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Sensory System Work Sheet Name: _______________________________ Date: __________________ Name of Trainer: ________________________________ Name of Company Developing Material: Clinical Update (NZ) Ltd Segment 2 What are the 4 main structures of the eye? 1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________________________________ What is the cornea? ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ The cornea must remain? ___________________ What will affect vision? ________________________ What is Blepharitis? ___________________________ List 3 treatments for Blepharitis? 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________ What causes a corneal tear? ___________________________________________________ What is the treatment for a corneal tear? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ The lens is ____________ __________ and ___________ at birth but with age it becomes _______ __________and may _________ ___ List what happens in presbyopia? 1. ____________________________________________________________________ 2. ____________________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________________ 4. _____________________________________________________________________ What happens to the lens in a cataract? __________________ What happens to the image through a cataract? _________________________________ What does a cataract result in? _______________________ What is the treatment for a cataract? ____________ 1 Where is the retina situated? ____________________________ The retina is a ________ ____________ ____________ that covers _______of the surface. What are the photosensitive cells called? _____________ and ______________ What do the rods and cones do? _____________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ What happens in a detached retina? __________________________________________ List 4 causes of retinal detachment 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ List signs and symptoms of detached retina 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ What is the treatment for detached retina? _____________ What is the macular? ______________________________________________ What is the Macular responsible for? __________ __________ and ____________ ______________ List 4 things the body uses the macular for? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ 4. ____________________________________ Macular degeneration is the ___________ __________ of __________ __________ in people over ________ How many people will get macular degeneration _____ in _______ over _______? What is macular degeneration? _____________________________________________ ___________________________________________ What are the two types of macular degeneration? 1. ____________ 2. ____________ What is the treatment for macular degenerations? _________________ What can help macular degeneration? ____________________________ 2 Where is the optic nerve located? ____________________________________ What does the optic nerve do? ______________________________________ What is glaucoma? ______________________________________________ What happens to the nerve fibres? ___________________________________ What is glaucoma caused by? _________________________ What is glaucoma the No 1 cause of? ______________ What part of vision goes first? ___________________________________ What are the risk factors for glaucoma? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ What is the treatment for glaucoma? 1. ____________________________ 2. ____________________________ List 6 social costs of poor eye sight 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ 5 ______________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________ Segment 3 – Ears What are the functions of the ears? 1. ______________________ 2. ______________________ What do the tiny cells in the ears do? ____________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ What does the brain do with the signals? _________________________________ What is the name given to hearing decline from age 50? ____________________ What is the most common cause of hearing loss? ____________________________ What does this do? ____________________________________________________ How does this affect the ear drum? ________________________________________ What are the 2 types of hearing loss? 1. ________________________ 2. ________________________ 3 Which hearing loss is curable? __________________________ List 6 conditions that cause inner ear damage 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ 5 ______________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________ List conditions that cause conductive hearing loss 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ List 6 social costs of hearing loss 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________ Hearing Aids can cost up to $__________________ How many people are it estimated have hearing loss globally? ________________ What are 3 important things to do when cleaning hearing aids? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ What must you ensure you do when inserting or removing a hearing aid? ________________________________________________________________ If a hearing aid battery is not working it is like having an ________ _________ in the ear? What is the approximate average life of a hearing aid battery? ___________ You must always make sure there are a ________ of batteries ___ _________ What must you do before you put the hearing device in a person’s ear? ________________________________________________________ List the 3 things you must do when inserting a new battery 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4 When storing hearing devices what are the 3 things you must do? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ Why is it important to keep the battery door open when a device is not in use? _________________________________________________ What happens to hearing when there is moisture in hearing aids? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ What does balance help you do? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ What does balance do? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ List 6 things that affect the body when it is out of balance? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ 5. ______________________________________________________________ 6. ______________________________________________________________ Where is the balance centre in the body? __________________________________________________ What are the three loops in the ear known as? _________________ What are these loops filled with? ______________ and ______________ What happens when the head moves? _________________________________________ List 4 things that can affect balance? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ 5 What are the social costs of loss of balance disorders? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 4. ______________________________________________________________ Segment 4 Taste How many taste buds does a baby have? ___________________ How often are taste buds replaced in the young? __________________ What happens to taste buds with age? __________________________ What age does this begin? ______________ Are taste buds replaced with age? Yes/No Where to taste buds disappear from first? _______________________ With older people where are most of the taste buds found? ________________ What happens to the taste buds that are left? ____________________________ Taste buds are __________________ What do taste buds detect? __________________________________________ Taste buds send ____________ to the ___________ ___________ in the __________ What is the Gustatory Centre? ___________________________________ List what taste buds detect? 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________ 4. _____________________________ 5. _____________________________ Where are most taste buds found? _______________________ Where on the tongue is more sensitive? ______________________________ What is the back of the tongue more sensitive to? ______________________ Taste buds are sensory cells connected to ___________ ________ _________ How many sensory cells are in each taste bud? _____ to _____ What do sensory cells look like? _____________________________________ What is inside each sensory cell? _____________________ What are tasted buds called? _______________ 6 List where clusters are found? 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________ 4. _____________________________ List the types of Papillae 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________ 4. _____________________________ Fungiform papillae are found _____________ ______ the __________ Most are found where? _____________________ Fungiform papillae detect ___________ _________ and _________________ and also respond to ___________ and ____________ Where are foliate papillae found? ____________________________________ What do they resemble? __________________ Where are they scattered? _____________________________________ Foliate papilla have both taste ________ and _____________ which means they are involved in the _________ and the ___________ of the food in the mouth Circumvallate Papillae are found where? _________________________ What are they shaped like? ___________ Circumvallate papillae are __________, ____________ and can be ________ by the __________ _______ What are they sensitive to? _________ and __________ taste What is it thought that circumvallate papillae are a natural protection against? ___________________ Filiform Papillae are the ________ ____________ of all papillae What do they do? ___________________________________ What else are they responsible for? _______________________________ How does and antibacterial action occur? ___________________________________ List 3 negative emotions relating to food? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ 7 List 3 positive emotions relating to food? 1. ______________________________________________________________ 2. ______________________________________________________________ 3. ______________________________________________________________ Segment 5 Smell What lines the nose? _______________________________ What does the Olfactory Glands do? _________________________________ What does the Olfactory nerve do? _________________________________ What does the Olfactory Bulb do? ________________________________ Where are the messages sent to in the brain? __________________________ Everything around you gives off odours which are ______________ which __________ through the ________ to your _____________ What are these smells (odours)? _____________________________________________ What % of taste comes from your sense of smell? __________ What age does sense of smell start to diminish? __________ What does sense of smell do? ___________________________ Name the 10 classifications of odours and give an example of each 1. ____________________ __________________________________________ 2. ____________________ __________________________________________ 3. ____________________ __________________________________________ 4. ____________________ __________________________________________ 5. ____________________ __________________________________________ 6. ____________________ __________________________________________ 7. ____________________ __________________________________________ 8. ____________________ __________________________________________ 9. ____________________ __________________________________________ 10. ___________________ ___________________________________________ List the 5 different smell disorders and what they mean 1. ____________________ __________________________________________ 2. ____________________ __________________________________________ 3. ____________________ __________________________________________ 4. ____________________ __________________________________________ 5. ____________________ __________________________________________ 8 List the causes of smell disorders 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________ 4. _____________________________ 5. _____________________________ What condition can affect and contribute to smell disorders 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ 3. _____________________________ 4. _____________________________ List conditions that can cause a temporary loss of smell? 1. _____________________________ 2. _____________________________ What are the hazards and risks when sense of smell is absent? 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________ Segment 6 Taste and smell What happens when you sniff food? ____________________________ What does the aroma do? _________________________________________ and then it _________ ____ _______________ to the ____________ _____________ in the brain to _______________ What happens when you chew food? _____________ _____ _______________ What does this connect to? ________________ at the ________ of the ___________ region in the ___________ What happens when smell and taste combine? __________________________________ List 4 Social costs of smell and taste disorders 1. ___________________________________________________ 2. ___________________________________________________ 3. ___________________________________________________ 4. ___________________________________________________ 9 Segment 7 – Somatosensory system Touch is part of the _____________ __________ which is part of the ___________ ______________ Where are sensory nerve receptors found? 1. ________________ 2. ________________ What does the somatosensory system do? _____________________________________ What is it essential for? __________________________ What does the somatosensory system detect? 1. ______________ 2. ______________ 3. ______________ List what touch detects 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ 4. ____________________________________ 5. ____________________________________ 6. ____________________________________ 7. ____________________________________ Touch works through a pathway of _____________ that lead to the __________ What does the brain do when the message is received? ___________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ What are the 2 different types of sensors? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ List the 4 receptors? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ 4. ____________________________________ What are mechanical receptors often called _________________________ What are mechanical receptors sensitive to? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 10 3. ____________________________________ 4. ____________________________________ List what can happen to a person when they are sensory deprived? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ List how touch can have a positive effect on people 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ What are the different types of temperature receptors sensitive to? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ What is the normal/average body temperature? __________________ What regulates temperature in the body in heat? ______________________ What regulates temperature in the body in cold? _______________________ What happens to body temperature sensors with age? _______________________ Does an older person temperature always rise when they have an infection? Yes/No How long does it take an older person temperature to return to normal after exposure to extremes of heat or cold? __________________________________________________ List what is likely to be absent in an older person? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ What are the risks to older people? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ As a body ages what are the changes that happen? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ 4. __________________________________________________________________ 11 To monitor risks, what must you do for older people? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ List the social issues older people face around body temperature maintenance? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ 4. ____________________________________ List the types of pain receptors and what area of the body do they relate too? 1. ____________ ________________________ 2. ____________ ________________________ 3. ____________ ________________________ At approximately what age does sensitivity to pain begin to reduce? ____________ How many older people are estimated that live with pain? _______ What is the % of older people take regular pain relief _______? As a person ages their skin sensitivity ___________ and the risk to skin injury ___________ Some people skin becomes hypersensitive. Why? _____________________________ Why is internal or visceral pain hard to detect in older people? _____________ Internal pain can also be applied to _______________________ List 3 types of common pain in the elderly 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ List the risks associated with reduced pain sensitivity? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ What do positional receptors do? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ For positional receptors to work what is needed? 1. _______________________________________________________ 12 2. _______________________________________________________ 3. _______________________________________________________ What can upset positional receptors? 1. ____________________________________ 2. ____________________________________ 3. ____________________________________ Why is the somatosensory system important? 1. _____________________________________________________________________ 2. _____________________________________________________________________ 3. _____________________________________________________________________ 13