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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,
BANGALORE, KARNATAKA.
ANNEXURE II
PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1.
NAME OF THE CANDIDATE
Dr. DEEPA BASAVARAJ BENNI
AND ADDRESS (IN BLOCK
POSTGRADUATE STUDENT
LETTERS)
DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTICS
AND PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY,
COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES,
DAVANGERE – 577 004,
KARNATAKA.
2.
NAME OF THE INSTITUTION
COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES,
DAVANGERE – 577 004,
KARNATAKA.
3.
COURSE OF STUDY
MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY
AND SUBJECT
PEDODONTICS AND PREVENTIVE
DENTISTRY.
4.
DATE OF ADMISSION TO THE
COURSE
31/05/2008
AN IN VITRO STUDY TO
5.
TITLE OF THE DISSERTATION:
EVALUATE THE EFFECT OF
TWO ETHANOL BASED AND
TWO ACETONE BASED DENTAL
BONDING AGENTS ON THE
BOND STRENGTH OF
COMPOSITE TO ENAMEL
TREATED WITH 10%
CARBAMIDE PEROXIDE.
6.
BRIEF RESUME OF INTENDED WORK
6.1 Need for the study:
Tooth discoloration is becoming a greater concern as more emphasis is
placed on esthetics1. Patients are increasingly aware of their facial esthetics.
Various whitening systems are being currently used to bleach teeth, of that 10%
carbamide peroxide bleaching has been a procedure that has grown dramatically
in popularity because of its efficiency and simplicity to lighten the discolouration
of teeth5.
After the use of bleaching material, teeth are usually significantly lighter,
pre existing restorations do not change and hence should be replaced to match
the colour of the teeth achieved with the bleaching treatment for the esthetic
enhancement.
Current light cured dental adhesives polymerize by a free radical
polymerization. However, it is unknown whether immediate bonding of resin
after bleaching procedure decreases the bond strength of some restorative
materials. Some studies have shown significantly lower average values of bond
strength of composite resin to bleached enamel compared to unbleached enamel7.
Others have reported no differences in bond strength values after exposing to
artificial saliva during or after bleaching procedure8.
Kalili et al proposed that polymerization inhibition could result from
oxygen released by the bleaching agents and also suggested that the application
of an alcohol based bonding agent may have been able to minimize the inhibitory
effects of the bleaching process by the interaction of alcohol with residual
oxygen1.
Since there is a paucity of information available and in view of limited
work done on this aspect, this invitro study is planned to evaluate the effect of
two ethanol based and two acetone based dental bonding agents on the bond
strength of composite to enamel treated with 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching
agent.
6.2 Review of literature:
A study was carried out to assess the adhesion of resin composite with the
enamel that has been treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide. It was hypothesized
that there was a highly significant reduction in shear bond strength between
hydrogen peroxide and saline treated specimens. It indicated that the reduction in
bond strength may be related to alterations in the ability of the resin to attach
itself to the hydrogen peroxide treated surface and to the possible effects of the
hydrogen peroxide on the resin itself2.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of enamel bleaching on the
debonding strength of the orthodontic brackets. It was concluded that bleaching
of teeth with carbamide peroxide does not significantly affect the shear bonding
strength of orthodontic brackets3.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an In-office bleaching
regimen on the composite to enamel bond. It supported the hypothesis that
peroxide bleaching of enamel will result in reduction in composite to enamel
bond strength that is time dependant4.
A study was carried out to examine the shear bond strength of enamel
treated with different concentrations of carbamide peroxide to an adhesive
system after a post bleaching period of storage in artificial saliva for fifteen days.
It stated that the hypothesis regarding the residual peroxide and or oxygen as a
factor that affects the polymerization of the adhesive system and composite
resins may be taken into account. It was concluded that concentrations of
carbamide peroxide agents from 10 to 22% cause no difference in shear bond
strength of enamel to an adhesive system after 15 days of storage in artificial
saliva5.
A study was conducted to evaluate the microhardness and shear bond
strength of human enamel treated with an 18% carbamide peroxide varnish. The
result of this in vitro study suggested that the 18% carbamide bleaching varnish
does not affect enamel mineral content if used for seven days treatment,
independently of the protocol chosen. However, changes in enamel mineral
content were observed if used twice daily with a 5hr time interval after 14 days
treatment, although restorative procedure are recommended after seven days
post bleaching treatment6.
6.3 Aims and Objectives of the Study:
The present in vitro study is planned to investigate the effect of two ethanol
based dental bonding agent (Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray; Adper SE plus, 3M
ESPE) and two acetone based dental bonding agent (Prime and Bond NT,
Dentsply; 1 Step plus, Bisco) on the shear bond strength of composites to enamel
treated with 10% carbamide peroxide.
7.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
7.1 Source of Data :
Freshly extracted non carious incisors collected from Department of Oral
Surgery, College of Dental Sciences, Davangere and will be stored in isotonic
saline till used for this study.
Materials to be used :
1. Freshly extracted teeth
2. Isotonic saline solution
3. 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching agent (Opalescence; Ultradent)
4. 37% phosphoric acid (Total etch; Prime Dental)
5. 2 Ethanol based dental bonding agent
 Clearfil SE Bond, Kuraray
 Adper SE plus, 3M ESPE
6. 2 Acetone based dental bonding agent
 Prime and Bond NT, Dentsply
 1 step plus, Bisco
7. Composite (Filtek Z 350; 3M ESPE)
8. Applicator tip
9. Cement carrier
10.Cold cure acrylic resin (DPI-RR Cold cure)
Equipments :
 INSTRON universal testing machine (Model No. FA -50)
 Light curing unit (3M ESPE )
7.2 Method of Collecting Data
120 freshly extracted incisors will be collected from Department of Oral
Surgery, College Dental Sciences, Davangere and will be stored in isotonic
saline till they are used for the study
Inclusion criteria
Sound, non carious incisors will be selected.
Parameter :
Shear bond strength evaluation.
The following Method is carried out :
 120 freshly extracted incisors will be used in this study. It will be stored
in isotonic saline until required. Before use, roots will be sectioned 2mm
below the cementoenamel junction and will be embedded in acrylic resin
(1inch diameter and 1inch height). All specimens will be polished with
pumice before use and divided into two groups of sixty each.
 GROUP I - Experimental group (60 Teeth)
Teeth will be treated with 10% carbamide peroxide bleaching regimen.
 GROUP II - Control (60 Teeth)
 On completion of bleaching, all specimens in experimental group will be
stored in isotonic saline for 24 hours.
 Control groups will not be bleached and will be stored in isotonic saline
for 24 hrs.
 Before composite bonding, all specimens will be conditioned with 37%
phosphoric acid for 30 sec and rinsed with water for 10 seconds and dried.
 Four dental bonding agents (2 ethanol based, 2 acetone based) will be
used and accordingly the groups will be subdivided, each containing 15
specimens.
 Group I A – Ethanol based dental bonding agents (Clearfil SE Bond,
Kuraray) will be applied to the bleached enamel and cured according to
manufacturers instructions.
 Group I B - Ethanol based dental bonding agent (Adper SE plus, 3M
ESPE) will be applied to the bleached enamel and cured according to
manufacturers instruction
 Group I C - Acetone based dental bonding agent (Prime and Bond NT,
Dentsply) will be applied to the bleached enamel and cured according to
manufacturer’s instructions.
 Group I D -Acetone based dental bonding agent (1 Step plus, Bisco) will
be applied to the bleached enamel and cured according to manufacturer’s
instructions.
 Group II A – Ethanol based dental bonding agent (Clearfil SE Bond,
Kuraray ) will be applied to the control group and cured according to
manufacturer’s instructions.
 Group II B - Ethanol based dental bonding agent ( Adper SE plus, 3M
ESPE ) will be applied to the control group and cured according to
manufacturer’s instructions..
 Group II C - Acetone based dental bonding agent ( Prime and Bond NT ,
Dentsply ) will be applied to the control group and cured according to
manufacturer’s instructions.
 Group II D
-Acetone based dental bonding agent (1 Step plus, Bisco)
will be applied to the control group and cured according to manufacturers
instructions.
 Stainless steel ring of diameter 4mm and height 3mm will be placed on
the bonded enamel surface and Composite resin will be built
incrementally and cured according to the manufacturer’s instructions..
 After curing the composite resin, all specimens will be stored in isotonic
saline for 24 hours and bond strength will be determined with an Instron
universal testing machine.
7.3: Does the study require any investigation or interventions to be conducted
on patients or other humans or animals? if so, please describe briefly.
Not applicable
7.4 : Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.3
Not applicable
LIST OF REFERENCES :
1. E.C.SUNG, S.M.CHAN, R.MITO, A.A.CAPUTO; Effect of carbamide peroxide
bleaching on the shear bond strength of composite to dental bonding agent
enhanced enamel. J Prosthet Dent 1999; 82; 5 595-599.
2. K.C.TITLEY, C.D.TRONECK, N.D. RUSE, D.KRMEC; Adhesion of resin
composite to bleached and unbleached human enamel. J Endo 1993;1; 3;112-115.
3. SAMIR E.BISHARA, ABDEL-HAK SULIEMAN, MARK OCSON; Effect of
enamel bleaching on the bonding strength of orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod
Dentofac orthop 1993;104:444-7
4. MICHAEL V DISHMAN , DAVID A COVEY, LINDA W; The effects of
peroxide bleaching on composite to enamel bond strength .Dent mater 1994; 9; 33
36
5. ROBERTA TARKANY BASTING, JOSE AUGUSTO et al ; Shear bond strength
of enamel treated with 7 carbamide peroxide bleaching agent .J Esthet Restor
Dent 2004; 16; 250-260
6. ROBSON TETSUO SASAKI, CINTHIA MARIA BARBOSA, FLAVIA
MARTIO FLORIO, BOBERTA TARKANY BASTING; Enamel microhardness
and shear bond strength after treatment with an 18% carbamide peroxide
bleaching varnish. Am J Dent 2007; 20; 324-328
7. GARCIA-GODOY, W W DODGE, M DONOHUE, J A OQUINN; Composite
resin bond strength after enamel bleaching. Operat Dent 1993; 18; 144-147
8. MURCHINSON DF, CHARLTON DG, MOORE BK; Carbamide peroxide
bleaching; effects on enamel surface hardness and bonding. Operat Dent 1992; 17;
181-185.
9
SIGNATURE OF CANDIDATE
10
REMARKS OF THE GUIDE
11
NAME AND DESIGNATION OF
(IN BLOCK LETTERS)
11.1 GUIDE
Dr. SATHYAJITH NAIK, M.D.S.
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR,
DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTICS
& PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY,
COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES,
DAVANGERE – 577 004,
KARNATAKA.
11.2 SIGNATURE
11.3 CO-GUIDE (IF ANY)
11.4 SIGNATURE
11.5 HEAD OF DEPARTMENT
Dr. V.V. SUBBA REDDY, M.D.S.
PROFESSOR, PRINCIPAL & HOD,
DEPARTMENT OF PEDODONTICS
& PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY,
COLLEGE OF DENTAL SCIENCES,
DAVANGERE – 577 004,
KARNATAKA.
11.6 SIGNATURE
12
12.1 REMARKS OF THE
CHAIRMAN AND PRINCIPAL.
12.2 SIGNATURE