Download PSYCHOLOGICAL STATISTICS UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT QUESTION BANK SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

School of Distance Education
UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
B Sc. Counselling Psychology (2011 Admn.)
IV SEMESTER
COMPLEMENTARY COURSE
PSYCHOLOGICAL STATISTICS
QUESTION BANK
1. Inferential statistics is the branch of statistics which helps in inferring -----a) Sample value
c) Both (a) and (b)
b) Population value
d) None of these
2. Which of the following are function(s) of inferential statistics?
a) Estimation
c) Both (a) and (b)
b) Testing of hypothesis
d) None of these
3. Which of the following is true about inferential statistics?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Help in getting an idea about sample value from population value.
Help in getting an idea about population value from sample value.
Help in getting data from sample.
None of these
4. Parameter in inferential statistics refers to _______
a) Sample value
b) Data
c) Population value
d) Variable name
5. A statistic in inferential statistics is related to which of the following?
a) Sample
b) Population
c) Both (a) and (b)
6. Estimation is the process of ______
a)
b)
c)
d)
d) None of these
Formulating some hypothesis about the population
Inferring statistic from parameter
Testing some hypothesis about the population
Inferring parameter from statistic
7. Which one of the following statements is true about hypothesis?
a)
b)
c)
d)
It is an assumption about population value
There are different types of hypothesis
Hypothesis testing is a function of inferential statistics
All of the above
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8. Which of the following is a null hypothesis?
a)
b)
c)
d)
There is significant relationship between the variable X and Y.
There is no gender difference in the mean scores of mechanical aptitude.
There is significant effect of intelligence on achievement.
None of these
9. The opposite of null hypothesis is known as _______
a)
b)
c)
d)
Directional hypothesis
Statistical hypothesis
Alternate hypothesis
Composite hypothesis
10. Which of the following is an alternate hypothesis?
a)
b)
c)
d)
There is significant gender difference in the mean scores of mechanical aptitude.
There is no significant relationship between achievement and previous knowledge.
There is no significant effect of intelligence on creativity.
None of these
11. Some statement or assertion above a population is known as _____
a) Unique statement
c) Standard hypothesis
b) a standard statement
d) a statistical hypothesis
12. A hypothesis in which there is no indication of direction of change or relation is called
a ________
a)
b)
c)
d)
directional hypothesis
non directional hypothesis
alternate hypothesis
None of these
13. Tests used to test non directional hypothesis are
a) One tailed tests
c) Three tailed tests
b) Two-tailed tests
d) Four tailed tests
14. For testing H0: 1=2 against H0:12 we have the ______
a) One tailed test
b) Two-tailed test
c) Three tailed test
d) None of these
15. The alternate hypothesis for the null hypothesis H0: 1 < 2 is______
a) H1: 1>2
b) H1: 1 = 2
c) H1: 1<2
d) H1: 1> 2
16. For testing which of the following hypothesis two-tailed test is used?
a) H0 : 1< 2 against H1: 1> 2
b) H0: 1> 2 against H1: 1< 2
c) H0: 1= 2 against H1: 1 2
d) None of these
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17. For testing which of the following hypothesis one tailed test is used?
a) non directional hypothesis
b) directional hypothesis
c) alternate hypothesis
d) composite hypothesis
18. For testing which of the following hypothesis one tailed test is used?
a) There is no significant gender difference in the mean scores of anxiety.
b) There is significant relationship between variables X and Y.
c) Experimental group has a higher mean Y score than the control group after the
treatment.
d) There is no significant difference in mean Y scores of control and experimental
groups after the treatment.
19. Statistical tests are designed to test the ______
a) Alternate hypothesis
b) Statistical hypothesis
c) Composite hypothesis
d) Null hypothesis
20. Which of the following hypothesis are accepted or rejected?
a) alternate hypothesis
b) statistical hypothesis
c) composite hypothesis
d) null hypothesis
21. Hypothesis testing deals with ______
a) Prediction of population values based on sample values
b) prediction of sample values based on population values
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
22. Which of the following is type I error?
a) The error of accepting H0 when H0 is true.
b) The error of rejecting H0 when H0 is false
c) The error of rejecting H0 when H0 is true
d) The error of accepting H0 when H0 is false.
23. Which of the following is type II errors?
a) The error of accepting H0 when H0 is true
b) The error of rejecting H0 when H0 is false
c) The error of accepting H0 when H0 is false
d) The errors of rejecting H0 when H0 is true
24. The probability of type I error is _____
a) Power of the test
b) Statistical significance
c) Level of significance
d) None of these
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25. The probability of type II error is denoted by ______
a) 
b) 
c) 1 – 
d) 1 – 
26. Which of the following statements is incorrect?
a) As probability of Type I error increases, probability of type II error also increases.
b) As the probability of Type I error decreases, the probability of type II error
increases.
c) As the probability of Type II error decreases, the probability of Type I error
increases.
d) None of these
27. Sampling distributions are distributions formed by ________
a) Population values
c) Parameters
b) Sample values
d) None of these
28. Sampling distribution of mean values is distribution formed by ______
a)
b)
c)
d)
Population mean values
Sample correlation values
Sample mean values
Population correlation values
29. Which of the following statements is true about sampling distributions?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Distributions formed by sample values
Formed from a population distribution known or assumed.
A number of sampling distributions is possible from a population
All of the above.
30. Which of the following is standard error?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mean of sampling distribution
Standard deviation of population distribution
Mean of population distribution
Standard deviation of sample distribution.
31. Which one of the following indicates standard error of sampling distribution of mean?
a)

N
b)

N
c)

2N
d)

2 N
32. Which of the following are true about standard error?
a)
b)
c)
d)
Gives an idea about unreliability of the sample
Gives an idea about confidence limits of parameter values
Both (a) and (b)
None of these
33. Which of the following is a statistically large sample?
a) 29
b) 45
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c) 16
d) None of these
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34. The term statistical significance refers to ________
a)
b)
c)
d)
How important the data are for research on the topic
The conclusion that there are no reasonable alternative explanation
The representativeness of the sample
The inference that the observed effects are unlikely to be due to chance.
35. If we take level of significance as 0.01 then the confidence limit will be
a) 1%
b) 0%
c) 99%
d) 100%
36. Critical ratio for large independent sample is given by the formula
a) z =
Mean
Standard Deviation
b) z =
Difference between Means
Standard Error
c) z =
Difference between Means
SE of the difference
d) None of these
37. Z = 2.03 while testing H0: 1 = 2 against H1 : 1  2. Then which of the following is
true?
a) H0 is rejected at 0.05 level
b) H0 is accepted at 0.05 level
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
38. Following data is related to emotional intelligence of two groups A and B.
Mean
SD
N
Group A
75
15
150
Group B
70
20
250
Then the critical ratio is given by
a) 2.53
b) 1.98
c) 2.84
d) None of these
39. The critical ratio is found to be 2.63 while testing H0: 1=2 against H1: 1  2. Then
which of the following statements is true?
a) H0 is accepted at 0.05 level
b) H0 is rejected at 0.05 level
c) H0 is accepted at 0.01 level
d) H0 is rejected at 0.01 level
40. While dealing with small samples, preference is given to
a) estimating the population value
c) both (a) and (b)
b) testing a given hypothesis
d) none of these
41. The critical region is the region of
a)
b)
c)
d)
rejection of H0 when H0 is false
acceptance of H0 when H0 is false
rejection of H0 when H0 is true
None of these
42. ‘Student’ was the pen name of
a) Ramanujan
Psychological Statistics
b) Gosset
c) Garrette
d) None of these
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43. Under which of the following circumstances ‘t’ distribution is used?
a) Sample size less than or equal to 30
b) Population standard deviation is unknown
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
44. Formula for calculating ‘t’ statistic to test the significance of mean is given by
a)
Xμ
S
b)
X μ
n
S
c)
Xμ
 n2
S
Xμ
 n
S
c)
45. In the formula for calculating ‘t’ statistic, the letter ‘S’ stands for ------
 X  X 
a)
 X  X 
2
2
b)
n
n
 X  X 
2
c)
 X  X 
2
d)
n -1
n -1
46. Which of the following are the properties of ‘t’ distribution?
a) ranges from minus infinity to plus infinity
b) ‘t’ distribution does not vary with ‘n’
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
47. Which of the following is true about ‘t’ distribution?
a) Symmetrical
b) Negatively skewed
b) Positively skewed
c) None of these
48. As sample size increases the ‘t’ distribution approaches a
a) Binomial distribution
b) Gamma distribution
c) Poisson distribution
d) Normal distribution
49. The degrees of freedom for which the tabled ‘t’ value is found for test of significance
of mean is given by
a) n
b) n – 2
c) n – 1
d) None of these
50. If the calculated ‘t’ value is less than t 0.05 (tabled value of t) then which of the
following conclusions can be made about the hypothesis H0: X  μ , where  is
population mean.
a) H0 is accepted at 0.01 level
b) H0 is rejected at 0.05 level
b) H0 is accepted at 0.05 level
c) None of these
51. To test whether two means (Small independent samples) differ significantly, ‘t’ can be
calculated using the formula -----a)
 X
1
c)
 X
1
X1  X 2
 X1    X 2  X 2 
n1  n 2  2
2
2
X1  X 2
 X1    X 2  X 2 
n1  n 2  2
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2
2
b)
 X
1
n1n 2
n1  n 2
X1  X 2
 X1    X 2  X 2 
n1  n 2
2
2
n1n 2
n1  n 2
d) None of these
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52. The degrees of freedom for testing significance of difference between two means for
small independent samples is
a) n1 + n2
b) n1 + n2 -1
c) n1 + n2 – 2
d) None of these
53. If the samples are dependent, the difference between mean can be tested using the
formula.
a) t =
d
N
s
b) t =
d
n
s
c)
d 2
n
s
d)
d
n
s
54. Which of the following is the ‘t’ value for the following data (small independent
samples)
X1 = 12,
X 2 =11, n1 =5, n2=7, s1 = 1.12, s2 = 2.31
a) 8.9
b) 0.35
c) 0.89
d) 0.79
55. To test the significance of correlation coefficient, which of the following formula is
used?
r
a) t =
c)
1  r2
r
1  r2
 n2
b)
d)
 n
r
 n 2
1  r2
r
 n
1  r2
56. Degrees of freedom for testing the significance of correlation coefficient is calculated
using the formula -----a) n1 + n2
b) n-1
c) n -3
d) n-2
57. Normal distribution was originally investigated by ------a) Gauss
b) Laplace
c) DeMoivre
d) None of these
58. Normal distribution was defined specially by ------a) Laplace
b) Gauss
c) DeMoivre
d) None of these
59. Which of the following is significance of normal distribution in statistical analysis?
a) Many of the dependent variables are commonly assumed to be normally distributed
b) Many of the statistical techniques in inferential statistics assumes normality of
variable.
c) The theoretical distribution of the hypothetical set of sample means is
approximately normal.
d) All of the above
60. Which of the following is incorrect about normal distribution?
a) It is symmetrical with respect to the ordinate at mean.
b) Mean, Median and Mode coincide
c) Ordinate is minimum at the mean
d) None of these
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61. A normal curve shows
1. a distribution of mentally normal persons
2. population distributed equally in various parts
3. greater percentage of cases distributed about the mean score
4. lesser percentage of cases belonging to extreme scores
a) Only 1 and 2 are true
b) Only 3 and 4 are true
c) all are true
d) all are false
62. A mesokurtic distribution curve is a
a) normal probability curve
b) bell shaped curve
c) both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
63. A leptokurtic distribution shows
a) A bell shaped curve
b) Skewness
c) Steep rise in the middle
d) Upto some extent it shows all of these
64. Mathematically a normal distribution is defined as ----1
e
a) y =
σ 2π
 x  μ 2
1
c) y =
e
σ 2π
 x  μ 2
2
2σ
1
e
2π
b) y =
 x  μ 2
1
e
d) y =
σ 2π
2σ
 x  μ 2
2σ 2
65. The area under the normal curve between the ordinates x =  -  and x = + is
a) 68.26%
b) 95.44%
c) 34.13%
d) None of these
66. The area under the normal curve between the ordinates
x =  - 2 and x = +2 is
a) 68.26%
b) 95.44%
c) 99%
d) None of these
67. The area under the normal curve between the ordinates
x =  - 3 and x = +3 is
a) 68.26%
b) 95.44%
c) 99.73%
d) 90%
68. The normal curve is symmetric with respect to -----a) x = 
b) x =
c) x =
1
σ
d) None of these
69. Exact confidence limit when the population is normal, for mean  is ------a) 95% confidence limit = x +1.96
σ
n
b) 99% confidence limit = = x +2.58
c) a and b both
d) None of these
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σ
n
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70. Which of the following statement is true about normal curve?
a) The curve extends from - to +
b) Good model for many naturally occurring distributions.
c) Fifty percent of the scores are below the mean and fifty percent above it.
d) All of the above
71. Which of the following is application of normal curve?
a) Used to convert a raw score into standard score
b) Useful in calculating percentile rank of scores
c) For normalizing a given frequency distribution
d) All of the above
72. The term skewness refers to ------a) bulginess
b) lack of symmetry
73. Measure of skewness gives -------
c) symmetrical
d) normal
a) Direction of skewness
b) Extent of skewness
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
74. Which of the following is true about skewed distribution?
a) It is symmetrical
b) Mean, median and mode coincide
c) Similar to normal distribution
d) The more mean moves away from mode, larger skewness
75. Which of the following statements is true about skewed distribution?
a) Either positively skewed or negatively skewed.
b) In positively skewed distribution mean is maximum and mode is minimum.
c) In negatively skewed distribution mode is maximum and mean is minimum.
d) All of the above
76. Which of the following statements is false?
a) In a positively skewed distribution there is excess tail on right hand side
b) In a negatively skewed distribution tail more extended in the left hand side.
c) In a skewed distribution median lies between mean and mode.
d) None of these
77. Which of the following is a measure of skewness?
a)
Mean  Mode
Standard deviation
b)
Q 3  Q1  2Q 2
Q 3  Q1
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
78. Which of the following statements is true about measures of skewness?
a)
b)
c)
d)
No limit for value in Karl Pearson’s method
Value ranges from -1 to +1 in Bowley’s method
Value of zero indicates the curve is symmetrical
All of the above
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79. Which of the following statements is true about platykurtic curve as compared to
normal curve?
a) Flatter
b) broader central position
c) Lower tails
d) All of the above
80. Which of the following is a measure of kurtosis?
a)
Quartile Deviation
P90  P10 
b)
P75  P25
4
c)
Standard Deviation
P90  P10
d)
P75  P25
6
81. A distribution is leptokurtic if the calculated value of kurtosis in terms of percentile is -----a) Equal to 0.263
b) Less than 0.263
c) Greater than 0.263
d) None of these
82. A distribution is platykurtic if the calculated value of kurtosis in terms of percentile is -----a) equal to zero
b) less than 0.263
c) greater than 0.263
d) equal to 0.156
83. ANOVA test is based on -----a) Variance ratio
b) Probability ratio
c) random sample d) None of these
84. ANOVA is used when ------a) There are more than two groups
b) There is only two groups to be compared.
c) Significant difference between two means is to be found
d) None of these
85. Which of the following test is used in ANOVA
a) t-test
b) z-test
c) F-test
d) None of these
86. In ANOVA, F-value is calculated using which of the following formula?
a)
Variance within groups
Variance between groups
b)
Variance between groups
Variance within groups
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
87. The assumption basic to Analysis of Variance is
a) Population distribution of the dependent variable follow normality
b) Subgroups under study have same variability
c) Groups drawn on certain criteria, randomly selected from the sub population.
d) All of the above
88. Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for one way ANOVA?
1) Total sum of squares
2) Correction
3) Within sum of squares
4) Between sum of squares
a) 1, 2, 3, 4
b) 3, 2, 4, 1
c) 4, 3, 2, 1
d) 2, 1, 4, 3
89. The mean sum of squares (MS) is
a) The sum of squares multiplied by its degrees of freedom
b) The sum of squares divided by its degrees of freedom
c) The sum of squares minus its degrees of freedom
d) The sum of squares plus its degrees of freedom
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90. The F value for one-way ANOVA is given by the formula
a)
SSb
SSw
SSb
df b
b)
SS w
df w
SSw
df
c) w
SS b
df b
d)
SSw
SSb
91. In ANOVA independent variables are called
a) Categories
b) Levels
c) Factors
d) None of these
92. In ANOVA different categories of an independent variable are called.
a) factors
b) levels
c) groups
d) blocks
93. If there are more than one independent variables we use
a) One Way ANOVA
b) ANOVA for factorial design
c) Both (a) and (b)
d) None of these
94. In one way ANOVA how many F values are calculated
a) 2
b) 3
c) 1
d) 5
95. If there are two independent variables then how many effects are found in ANOVA?
a) 1
b) 2
c) 3
d) 4
96. Which of the following statements are true about Two-way ANOVA with 2 x 3 design.
a) There are two independent variables
b) The first independent variable has two levels
c) The second independent variable has 3 levels
d) All of the above
97. For testing the significance of difference between means, ANOVA analyses -----a) Means b) Standard deviations c) Correlations Coefficients d) Variances
98. In one way ANOVA, if the calculated F value is greater than the tabled value of F,
then
a)
b)
c)
d)
Mean difference between all pairs of groups will be significant
Mean difference is not significant
Mean difference between more than two groups in the set will be significant
Mean difference between atleast two groups in the set will be significant
99. Which of the following is true about ANOVA?
a)
b)
c)
d)
It is a non parametric test
Homogeneity of variance is not a basic assumption
It is a parametric test
Assumption of normality is not necessary
100. The calculated value of kurtosis in terms of percentile for a given data is found to
be 0.321, then the distribution is
a) Mesokurtic
Psychological Statistics
b) Leptokurtic
c) Platykurtic
d) None of these
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ANSWER KEY
1. B
21. A
41. C
61. B
81. B
2. C
22. C
42. B
62. C
82. C
3. B
23. C
43. C
63. C
83. A
4. C
24. C
44. D
64. D
84. A
5. A
25. B
45. C
65. A
85. C
6. D
26. A
46. A
66. B
86. B
7. D
27. B
47. A
67. C
87. D
8. B
28. C
48. D
68. B
88. D
9. C
29. D
49. C
69. C
89. B
10. A
30. D
50. B
70. D
90. B
11. D
31. B
51. C
71. D
91. C
12. B
32. C
52. C
72. B
92. B
13. B
33. B
53. A
73. C
93. B
14. B
34. D
54. C
74. D
94. C
15. A
35. C
55. A
75. D
95. C
16. C
36. C
56. D
76. D
96. D
17. B
37. A
57. C
77. C
97. D
18. C
38. C
58. A
78. D
98. D
19. D
39. D
59. D
79. D
99. C
20. A
40. B
60. C
80. A
100. C
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Reserved
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