Download Phylum Arthropoda Read the passage below, which covers topics

Phylum Arthropoda
Read the passage below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the questions that
follow.
A rigid exoskeleton limits the size to which an arthropod can grow. So, each arthropod
periodically sheds its exoskeleton and makes a new one in the process of molting. An arthropod
goes through many cycles of molting during its life.
A cycle of molting begins as the tissues of an arthropod gradually swell. When the pressure
inside the exoskeleton is very strong, a hormone that triggers molting is produced. In response
to this hormone, the cells of the epidermis secrete enzymes that digest the inner layer of the
exoskeleton. At the same time, the epidermis begins to make a new exoskeleton by using the
digested material. Eventually, the outer layer of the old exoskeleton loosens, breaks apart, and is
shed. The new exoskeleton, which is flexible at first, stretches to fit the enlarged animal.
Read each question and write your answer in the space provided.
SKILL: Recognizing Cause-and-Effect Relationships
1. What causes an arthropod to produce a hormone that induces molting?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
2. What two effects does the presence of this hormone have on the arthropod?
___________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________
Circle the letter of the word or phrase that best completes the statement.
3. Each time an arthropod molts, the organism becomes
a. better able to hide from predators.
b. more adapted to its surroundings.
c. larger.
d. more flexible.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
Phylum Arthropoda
Subphylum Crustacea
Read the figure below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the questions that
follow.
Appendage
Antennule
Antenna
Mandible
Maxilla
Maxilliped
Cheliped
Walking leg
Swimmeret
Crayfish Appendages
Function
touch, taste, balance
touch, taste
chew food
manipulate food, draw water currents over gills
touch, taste, manipulate food
capture food, defense
locomotion over solid surfaces
create water currents, transfer sperm (males)
Read each question and write your answer in the space provided.
SKILL: Forming Analogies
1. Complete the following analogy: “Locomotion is to walking leg as defense is to ___________________ .”
2. Complete the following analogy: “Antennule is to antenna as maxilla is to
________________________ .”
Circle the letter of the word that best completes the analogy.
3. Mandible is to chew as swimmeret is to
a. defense.
b. create water currents.
c. balance.
d. draw water over gills.
Modern Biology Active Reading Worksheets
Subphyla Chelicerata and Myriapoda
Read the passage below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the questions that
follow.
The nervous, digestive, and circulatory systems of spiders are similar to those of crustaceans.
Because spiders are terrestrial, however, their respiratory system is quite different. In some
spiders, respiration occurs in book lungs, paired sacs in the abdomen with many parallel folds
that resemble the pages of a book. The folds in a book lung provide a large surface area for gas
exchange. Other spiders have a system of tubes called tracheae that carry air directly to the
tissues from openings in the exoskeleton known as spiracles. Some spiders have both book
lungs and tracheae.
The excretory system of spiders is also modified for life on land. The main excretory organs,
called Malpighian tubules, are hollow projections of the digestive tract that collect body fluids
and wastes and carry them to the intestine. After most of the water is reabsorbed, the wastes
leave the body in nearly solid form with the feces. Thus, the Malpighian tubules help spiders
conserve water in terrestrial environments.
Fill in the blank to complete each sentence.
SKILL: Completing Sentences
1. The folds of a book lung provide a large surface area for _______________________ .
2. The respiratory system of a spider may contain both book lungs and _________.
3. The main organs of the excretory system are the _______________________________.
Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the analogy.
4. Book lungs are to respiratory system as Malpighian tubules are to
a. digestive system.
b. circulatory system.
c. excretory system.
d. Both (a) and (b)
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
Phylum Arthropoda
The Insect World
Read the passage below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the questions that
follow.
The body of a grasshopper clearly shows three tagmata. The most anterior tagma, the head,
bears the mouthparts. It also has a pair of unbranched antennae as well as simple and compound
eyes.
The middle tagma, the thorax, is divided into three parts: the prothorax, mesothorax, and
metathorax. The prothorax attaches to the head and bears the first pair of walking legs. The
mesothorax bears the forewings and the second pair of walking legs. The metathorax attaches to
the abdomen and bears the hindwings and the large jumping legs.
Leathery forewings cover and protect the membranous hind-wings when the grasshopper
isn’t flying.
The segments in the most posterior tagma, the abdomen, are composed of upper and lower
plates that are joined by a tough but flexible sheet of exoskeleton. The exoskeleton is covered by
a waxy cuticle that is secreted by the cells of the epidermis. The rigid exoskeleton supports the
grasshopper’s body, and the cuticle retards the loss of body water.
Read each description. On the line, write the name of the structure of the grasshopper’s
external anatomy described.
SKILL: Identifying Main Ideas
_________________________
1. cover and protect the hindwings
_________________________
2. part of the middle tagma that bears the forewings and walking legs
_________________________
3. covered by a waxy cuticle
Circle the letter of the word or phrase that best completes the analogy.
4. Exoskeleton is to support as cuticle is to
a. vision.
b. water retention.
c. protection.
d. movement.
Modern Biology Active Reading Worksheets
Insect Behavior
Read the passage below, which covers topics from your textbook. Answer the questions that
follow.
Some insects, such as certain species of bees, wasps, ants, and termites, live in complex colonies.
In these colonies, some individuals gather food, others protect the colony, and others reproduce.
Insects that live in such colonies are called social insects. The division of labor among social
insects creates great interdependence and a heightened need for communication.
The behavioral adaptations of one type of social insect, the honeybee, are neither taught nor
learned. Instead, they are genetically determined. Genetically determined behavior is called
innate behavior.
A honeybee colony consists of three distinct types of individuals: worker bees, the queen bee,
and drones. Worker bees are nonreproductive females that make up the vast majority of the
hive population. The queen bee is the only reproductive female in the hive, and her only
function is to reproduce. Drones are males that develop from unfertilized eggs. Their only
function is to deliver sperm to the queen.
Read each question and write your answer in the space provided.
SKILL: Identifying Main Ideas
1. What is an innate behavior?
________________________________________________________________________________________
2. What are the three classes of individuals that make up a honeybee colony?
________________________________________________________________________________________
Circle the letter of the phrase that best completes the sentence.
3. The queen bee of a honeybee colony differs from other members in that she
a. is the only reproductive female in the colony.
b. gathers food for the drones.
c. protects other members of the colony.
d. is the only nonreproductive female in the colony.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
Phylum Arthropoda