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Chapter 6 >> Study Guide - Rocks
1.
Name the three types of rocks studied in this chapter and describe how each is formed. Give an example of
each.
a.
Igneous-cooling of lava or magma; Ex. Granite, basalt
b.
Sedimentary-compaction & cementation of sediments; Ex. Sandstone, Limestone
c.
Metamorphic-Heat, pressure, chemical reactions; Ex. Slate, marble
2. How is the formation of sandstone, rock salt, and coal similar? How is their formation different?
They all form from the compacting and cementing of layers of sediment. Sandstone, however, is CLASTIC, so its
sediments come from fragments of other rock. Rock salt is CHEMICAL so its sediments form when minerals fall
out of solutions (precipitate) during evaporation. Coal is ORGANIC so its sediments contain remains of plants &/or
animals.
3. Why does obsidian have a glassy texture? Why doesn’t gabbro?
Obsidian cools so quickly on the surface that crystals do not have time to form. Gabbro is intrusive so it cools
more slowly underground, so crystals are larger-coarse grained.
4.
How and why is the appearance of conglomerate different from granite?
Conglomerate is a sedimentary rock made of larger pebbles cemented together. Because it forms near water, the
pebbles are smoothed by the movement of water. Granite is also coarse grained but forms from magma cooling
slowly underground
5. What is the rock cycle? Draw &/or describe it.
The rock cycle is the change of one rock to another by various processes.
6. Identify the sequence of processes that form sedimentary rock.
Sediments that form from erosion and weather of other rocks are deposited in layers, compacted and pressed
together and cemented by dissolved minerals in water.
7. Compare & contrast rocks and minerals. (do not just give a definition of each)
Minerals must have the following 5 characteristics: 1. Inorganic 2. Crystal structure 3. Solid 4. Definite chemical
composition 5. Naturally occurring
Rocks are also naturally occurring and solid, but they do not have a definite chemical composition and organic
sedimentary rocks contain dead material.
1) Match each phrase with the word that best fits. Write the letter in the blank.
2) After each vocab word, write the rock type that is best associated with that term
I=igneous
S=sedimentary
M=metamorphic
_____ 1. Granite is an example of this type of rock composition A
A. felsic
___I__
_____ 2. The process in which sediments are glued together B
B. cementation __S___
_____ 3. Sedimentary rocks formed from solutions of chemicals in water C C. chemical
__S___
_____ 4. Sedimentary rocks formed from fragments of other rocks D
D. clastic
__S___
_____ 5. To make smaller, more dense E
E. compaction
__S___
_____ 6. The process by which sediment settles out of water F
F. deposition
__S___
_____ 7. Molten material underground N
G. igneous rock __I___
_____ 8. The process in which water or wind carry away sediments H
H. erosion
__S___
_____ 9. The visible layering in sedimentary rocks R
I. extrusive
__I___
_____ 10. Minerals are not aligned in a metamorphic rock P
J. foliated
__M___
_____ 11. Type of igneous rock formed below ground K
K. intrusive
__I___
_____ 12. Molten material on the Earth’s surface S
L. Weathering
__S___
_____ 13. Dark colored igneous rocks M
M. mafic
__I___
_____ 14. Rocks formed from molten material G
N. magma
__I___
_____ 15. Texture in which minerals align J
O. marble
__M___
_____ 16. Rock with sugary appearance that should fizz when acid added O P. nonfoliated
__M___
_____ 17. Sedimentary rocks formed from once living materials Q
Q. organic
__S___
_____ 18. Type of igneous rock formed above ground I
R. stratification __S___
_____ 19. The breaking down of rocks, either mechanically or chemically L S. lava
__I___
21. Use the following terms to create a concept map: chemical, clastic, extrusive, foliated, igneous,
intrusive, metamorphic, nonfoliated, organic, sedimentary.
(1 point each)
Rocks
can be
Igneous
Sedimentary
which can be
which can be
Metamorphic
which can be
Nonfoliate
d
Intrusive
Organic
Extrusive
Foliated
Chemical
Clastic
22) In this rock type you can find fossils.
a) Sedimentary
b) Igneous
c) Metamorphic
23) Metamorphic rocks are changed by:
a) heat, hot liquids and pressure
b) melting of surrounding rock
c) cementation of grains
d) slow cooling rates
24) When a metamorphic rocks’ crystals are lined up, the rock
is said to display:
a) unfoliation
b) nonfoliation
c) foliation
d) strata
25) It’s the rock that turns to marble through metamorphism.
a) Sandstone
b) Shale
c) Siltstone
d) Limestone
26) The intrusion and cooling of magma into older rock layers
causes the creation of:
a) contact metamorphic rock and limestone
b) regional metamorphic rock and shale
c) contact metamorphic rock and various intrusive
igneous rock formations
d) contact metamorphic rock and various extrusive
igneous rock formations
27) The name of the ongoing process that models the change
of rock from one type to another.
a) The law of Superposition
b) Lithosphere
c) The Rock Cycle
d) Biosphere
28) Clastic igneous rocks
a) do not exist
b) are made of fragments of other rocks
c) cool slowly
d) cool fast
29) Clastic sedimentary rocks
a) do not exist
b) are made of fragments of other rocks
c) cool slowly
d) cool fast
30) It can be organic in origin or chemical in origin, but not
both at the same time.
a) Sandstone
b) Pumice
c) Limestone
38) This
a)
b)
c)
d)
31) Sandstone is made of:
a) silt-sized particles
b) sand-sized particles
c) boulder-sized particles
d) small marine creatures
39) Sills and Laccoliths are similar because
a) they were once magma that flowed parallel to rock
strata
b) they were never magma
c) they were batholiths
32) Rock Salt is this type of sedimentary rock.
a) Clastic
b) Molten
c) Organic
d) Chemical
40) Extrusive is to Volcanic as Intrusive is to
a) Plutonic
b) Evaporites
c) Basaltic
33) It does not break up the rock, but it does transport rock.
a) Erosion
b) Weathering
c) Transportation
d) Deposition
34) These two minerals serve as the cement in most clastic
sedimentary rocks.
a) Halite and Pyrite
b) Gold and Calcite
c) Calcite and Quartz
d) Quartz and Feldspar
35) The
a)
b)
c)
d)
crystal size in igneous rocks is controlled by
Heating rate of the rock
Flow rate of the lava
Cooling rate of the magma and lava
Cementation of the grains
36) Mafic is to Basalt as Felsic is to
a) Pumice
b) Granite
c) Feldspar
d) Quartz
37) Molten rock on Earth’s surface is called
a) magma
b) igneous intrusions
c) Granite
d) lava
rock is ____ and it floats. It is called ____ .
dense, granite
extrusive, basalt
intrusive, pumice
extrusive, pumice
41) A person that always butts in, and an igneous rock that
cools underground.
a) Aunt Mable
b) Intrusive
c) Extrusive
d) Basaltic
42) Choose the best order (oldest to youngest)
a) mud, shale, slate
b) slate, shale, mud
c) shale, slate, mud
d) mud, slate, shale
43) Metamorphic rocks can be formed into other types of
metamorphic rocks
a) True
b) False
44) What is the relative grain size in igneous rocks that
cooled quickly?
a) Very big
b) Small
c) Medium
45) What is the major source of chemical weathering over the
entire globe?
a) Groundwater
b) Ocean water
c) Rain water
d) Drinking water
46) The three types of sedimentary rocks are:
a) metamorphic, igneous, sedimentary
b) clastic, chemical, organic
c) chemical, organic, metamorphic
d) clastic, organic, sedimentary