand and opened fire.
 Omaha Beach: Americans’ gained little and lost a lot. Troops kept pouring in and the tide
started to finally turn. Hitler thought that the news of the attacks was fake. Allies broke
through the German line and chase the German army across France.
 Japanese Admiral Masafumi Arima: suggests using “unskilled” pilots as kamikazes to strike at US
aircraft carriers.
 USS Franklin: US aircraft carrier hit by a kamikaze pilot which killed 1000 US sailors.
 Kamikaze pilots: believed that they would honor their families when they crashed their planes.
These pilots were not trained on how to land the plane because they were not expected to
make it back
 Iwo Jima: Feb. 1945: Wave of Kamikazes struck and sank an aircraft carrier that killed or
wounded 700 men.
 America bombs Kamikaze airfields: They bomb airplane factories and the countryside, but Japan
will not surrender
 Chapter 8 : A-Bomb
 Hiroshima: August 6, 1945, 8:15: Air sirens sound, a bright Flash occurs; The Enola Gay dropped
the 1st atomic bomb on Hiroshima.
 Scientists: begin work on the atomic bomb in 1941. The project was top secret. It was called
The Manhattan Project.
 Harry S. Truman: becomes President after FDR dies in office. He did not know about the
Manhattan Project until after he became President.
 Atomic Bomb or A Bomb: equivalent to 20,000+ tons of TNT for power. Stronger than any other
bomb ever used.
 Alamogordo, New Mexico: Test site for the bomb
 July 1945: US, England and China give Japan one last chance to surrender or face “prompt and
utter destruction " Japan refused.
 Okinawa: US drives Japan from Okinawa in June 1945. Very bloody battle, 11,260 Americans die
and 160,000 Japanese die. Truman realizes that any battle on the mainland of Japan is going to
cause huge losses of life; he felt he had no other choice but to drop the A-Bomb when Japan
refused to surrender after Okinawa’s bloody battle.
 US drops A-Bomb: The heat given off from the bomb is so hot that the steel in buildings melts
and bubbles like boiling water. It reduces the city to a rubble filled wasteland in seconds.
 1,000’s buried alive from the blast, some were able to dig out, Fire raged throughout the city.
Those who survived were dazed, bleeding and had nowhere to go for help. The hospitals were
gone or wrecked and the doctors were hurt or dead.
 Radiation Sickness: 2 weeks after the blast thousands become sick, their hair falls out; they
become week, had fevers, loose teeth and have red spots all over their skin. They were
suffering from radiation sickness
 70,000-80,000: people die in the blast or from the blast within a year. 80,000 are injured
 Japan Keeps fighting: Japan keeps fighting even after the A-Bomb is dropped.
 August 9, 1945: US drops 2nd A-Bomb on Nagasaki-it completely destroys the City and anyone
who lived there.
 August 10, 1945: Truman warns Japan more A-Bombs will be dropped unless they surrender.
 August 14, 1945: The Emperor of Japan surrenders. WWII comes to an end.
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