Download Topic 5 Living in Water - St. John Paul II Collegiate

Topic 5 Living in Water
Diversity: a variety of life which varies from habitat to habitat
-Lakes and ponds are affected by local climate
 Oceans form the worlds largest aquatic habitat
 Oceans differ from lakes because they are salty, have more tides and
currents
 The greatest amount of marine organisms are found in the top 180 m of
water
 Most marine organisms live on the continental shelf where the greatest
food source is located
 Most aquatic animals use gills to breathe, some gather oxygen from the
surface of the water, and some even use their lungs
Aquatic Plants
 There are two types of aquatic plants, those that are attached to the
bottom and those that float on the top of the water.
 Attached plants may be rooted in the soil at the bottom of a pond or the
edge of a lake
 Stomata on the plants help air to pass in and out of the plant. Although
land plants have stomata on the underside of the plant, aquatic plants
have stomata located on the top of their leaves
 Nutrients for aquatic plants are washed in from the land but are also
taken from detritus
Detritus: the decaying bodies of dead plants and animals
Algae: a type of aquatic plant which results from an increase in nutrients
Algal Bloom (figure 5.80A pq.444): A population explosion of algae
Decomposed: As plants die they fall to the bottom of the lake where they are
broken down
Bio-magnification: In a food chain when toxin is increased due to small fish
eating hundreds of zoo-plankton, then larger fish eat smaller fish and so on.
Sea floor vents: a crack in the ocean floor that releases heat and minerals
Chemo-synthesis: the process of making food by using the energy from
chemical reactions carried out by bacteria around sea floor vents
Topic 6-Water Quality and Water Management
Dissolved Solids- Salts such as sodium, calcium, and magnesium.
Hard Water- When water contains a lot of dissolved calcium and
magnesium.
Soft water- has less calcium and magnesium in the water.
Toxic Substances- Substances that are added to the water that do not occur
naturally in the environment.
*Know figure 5.87B on page 452
Bio-indicator species- sensitive or important species whose numbers can
show the health of an ecosystem
*Know page 459
Water Quality Standards and Management
Water quality standards are set for:
 Drinking water for people
 Protection of organisms living in or near water
 Drinking water for livestock
 Irrigation of crops
 Recreation, especially swimming
Water management: Maintaining a reliable water supply
Potable: When water is safe to drink
Water Treatment: the purification of a water supply
Sewage: The solid and liquid waste from homes, businesses, and industries.
Septic Tank: When sewage is stored in a large underground container
Effluent: Wastewater from a septic tank. Liquid industrial waste.
*Know figure 5.96 on page 465