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Biology 20 – Kingdom Animalia – Phylum Arthropoda Notes
Phylum Arthropoda (pg. 706)
Characteristics of Arthropods
 Segmented bodies divided into 3 regions _____________________
 In some arthropods, the head and thorax is fused into a __________
 ______________ that are always found ______________.
 Exoskeleton is made of _______________.
 Because the exoskeleton does not grow, young arthropods must
periodically _____________________ its exoskeleton in a process
called ____________________.
 Complex _________________________________________
 Nervous system – ______________________________________.
 Adapted for land, water, and air
 Well developed _________________________________________
 Dorsal ________________ & ______________ circulatory system
 Terrestrial arthropods have holes in their exoskeleton to allow for
______________. These holes are called ____________________
Class Crustacea
Characteristics
 All are marine or aquatic. (How do they breathe?) _____________.
 Have 2 body segments; A _________________________________
______________________ and an ___________________.
 Possess 2 pair of __________________. Functions include sensory,
locomotion or feeding.
 All have a thick ______________________ which they molt.
 There are usually 5 pairs of ___________________ strengthened for
walking (___________________) and protection (___________
pincer-like claws)
 Groups with a well-developed abdomen usually possess six pairs of
appendages: Five pairs of structures called ___________________
(_______________); one pair of structures called ______________
 Uropods together with the terminal _________________ form a tail
fan than can serve as rudders during locomotion
Helpful
 Many are ________________________
 Vital link in the food chain
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Biology 20 – Kingdom Animalia – Phylum Arthropoda Notes
 Daphnia are used in research and drug testing
Harmful
 Some barnacles are ______________________
Eg.____________________________________________________
Class Chilopoda
 Serial segmented, flattened body and each segment has a pair of
jointed appendages
 Active predators, killing their prey with _______________, which
are modified ___________________________ on first segment
 The head has 1 pair of ________________ and various mouthparts
 What kind of arthropod is this? Eg._________________________.
Helpful
 Common household ____________________ are harmless to homes.
They eat many household pests such as bed bugs, weevils and
cockroaches
Harmful
 Poisonous bites
Class Arachnida
General Characteristics
• Have 2 body segments; A ______________ and an ____________
which are joined by a narrow _____________________.
• Respiration is accomplished via ______________, tracheae, or both
• Usually have 8 simple eyes; at the very least they detect ________;
for some of the predatory forms, they are capable of forming crude
images.
• Many of the spiders and mites are capable of producing ________;
produced by silk glands that open to the exterior part of the abdomen
through _____________________________.
• Most spiders are predaceous and have lots of _________________.
• Many species have evolved poison glands associated with the
___________________ (mouthparts) or ____________ on the tail.
Helpful:
• Spiders eat insects, pets, spider venom used as medicine.
Harmful:
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Biology 20 – Kingdom Animalia – Phylum Arthropoda Notes
• Lyme disease & Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (ticks), some spiders
are deadly poisonous.
Class Diplopoda
 Thousand – leggers: Eg._________________________
 More than 300 pairs of legs.
 Distinct wormlike body with many segments.
 2 pairs of legs on every segment
 Helpful: ______________________________________________.
 Harmful: ______________________________________________.
Class Insecta
General Characteristics
 3 tagmata or body regions: _______________________________.
 ________________________________ with great variety of types:
running, raptorial, digging, swimming, etc.
 Most insects have _______________________________.
 Compound and simple eyes
 Highly variable ________________________: chewing, piercingsucking, lapping, etc.
 Respiration accomplished by ______________________________.
 Most have a ______________________ exoskeleton except beetles
which have a thick exoskeleton.
 Insect have only ______________________ of antennae.
 Divided into Orders by:
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
 _______________________________
Reproduction
 All fertilization is _______________________________.
 Young develop in one of 2 ways.
Complete Metamorphosis
 Insects such as moths, butterflies, bees, flies, beetles and ants.
 Eggs hatch into _____________________. After several molts it
passes into a resting stage called a ________________________.
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Biology 20 – Kingdom Animalia – Phylum Arthropoda Notes
 During this stage the tissues reorganize into the adult stage.
 The 4 stages are ________________________________________.
Incomplete Metamorphosis
 Egg hatches into a __________________ which is a small version of
the adult with no wings.
 The nymph is not able to ________________________.
 The nymph goes through several molts until it reaches adult size. The
final molt is when the wings and reproductive organs develop.
 3 stages of development: _________________________________.
How Are Insects Important?
Beneficial
 ___________________________________
 Chemical products: __________________________________
 Fish bait: crickets, “spikes”, etc. also models for artificial lures –
“match the hatch”
 Predators & parasitoids
 ___________________________ (including human carrion)
 Use of insects in ______________________
 Occupy lower trophic levels in aquatic and terrestrial food
chains
 _________________________________ (Drosophila)
 Herbivores of undesirable plants
 Biological indicators of aquatic pollution
Harmful:
 Attack cultivated plants as a source of food
 Attack stored food products
 Pests of wood
 Pests of fabrics and clothing: clothes moth and dermestid beetles
 Vector of plant pathogens such as viruses, fungi.
 Attack humans and domestic animals: annoyance, venomous,
parasitic, disease transmission
Eg._______________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
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