Download Muscle

Muscular System Vocabulary
1. Agonist: (Primary Movers):
2. Antagonist:
3. Aponeuroses:
4. Buccinator:
5. Circumduction:
6. Endomysium:
7. Epimysium:
8. Fascia:
9. Fixators:
10. Gaster:
11. Insertion:
12. Oblique:
13. Origin:
14. Perimysium:
15. Pronation:
16. Protraction: (aka:scapular abduction)
17. Rectus:
18. Retraction: (aka:scapular adduction)
19. Smooth Muscle:
20. Sprain:
21. Strain:
22. Striated Muscle:
23. Supination:
24. Synergists:
25. Tendon:
26. Torticollis or Wryneck:
27. Naming skeletal Muscles: Muscles are named on the basis of several criteria, each focusing on a particular
structural or functional characteristic: They include:
1. Direction of the Muscle Fibers:
2. Relative size of the Muscle:
3. Location of the Muscle.
4. Number of origins:
5. Location of the muscle’s origin & insertion.
6. Shape of the muscle.
7. Action of the muscle.
28. Types of Muscle Fiber Arrangement (6):
1) Parallel or Longitudinal
2) Radiate:
3) Multipennate
4) Bipennate
5) Unipennate
6) Circular
1
Gross Skeletal Muscles to Memorize
Frontalis:
Orbicularis Oculi:
Orbicularis Oris:
Buccinator:
Zygomaticus:
Masseter:
Temporalis:
Platysma:
Sternocleidomastoid:
Pectoralis Major:
Intercostal Muscles:
Rectus abdominis:
External oblique:
Internal oblique:
Transversus abdominis:
Trapezius:
Latissimus Dorsi:
Erector Spinae:
Deltoid:
Biceps Brachii:
Brachialis:
Brachioradialis:
Triceps Brachii:
Gluteus maximus:
Gluteus medius:
Iliopsoas:
Biceps femoris:
Semimemgbranosus:
Semitendinosus:
Sartorius:
Rectus Femoris:
Vastus Medialis:
Vastus Lateralis:
Vastus Intermedius:
Tibialis Anterior:
Extensor Digitorum Longus:
Fibularis longus:
Fibularis Brevis:
Fibularis tertius:
Gastrocnemius:
Soleus:
Muscles that move the shoulder:
Muscle
Function
Trapezius
Raises or lowers shoulder & shrugs them & Extends head when occiput acts as insertion
Pectoralis Minor
Pulls shoulder down & forward
Serratus Anterior
Pulls shoulder forward; abducts & rotates it upward.
Muscles that move upper arm:
Muscle
Function
Pectoralis Major
Flexes & adducts humerus
Latissimus Dorsi
Extends upper arm, adducts upper arm posteriorly
Deltoid
Abducts upper arm; Assists in flexion & extension of upper arm
Coracobrachialis
Adduction; Assists in flexion & medial rotation of arm.
Supraspinatus
Assists in abducting arm
Teres Major
Assists in extension, adduction, & medial rotation of arm.
Teres Minor
Rotates arm outward
Infraspinatus
Rotates arm outward
Muscles that move the lower arm:
Muscle
Function
Biceps Brachii
Flexes elbow & Supinates forearm & hand
Brachialis
Flexes elbow
Brachioradialis
Supinates forearm & hand:Flexes semipronated or semisupinated forearm
Triceps Brachii
Extends lower arm. (elbow)
Pronator Teres
Pronates & flexes forearm
Supinator
Supinates forearm
Muscles that move the Hand:
Muscle
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus
Extensor Digitorum
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Function
Flexes wrist & forearm; Abducts hand
Adducts hand; Flexes wrist
Flexes wrist & fingers
Extends wrist; Abducts hand (moves toward thumb side when hand supinated)
Extends fingers & wrist
Extends hand; Adducts hand (move toward little finger side when hand
supinated)
Muscles of the pelvic floor:
Muscle
Function
Levator Ani
Together form floor of pelvic cavity; support pelvic organs; If these
muscles are badly torn @ childbirth or become too relaxed, uterus or
bladder my prolapse, that is drop out.
Coccygeus (posterior continuation of levator ani)
Same as levator ani
Muscles that move the thigh:
2
Muscle
Iliopsoas (iliacus & psoas mjr)
Function
Flexes hip; Flexes trunk (when femur acts as origin)
Rectus Femoris
Gluteus Maximus
Gleuteus Medius
Gleuteus Minimus
Tensor Fasciae Lata:
Piriformis
Adductor Brevis, Longus, &
Magnus
Gracilis:
Flexes hip; Extends lower leg
Extends thigh – rotates outward
Abducts thigh – rotates outward; Stabilizes pelvis of femur.
Abducts thigh; stabilizes pelvis on femur; Rotates thigh medially.
Abducts thigh; Tightens iliotibial tract
Rotates thigh outward; Abducts thigh; Extends thigh.
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh & Flexes knee
Muscles that move the lower leg:
Muscle
Quadriceps Femoris Group: Rectus Femoris:
Vastus Lateralis, Medialis & intermedius
Sartorius
Hamstring Group: Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus & Semimembranosus
Muscles that move the foot:
Muscle
Tibialis Anterior
Gastroccnemius
Soleus
Extensor Digirorum Longus
Peroneus Longus(fibularis longus)
Peroneus Brevis (fibularis Brevis)
Tibialis Posterior
Peroneus Tertius (fibularis tertius)
Muscles that move the head:
Muscle
Sternocleidomastoid
Semispinalis Capitis
Splenius Capitis
Longissimus Capitis
Function
Extends knee, flexes hip
Extends knee
Adducts & flexes leg; Permits crossing of legs tailor fashion.
Flexes leg.; Extends thigh
Extends thigh
Function
Dorsiflex foot; Inverts foot
Plantar flexes foot; Flexes lower leg
Plantar flexes foot
Toe extension & dorsiflexor of foot
Plantarflexes foot; Everts foot.
Everts foot; Flexes foot
Extends foot (plantar flexion); Inverts foot
Flexes foot; Everts foot
Function
Flexes head (prayer muscle); One muscle alone, rotates head toward opposite side; spasm of this
muscle alone or associated w/trapezius called torticollis or wry-neck
Extends head; Bends it laterally
Extends head; Bends & rotates head toward same side as contracting muscle.
Extends Head; Bends & rotates head toward contracting side.
Muscles that move the chest wall:
Muscle
Function
External Intercostals
Elevate ribs
Internal Intercostals
Probably depress ribs
Diaphragm
Enlarges thorax, cuasing inspiration.
Muscles that move the abdominal wall:
Muscle
Function
External Oblique
Flexes & rotates vertebral column; when these muscles lose their tone, common figure faults of
protruding abdomen & lordosis develop.
Internal Oblique
Trunk Flexion; Same as external oblique
Transversalis
Same as external oblique
Rectus Abdominis
Trunk Flexion; Same as external oblique; because abdominal muscles compress abdominal cavity,
they aid in straining, defecation, forced expiration, childbirth, etc.; abdominal muscles are
antagonists of diaphragm, relaxing as it contracts & vice versa.
Muscles of Facial Expression & Mastication
3
Muscle
Masseter & Temporalis
Epicranius (occiput
frontalis)
Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Platysma
Zygomaticus
Buccinator
Function
Closes jaw
Pulls scalp forward & wackward
Draws corners of mouth down - pouting
Raises corner of mouth
Permits smiling, blowing, sucking, & holding food b/w teeth during chewing.
Muscles that move the trunk:
Muscle
Sacrospinalis (Ercector Spinae)
Function
Extend Back; Maintain erect posture of trunk.
Lateral Portion: Iliocostalis Lumborum
Iliocostalis Dorsi
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Medial Portion: Longissimus Dorsi
Longissimus Cervicis & Capitis
Quadratus Lumborum (forms part of
posterior abdominal wall)
Iliposoas
Trunk extension; Elevation of pelvis
Trunk Extension
Neck Extension
Trunk rotation
Neck Extension
Elevates pelvis; Both muscles together extend spine; One muscle alone abducts trunk
toward side of contracting muscle
Flexes trunk & hip
4
Physiology of the Muscular System Vocabulary
Actin:
Action Potential:
Axon:
Clonic Muscle Spasm:
Concentric Contraction
Contractility:
Dark A Band:
Fast
Fast Twitch
Irritability:
Isometric Contraction
Light I Band:
Motor Unit:
Myofibrils:
Myofilaments:
Myosin:
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylocholine:
Nueromuscular Junction:
Sarcomere:
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum:
Sliding Filament Theory:
Slow Twitch
Synaptic Cleft:
Tonic Muscle Spasm:
Z Disc:
Cartilaginous Joint:
Condyloid Joint:
Ball & Socket Joint:
Fibrous Joint:
Pivot Joint:
Plane Joint:
Saddle Joint:
Hinge Joint:
Amphiarthroses:
Synarthroses:
Synovial Joint:
Diathroses:
Muscular System Vocabulary KEY
1. Agonist: (Primary Movers): Muscle(s) whose contraction actually produces movement.
2. Antagonist: One or more muscles that oppose the action of another group of muscles or the pull of gravity. Ex.
The antagonist of a flexor muscle is an extensor muscle.
3. Aponeuroses: sheet like tendinous expansion, mainly serving to connect a muscle w/ the parts it moves.
4. Buccinator: Muscle found around the cheek
4. Circumduction: a combination of flexion, extension, abduction & adduction commonly seen in ball & socket
joints like the shoulder.
5
5. Deep Fascia: Sheet of fibrous connective tissue investing the trunk, limbs, & muscles.
6. Endomysium: A fine meshwork of loose connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber.
7. Epimysium: a thicker, outer connective tissue sheath which covers the entire muscle.
8. Fasiculi: Groups of 15 – 40 fibers are bound into bundles & is covered by the perimysium.
9. Fixators: Muscles that serve to fix or stabilize a joint to augment the effectiveness of a primary mover (agonist).
10. Gaster: The central fleshy, or meaty contractile position of a muscle also called the belly of a muscle.
11. Insertion: A tendonous extremityby which the muscle is attached to a bone & allows for motion at the distal end
of a bone.
12. Oblique: when the muscles fibers run oblique or slanted the name includes oblique.
13. Origin: A tendonous extremityby which the muscle is attached to a bone at the proximal end of a bone & usually
remains fixed or stationary when the muscle contracts.
14. Perimysium: a coarse fibrous connective tissue sheath that covers the fassiculi.
15. Pronation: describes the inward rotation of the supinated forearm & hand which causes the palm of the hand to
face posteriorly.
16. Protraction: refers to motion that moves a part forward. Reaching for an object involves protraction of the
shoulder girdle. Also known as scapular abduction.
17. Rectus: when a muscle fibers are parallel it’s name includes rectus.
18. Retraction: is the motion that returns a protracted body part to its original or usual position . also known as
scapular adduction.
19. Smooth Muscle: has no striation & is involuntary (not consciously controlled). Found mainly in the walls of
hollow visceral organs ex stomach & bladder & along a definite tract w/in the body. Also called visceral, nonstriated
or involuntary muscle.
20. Sprain: a tear in a ligament. The severity is grades as 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree or mild, moderate, & severe.
21. Strain: a tear in a muscle or tendon. The severity is grades as 1st, 2nd, or 3rd degree or mild, moderate, & severe.
22. Striated Muscle: also called skeletal muscle because its fibers appear to be striped. It is a voluntary muscle
23. Superficial Fascia: a continuous sheet of loose connective tissue lies directly under the skin.
24. Supination: occurs at the radioulnar joint. In the anatomical position the hands & forearms are already supinated
(palms forward). Outward rotation of hand & forearm.
25. Synergists: Muscles that contract at the same time as the prime mover, assisting or supplementing a primary
mover in producing a particular movement.
26. Tendon: a strong, fibrous, extension of the muscle that connects muscles to muscles or muscles to bone.
27. Torticollis or Wryneck: a spasm of one of the neck muscles alone or associated w/the trapezius
6
28. Naming skeletal Muscles: Muscles are named on the basis of several criteria, each focusing on a particular
structural or functional characteristic: They include:
1. Direction of the Muscle Fibers:
2. Relative size of the Muscle:
3. Location of the Muscle.
4. Number of origins:
5. Location of the muscle’s origin & insertion.
6. Shape of the muscle.
7. Action of the muscle.
29. Types of Muscle Fiber Arrangement (6):
1) Parallel or Longitudinal fibers align along the long axis of the muscle ex. Rectus abdominis or Sartorious
2) Radiate : fiber arrangement that converge from a broad area of origin to a narrow insertion ex. Pectoralis major;
3) Multipennate the convergence of fibers in several muscular components ex. Deltoid muscle;
4) Bipennate with fibers directed obliquely from both sides of a central tendon ex. Rectus femoris; (produces
strongest contractions)
5) Unipennate exhibits fibers inserting diagonally or slanted on only one side of a similar tendon that runs the entire
length of the muscle, much like the feathers in an old fashioned plume pen ex. (produces strongest contractions)
6) Circular fibers bundles are curved to encircle an opening & are typical in sphincter muscles such as the Orbicularis
oris.
Muscles that move the shoulder:
Muscle
Origin
Trapezius
Occipital bone
Vertebrae (cervical &
thoracic)
Pectoralis Minor
Ribs (2nd to 5th )
Serratus Anterior
Ribs (upper 8 or 9)
Muscles that move upper arm:
Muscle
Origin
Pectoralis Major
Clavicle (medial half)
Sternum
Costal Cartilages of true ribs
Latissimus Dorsi
Vertebrae (spines of lower
thoracic, lumbar & sacral)
Ilium (crest)
Lumbodorsal fascia
Deltoid
Clavicle
Scapula(spine & acromion
Coracobrachialis
Scapula (coracoid process)
Supraspinatus
Teres Major
Teres Minor
Scapula (supraspinous fossa)
Scapula (lower part, axillary
border)
Scapula (axillary border)
Infraspinatus
Scapula (infraspinatus border)
Muscles that move the lower arm:
Muscle
Origin
Biceps Brachii
Scapula (supraglenoid tuberosity)
Scapula (coracoid)
Brachialis
Humerus (distal ½ , anterior
surface)
Brachioradialis
Humerus (above lateral
epicondyle)
Insertion
Clavicle
Scapula (spine & acromion)
Scapula (coracoid)
Scapula (anterior surface,
vertebral border)
Function
Raises or lowers shoulder & shrugs
them & Extends head when occiput
acts as insertion
Pulls shoulder down & forward
Pulls shoulder forward; abducts &
rotates it upward.
Insertion
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
Function
Flexes & adducts humerus
Humerus (intertubercular
groove)
Extends upper arm, adducts upper arm
posteriorly
Humerus (deltoid
tuberosity)
Humerus (middle 3rd,
medial surface)
Humerus (greater tubercle
Humerus (upper part,
anterior surface)
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
Humerus (greater
tubercle)
Abducts upper arm; Assists in flexion &
extension of upper arm
Adduction; Assists in flexion & medial
rotation of arm.
Assists in abducting arm
Assists in extension, adduction, & medial
rotation of arm.
Rotates arm outward
Rotates arm outward
Insertion
Radius (tubercle at proximal
end)
Ulna (front of coronoid process
Function
Flexes elbow & Supinates
forearm & hand
Flexes elbow
Radius (styloid process)
Supinates forearm &
hand:Flexes semipronated or
7
Triceps Brachii
Pronator Teres
Supinator
Scapula (infraglenoid tubrerosity)
Proximal Humeral head
Humerus (medial epicondyle)
Ulna (coronoid process)
Humerus (lateral epicondyle)
Ulna (proximal 5th )
Muscles that move the Hand:
Muscle
Origin
Flexor Carpi Radialis
Humerus (medial
epicondyle)
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris
Humerus (medial
epicondyle)
Ulna (posterior)
Flexor digitorum
Distal Humerus, ulna &
superficialis
radius
Extensor Carpi Radialis
Humerus
Longus
Extensor Digitorum
Distal Humerus
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris
Humerus (lateral
epicondyle)
Ulna (proximal ¾ )
semisupinated forearm
Extends lower arm. (elbow)
Ulna (olecranon process)
Radius (middle 3rd of lateral
surface)
Raduis (proximal 3rd )
Insertion
2nd & 3rd Metacarpal
Supinates forearm
Function
Flexes wrist & forearm
Abducts hand
Adducts hand
Flexes wrist
Pisiform bone
3rd ,4th & 5th Metacarpal
Middle phalanges of 2nd – 5th
metacarpal
2nd & 3rd Metacarpal
(base of)
Flexes wrist & fingers
Extends wrist; Abducts hand
(moves toward thumb side when
hand supinated)
Extends fingers & wrist
Distal phalanges of 2nd to 5th
fingers
5th Metacarpal
(base of)
Muscles that move the thigh:
Muscle
Origin
Iliopsoas (iliacus &
Ilium (iliac fossa)
psoas major)
Vertebrae (bodies of 12th thoracic to
5th lumbar)
Pronates & flexes forearm
Extends hand;
Adducts hand (move toward little
finger side when hand supinated)
Insertion
Femur (small trochanter)
Function
Flexes hip;
Flexes trunk (when femur acts
as origin)
Tibia (by way of patellar
tendon)
Femur (proximal)
Iliotibial tract
Flexes hip;
Extends lower leg
Extends thigh – rotates
outward
Femur (greater trochanter)
Abducts thigh – rotates
outward; Stabilizes pelvis of
femur.
Abducts thigh; stabilizes
pelvis on femur; Rotates thigh
medially.
Abducts thigh; Tightens
iliotibial tract
Rotates thigh outward;
Abducts thigh; Extends thigh.
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh
Adducts thigh & Flexes knee
Rectus Femoris
Ilium (anterior, inferior spine)
Gluteus Maximus
Gleuteus Medius
Ilium (crest & posterior surface)
Sacrum & Coccyx
Sacrotuberous ligament
Ilium (lateral surface)
Gleuteus Minimus
Ilium (lateral surface)
Femur (greater trochanter)
Tensor Fasciae Lata:
Ilium (anterior part of crest)
Piriformis
Vertebrae (front of sacrum)
Adductor Brevis
Adductor Longus
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis:
Pubic bone
Pubic bone
Pubic bone
Pubic bone (just below symphysis)
Tibia (by way of Iliotibial
tract)
Femur (medial aspect of
greater trochanter)
Proximal Femur
Proximal Femur
Proximal Femur
Tibia (medial surface behind
sartorius)
Muscles of the pelvic floor:
Muscle
Levator Ani
Origin
Pubis (posterior surface)
Ischium (spine)
Insertion
Coccyx
Function
Together form floor of pelvic cavity;
support pelvic organs; If these muscles
are badly torn @ childbirth or become too
relaxed, uterus or bladder my prolapse,
8
Coccygeus (posterior continuation
of levator ani)
Muscles that move the lower leg:
Muscle
Quadriceps Femoris Group:
Rectus Femoris:
Vastus Lateralis
Vastus Medialis
Vastus Intermedius:
Sartorius
Ischium (spine)
Origin
Ilium (anterior, inferior
spine)
Femur (linea aspera)
Femur
Femur (anterior surface)
Os Innominatum (ilium)
Hamstring Group:
Biceps Femoris
Semitendinosus
Ischium (tuberosity)
Femur (linea aspera)
Ischium (tuberosity)
Semimembranosus
Ischium (tuberosity)
Muscles that move the foot:
Muscle
Tibialis Anterior
Gastroccnemius
Soleus
Extensor Digirorum Longus
Origin
Tibia (proximal lateral
condyle)
Femur (distal condyles)
Tibia (proximal)
Fibula
Lateral tibial condyle
Coccyx
Sacrum
that is drop out.
Same as levator ani
Insertion
Tibia (by way of patellar
tendon)
Tibia (by way of patellar
tendon)
Tibia (by way of patellar
tendon)
Tibia (by way of patellar
tendon)
Proximal tibia
Fibula (head of )
Tibia (lateral condyle)
Tibia (proximal end, medial
surface)
Tibia (medial condyle)
Insertion
1st Cuneiform &base of 1st
Metatarsal
Calcaneus by way of Achilles
tendon)
Calcaneus by way of Achilles
tendon)
Phalanges of 2-5 toes
Function
Extends knee, flexes hip
Extends knee
Extends knee
Extends knee
Adducts & flexes leg; Permits
crossing of legs tailor fashion.
Flexes leg.
Extends thigh
Extends thigh
Extends thigh.
Function
Dorsiflex foot
Inverts foot
Plantar flexes foot
Flexes lower leg
Plantar flexes foot
Toe extension & dorsiflexor
of foot
Plantarflexes foot
Everts foot.
Everts foot
Flexes foot
Extends foot (plantar flexion)
Inverts foot
Peroneus Longus
(fibularis longus)
Peroneus Brevis
(fibularis Brevis)
Tibialis Posterior
Tibia (lateral condyle
Fibula (head & shaft)
Fibula (lower 2/3 of lateral
surface of shaft)
Tibia (posterior surface)
Fibula (posterior surface)
Peroneus Tertius (fibularis
tertius)
Fibula (distal third)
1st Cuneiform
Base of 1st metatarsal
5th Metatarsal (tubercle, dorsal
surface)
Navicular Bone
Cuboid Bone
All 3 Cuneiforms
2nd & 4th Metatarsals
4th & 5th Metatarsals (bases of)
Origin
Sternum
Clavicle
Insertion
Temporal Bone (mastoid
process)
Vertebrae (transverse
processes of upper 6 thoracic,
articular processes of lower 4
cervical)
Ligamentum Nuchae
Vertebrae (spinous processes
of upper 3 or 4 thoracic)
Occipital Bone (b/w superior
& inferior nuchal lines)
Function
Flexes head (prayer muscle);
One muscle alone, rotates
head toward opposite side;
spasm of this muscle alone or
associated w/trapezius called
torticollis or wry-neck
Extends head;
Bends it laterally
Temporal Bone (mastoid
process)
Occipital Bone
Extends head;
Bends & rotates head toward
same side as contracting
Muscles that move the head:
Muscle
Sternocleidomastoid
Semispinalis Capitis
Splenius Capitis
Flexes foot
Everts foot
9
Longissimus Capitis
Vertebrae (transverse
processes of upper 6 thoracic,
articular processes of lower 4
cervical)
Muscles that move the chest wall:
Muscle
Origin
External Intercostals
Rib (lower border; forward
fibers)
Temporal Bone (mastoid
process)
muscle.
Extends Head;
Bends & rotates head toward
contracting side.
Insertion
Rib (upper border of rib below
origin)
Function
Elevate ribs
Internal Intercostals
Rib (inner surface, lower
border; backward fibers)
Rib (upper border of rib below
origin)
Probably depress ribs
Diaphragm
Lower circumference of
Thorax (of rib cage)
Central tendon of Diaphragm
Enlarges thorax, cuasing
inspiration.
Insertion
Ossa Coxae (iliac crest &
pubis by way of inguinal
ligament)
Linea alba by way of an
aponeurosis
Ribs (lower 3)
Pubic bone
Linea Alba
Pubic bone;
Linea Alba
Function
Flexes & rotates vertebral
column; when these muscles
lose their tone, common figure
faults of protruding abdomen
& lordosis develop.
Trunk Flexion
Same as external oblique
Ribs (costal cartilage of 5th,
6th, & 7th ribs)
Sternum (xiphoid process)
Trunk Flexion;
Same as external oblique;
because abdominal muscles
compress abdominal cavity,
they aid in straining,
defecation, forced expiration,
childbirth, etc.; abdominal
muscles are antagonists of
diaphragm, relaxing as it
contracts & vice versa.
Insertion
Mandible
Mandible
Skin of eyebrows & root of
nose
Tissues of the eyelid
Function
Closes jaw
Closes jaw
Pulls scalp forward &
wackward.
Blinking, squinting, draws
eyebrows downward, closes
eyelids
Closes lips, purses lips,
kissing muscle
Draws corners of mouth down
- pouting
Raises corner of mouth
Muscles that move the abdominal wall:
Muscle
Origin
External Oblique
Ribs (lower 8)
Internal Oblique
Transversalis
Rectus Abdominis
Ossa Coxae (iliac crest &
inguinal ligament)
Lumbodorsal Fascia
Ribs (lower 6)
Ossa Coxae (iliac crest,
inguinal ligament)
Lumbodorsal Fascia
Ossa Coxae (pubic bone &
symphysis pubis)
Muscles of Facial Expression & Mastication
Muscle
Origin
Zygomatic Arch
Masseter
Temporal bone
Temporalis
Occipital & frontal bones
Epicranius (occiput
frontalis)
Frontal & maxillary bones
Orbicularis Oculi
Orbicularis Oris
Maxilla & mandible
Encircles mouth
Platysma
Fascia of upper part of deltoid
& pectoralis major
Zygomatic bone
Mandible (lower border)
Skin around corners of mouth
Skin & muscles @ corner of
Zygomaticus
Same as external oblique
10
Buccinator
Muscles that move the trunk:
Muscle
Sacrospinalis
(Ercector Spinae)
Lateral Portion:
Iliocostalis Lumborum
Iliocostalis Dorsi
Iliocostalis Cervicis
Medial Portion: Longissimus
Dorsi
Longissimus Cervicis
Longissimus Capitis
Quadratus Lumborum (forms
part of posterior abdominal
wall)
Iliposoas
Maxillae & mandible near
molars
lips
Orbicularis oris
Permits smiling, blowing,
sucking, & holding food b/w
teeth during chewing.
Origin
Iliac crests, ribs 3-12, &
vertebrae
Insertion
Ribs, thoracic & cervical
vertebrae
Function
Extend Back; Maintain erect
posture of trunk.
Iliac crest:
sacrum (posterior surface),
&
Lumbar vertebrae (spinous
processes)
Ribs, lower 6
Ribs, upper 6
Same as Iliocostalis
Lumborum
Vertebrae, upper 6 thoracic
Vertebrae, upper 6 thoracic
& last 4 cervical
Ilium (posterior part of crest)
Vertebrae (lower 3 lumbar)
Ribs, lower six
Trunk extension
Elevation of pelvis
Ribs, upper 6
Vertebrae, 4th to 6th cervical
Vertebrae, thoracic ribs
Trunk Extension
Neck Extension
Trunk rotation
Vertebrae, 2nd to 6th cervical
Temporal bone, mastoid
process
Ribs (12th )
Vertebrae (transverse
processes of 1st 4 lumbar)
Neck Extension
Neck Extension
Ilium & lumbar vertebrae
Femur
Elevates pelvis
Both muscles together extend
spine; One muscle alone
abducts trunk toward side of
contracting muscle
Flexes trunk & hip
Information from: Athletic Injury Assessment by James M. Booher, & Gary A. Thibodeau, Times Mirror /
Mosby College Publishing
11
Physiology of the Muscular System Vocabulary
Actin:
Action Potential:
Axon:
Clonic Muscle Spasm:
Concentric Contraction
Contractility:
Dark A Band:
Fast
Fast Twitch
Irritability:
Isometric Contraction
Light I Band:
Motor Unit:
Myofibrils:
Myofilaments:
Myosin:
Neurotransmitter:
Acetylocholine:
Nueromuscular Junction:
Sarcomere:
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum:
Sliding Filament Theory:
Slow Twitch
Synaptic Cleft:
Tonic Muscle Spasm:
Z Disc:
Cartilaginous Joint:
Condyloid Joint:
Ball & Socket Joint:
Fibrous Joint:
Pivot Joint:
Plane Joint:
Saddle Joint:
Hinge Joint:
Amphiarthroses:
Synarthroses:
Synovial Joint:
Diathroses:
12