Download Industrial Revolution Vertical Timeline

Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt Timeline
4500 B. C. – Settling of Mesopotamia
Circa 4500 B.C. wandering people settled in large numbers in the area and
began farming. They created a 12 month calendar based on the phases of
the moon and the plow. Some of the villages and towns became city-states.
The city-state was a theocracy. The earliest of the city-states rose in an
area called Sumer. The Sumerians created a system of writing known as
cuneiform.
3200 B. C. – Egyptians Begin mummifying their dead
Egyptians believed in life after death. They embalmed their dead to
preserve the body for their next life. They would preserve the body
immediately after death as a mummy and would bury their dead in tombs.
The largest tombs belonged to the pharaohs and were called pyramids.
3100 B. C. – Upper and Lower Egypt are united
Egyptian civilization grew out of the Nile River valley. Egypt expanded as
far as Mesopotamia in the north and southward to present day Sudan. The
two kingdoms of Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt were united circa 3100 B.C.
under a pharaoh, a great ruler.
2300 B. C. – the Akkad Empire conquered Sumer
Circa 2300 B.C. the warlike kingdom of Akkad conquered Sumer and several
other city-states to create the first empire. Southern Mesopotamia became
known as the "land of Sumer and Akkad"; Akkadian became the name of a
language; and the arts rose to new heights.
1800 B. C. – Hammurabi creates the 1st written Law
King of Babylon, King Hammurabi created a code called Hammurabi’s Code, it
contained the first written law, an attempt to bring some justice and
fairness to the idea of law. The Code consists of 282 laws, with
punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" depending on
social status.
c. 1300 B. C. – Judaism is established
Judaism is the "religion, philosophy, and way of life" of the Jewish people.
It is a monotheistic religion and one of the oldest religions still existing
today. It began as the religion of the small nation of the Hebrews, and
through thousands of years of suffering, persecution, dispersion, and
occasional victory, has continued to be a profoundly influential religion and
culture.
1000 B. C. – Jerusalem made the capital of Israel
Jerusalem is a holy city to the three main Abrahamic religions—Judaism,
Christianity and Islam. In Judaism, Jerusalem has been the holiest city
since, according to the Torah; King David of Israel first established it as
the capital of the United Kingdom of Israel in c. 1000 BC. In Christianity,
Jerusalem has been a holy city since, according to the New Testament;
Jesus was crucified in c. 30. In Islam, Jerusalem is the third-holiest city.
It became the focal point for Muslim prayer in 610 CE according to the
Qur’an; Mohammed made his Night Journey there ten years later.
c. 33 A. D. – Christianity is Established
Christianity developed from Judaism. It is a monotheistic religion based on
the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as presented in the New
Testament, which was written after his death by his disciples. Christians
believe Jesus is the Son of God and the Messiah, a spiritual savior, the Jews
prophesied in the Hebrew Bible, the Tanakh.
c. 622 A.D. – Islam is established
Islam, like Christianity, developed from Judaism. It is a monotheistic
religion considered by its followers to be the absolute word of God. It was
founded by Muhammad, the last Prophet of Islam. Muslims believe that the
purpose of life is to worship God; their religious practices include the Five
Pillars of Islam.
1820 A. D. – The Rosetta Stone is Discovered
In 1820, the Rosetta Stone provided the key that cracked the code for
hieroglyphics, a form of picture writing with about 800 signs used by the
Egyptians.