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• In 1815 was a constitutional monarchy with a parliament, but
was still far from being a democracy.
• In 1815 was a constitutional monarchy with a parliament, but
was still far from being a democracy.
• Parliament was made up of the House of Lords (hereditary
nobles and high ranking clergy) and the House of Commons (were
elected, even though less than 5% of the people could vote.
• In 1815 was a constitutional monarchy with a parliament, but
was still far from being a democracy.
• Parliament was made up of the House of Lords (hereditary
nobles and high ranking clergy) and the House of Commons (were
elected, even though less than 5% of the people could vote.
• In the 1820s reformers pushed to end religious restrictions.
• In 1815 was a constitutional monarchy with a parliament, but
was still far from being a democracy.
• Parliament was made up of the House of Lords (hereditary
nobles and high ranking clergy) and the House of Commons (were
elected, even though less than 5% of the people could vote.
• In the 1820s reformers pushed to end religious restrictions.
• The Great Reform Act of 1832 redistributed seats in the House
of Commons, giving large cities a voice in government.
• In 1815 was a constitutional monarchy with a parliament, but
was still far from being a democracy.
• Parliament was made up of the House of Lords (hereditary
nobles and high ranking clergy) and the House of Commons (were
elected, even though less than 5% of the people could vote.
• In the 1820s reformers pushed to end religious restrictions.
• The Great Reform Act of 1832 redistributed seats in the House
of Commons, giving large cities a voice in government.
• The Reform bill gave a voice to middle class men, rather than
bringing full democracy.
• In 1815 was a constitutional monarchy with a parliament, but
was still far from being a democracy.
• Parliament was made up of the House of Lords (hereditary
nobles and high ranking clergy) and the House of Commons (were
elected, even though less than 5% of the people could vote.
• In the 1820s reformers pushed to end religious restrictions.
• The Great Reform Act of 1832 redistributed seats in the House
of Commons, giving large cities a voice in government.
• The Reform bill gave a voice to middle class men, rather than
bringing full democracy.
• In the 1830s protesters drew up the People’s Charter
demanding universal male suffrage, a secret ballot, annual
parliamentary elections, and salaries for members of Parliament.
• Queen Victoria’s reign from 1837 to 1901 was the longest in
British History.
• Queen Victoria’s reign from 1837 to 1901 was the longest in
British History.
• Duty, thrift, honesty, hard work and respectability were some of
the Victorian ideals.
• Queen Victoria’s reign from 1837 to 1901 was the longest in
British History.
• Duty, thrift, honesty, hard work and respectability were some of
the Victorian ideals.
• Victoria married a German prince, Albert, and had a large family.
• Queen Victoria’s reign from 1837 to 1901 was the longest in
British History.
• Duty, thrift, honesty, hard work and respectability were some of
the Victorian ideals.
• Victoria married a German prince, Albert, and had a large family.
• Under Victoria the middle class, and working class flourished
and had great hopes for the future.
• Queen Victoria’s reign from 1837 to 1901 was the longest in
British History.
• Duty, thrift, honesty, hard work and respectability were some of
the Victorian ideals.
• Victoria married a German prince, Albert, and had a large family.
• Under Victoria the middle class, and working class flourished
and had great hopes for the future.
• Britain was expanding its already huge empire.
• Queen Victoria’s reign from 1837 to 1901 was the longest in
British History.
• Duty, thrift, honesty, hard work and respectability were some of
the Victorian ideals.
• Victoria married a German prince, Albert, and had a large family.
• Under Victoria the middle class, and working class flourished
and had great hopes for the future.
• Britain was expanding its already huge empire.
• Victoria was the empress of India and ruled 300 million subjects
around the world.
• Queen Victoria’s reign from 1837 to 1901 was the longest in
British History.
• Duty, thrift, honesty, hard work and respectability were some of
the Victorian ideals.
• Victoria married a German prince, Albert, and had a large family.
• Under Victoria the middle class, and working class flourished
and had great hopes for the future.
• Britain was expanding its already huge empire.
• Victoria was the empress of India and ruled 300 million subjects
around the world.
• Throughout the Victorian era reformers continued in their stride
towards complete democracy.
• By the 1860s old political parties regrouped under new
leadership.
• By the 1860s old political parties regrouped under new
leadership.
• Benjamin Disraeli took the old Tory party and made the modern
Conservative party.
• By the 1860s old political parties regrouped under new
leadership.
• Benjamin Disraeli took the old Tory party and made the modern
Conservative party.
• William Gladstone helped evolve the Whigs into the Liberal
party.
• By the 1860s old political parties regrouped under new
leadership.
• Benjamin Disraeli took the old Tory party and made the modern
Conservative party.
• William Gladstone helped evolve the Whigs into the Liberal
party.
• Disraeli pushed for a bill allowing many working-class men the
right to vote.
• By the 1860s old political parties regrouped under new
leadership.
• Benjamin Disraeli took the old Tory party and made the modern
Conservative party.
• William Gladstone helped evolve the Whigs into the Liberal
party.
• Disraeli pushed for a bill allowing many working-class men the
right to vote.
• Gladstone gave farm workers and most other men suffrage.
• By the 1860s old political parties regrouped under new
leadership.
• Benjamin Disraeli took the old Tory party and made the modern
Conservative party.
• William Gladstone helped evolve the Whigs into the Liberal
party.
• Disraeli pushed for a bill allowing many working-class men the
right to vote.
• Gladstone gave farm workers and most other men suffrage.
• By the end of the century there was partial universal male
suffrage.
• By the 1860s old political parties regrouped under new
leadership.
• Benjamin Disraeli took the old Tory party and made the modern
Conservative party.
• William Gladstone helped evolve the Whigs into the Liberal
party.
• Disraeli pushed for a bill allowing many working-class men the
right to vote.
• Gladstone gave farm workers and most other men suffrage.
• By the end of the century there was partial universal male
suffrage.
• In 1911 Liberals restricted the power of the lords.
• By the 1860s old political parties regrouped under new
leadership.
• Benjamin Disraeli took the old Tory party and made the modern
Conservative party.
• William Gladstone helped evolve the Whigs into the Liberal
party.
• Disraeli pushed for a bill allowing many working-class men the
right to vote.
• Gladstone gave farm workers and most other men suffrage.
• By the end of the century there was partial universal male
suffrage.
• In 1911 Liberals restricted the power of the lords.
• In the end the House of lords had little real power.
• Britain taxed foreign imports in order to protect domestic
economies.
• Britain taxed foreign imports in order to protect domestic
economies.
• In 1834 slavery was outlawed in all British colonies. However,
manufacturers still continues to import cheap raw materials
produced by enslaved African Americans in the United States.
• Britain taxed foreign imports in order to protect domestic
economies.
• In 1834 slavery was outlawed in all British colonies. However,
manufacturers still continues to import cheap raw materials
produced by enslaved African Americans in the United States.
• In the early 1800s more than 200 crimes were punishable by
law. By 1850, the death penalty was reserved for murder piracy,
treason, and arson.
• Britain taxed foreign imports in order to protect domestic
economies.
• In 1834 slavery was outlawed in all British colonies. However,
manufacturers still continues to import cheap raw materials
produced by enslaved African Americans in the United States.
• In the early 1800s more than 200 crimes were punishable by
law. By 1850, the death penalty was reserved for murder piracy,
treason, and arson.
• Parliament passed laws to regulate conditions in factories and
mines. By 1842 mine owners could not employ kids younger than
10, and by 1847 women and children had a 10-hour workday.
• Britain taxed foreign imports in order to protect domestic
economies.
• In 1834 slavery was outlawed in all British colonies. However,
manufacturers still continues to import cheap raw materials
produced by enslaved African Americans in the United States.
• In the early 1800s more than 200 crimes were punishable by
law. By 1850, the death penalty was reserved for murder piracy,
treason, and arson.
• Parliament passed laws to regulate conditions in factories and
mines. By 1842 mine owners could not employ kids younger than
10, and by 1847 women and children had a 10-hour workday.
• By the early 1900s, Britain passed social welfare, protecting
workers with accident, health, and unemployment insurance as
well as old-age pensions.
• In the early 1900s, suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst, said that
only violent tactics would bring results.
• In the early 1900s, suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst, said that
only violent tactics would bring results.
• Radical suffragists interrupted speakers in Parliament shouting,
“Votes for Women!”
• In the early 1900s, suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst, said that
only violent tactics would bring results.
• Radical suffragists interrupted speakers in Parliament shouting,
“Votes for Women!”
• Women suffragists resulted to extreme tactics when peace was
not working. They smashed windows and burned buildings.
• In the early 1900s, suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst, said that
only violent tactics would bring results.
• Radical suffragists interrupted speakers in Parliament shouting,
“Votes for Women!”
• Women suffragists resulted to extreme tactics when peace was
not working. They smashed windows and burned buildings.
• Many middle-class women disagreed with such radical actions,
but still spoke up in support for votes for women.
• In the early 1900s, suffragist Emmeline Pankhurst, said that
only violent tactics would bring results.
• Radical suffragists interrupted speakers in Parliament shouting,
“Votes for Women!”
• Women suffragists resulted to extreme tactics when peace was
not working. They smashed windows and burned buildings.
• Many middle-class women disagreed with such radical actions,
but still spoke up in support for votes for women.
• It wasn’t until 1918 that Parliament granted suffrage to women
over age 30. Younger women had to wait another decade to vote.
• The English started conquering Ireland in the 1100s.
• The English started conquering Ireland in the 1100s.
• The Irish never accepted the rule by the English.
• The English started conquering Ireland in the 1100s.
• The Irish never accepted the rule by the English.
• Many Irish peasants lived in desperate poverty, while paying
high rents to English landlords.
• The English started conquering Ireland in the 1100s.
• The Irish never accepted the rule by the English.
• Many Irish peasants lived in desperate poverty, while paying
high rents to English landlords.
• Daniel O’Connell was an Irish nationalist that fought for freedom.
• The English started conquering Ireland in the 1100s.
• The Irish never accepted the rule by the English.
• Many Irish peasants lived in desperate poverty, while paying
high rents to English landlords.
• Daniel O’Connell was an Irish nationalist that fought for freedom.
• In 1829 the Catholic Emancipation Act allowed the Irish
Catholics to vote and hold political office.
• The English started conquering Ireland in the 1100s.
• The Irish never accepted the rule by the English.
• Many Irish peasants lived in desperate poverty, while paying
high rents to English landlords.
• Daniel O’Connell was an Irish nationalist that fought for freedom.
• In 1829 the Catholic Emancipation Act allowed the Irish
Catholics to vote and hold political office.
• In 1845 the potato crop was destroyed causing the Great
Hunger.
• The English started conquering Ireland in the 1100s.
• The Irish never accepted the rule by the English.
• Many Irish peasants lived in desperate poverty, while paying
high rents to English landlords.
• Daniel O’Connell was an Irish nationalist that fought for freedom.
• In 1829 the Catholic Emancipation Act allowed the Irish
Catholics to vote and hold political office.
• In 1845 the potato crop was destroyed causing the Great
Hunger.
• In four years at least one million Irish dies of starvation and
disease.
• The English started conquering Ireland in the 1100s.
• The Irish never accepted the rule by the English.
• Many Irish peasants lived in desperate poverty, while paying
high rents to English landlords.
• Daniel O’Connell was an Irish nationalist that fought for freedom.
• In 1829 the Catholic Emancipation Act allowed the Irish
Catholics to vote and hold political office.
• In 1845 the potato crop was destroyed causing the Great
Hunger.
• In four years at least one million Irish dies of starvation and
disease.
• In the 1870s Charles Stewart Parnell created home rule, or
strong central government.
• Napoleon III rose to power after the revolution of 1848.
• Napoleon III rose to power after the revolution of 1848.
• People of all classes were attracted to his magical name, and a
reminder of the days when France had towered over Europe.
However Napoleon III didn’t bring glory or an empire.
• Napoleon III rose to power after the revolution of 1848.
• People of all classes were attracted to his magical name, and a
reminder of the days when France had towered over Europe.
However Napoleon III didn’t bring glory or an empire.
• The Second Monarchy of France looked like a constitutional
monarchy, but Napoleon III ruled almost like a dictator.
• Napoleon III rose to power after the revolution of 1848.
• People of all classes were attracted to his magical name, and a
reminder of the days when France had towered over Europe.
However Napoleon III didn’t bring glory or an empire.
• The Second Monarchy of France looked like a constitutional
monarchy, but Napoleon III ruled almost like a dictator.
• France prospered during mid-century. Napoleon promoted
heavy industry. During this time Ferdinand de Lesseps organized
the building of the Suez Canal to like the Mediterranean and the
Red Seas.
• Napoleon III rose to power after the revolution of 1848.
• People of all classes were attracted to his magical name, and a
reminder of the days when France had towered over Europe.
However Napoleon III didn’t bring glory or an empire.
• The Second Monarchy of France looked like a constitutional
monarchy, but Napoleon III ruled almost like a dictator.
• France prospered during mid-century. Napoleon promoted
heavy industry. During this time Ferdinand de Lesseps organized
the building of the Suez Canal to like the Mediterranean and the
Red Seas.
• Napoleon’s attempt to make Mexico a French satellite failed.
• Napoleon III rose to power after the revolution of 1848.
• People of all classes were attracted to his magical name, and a
reminder of the days when France had towered over Europe.
However Napoleon III didn’t bring glory or an empire.
• The Second Monarchy of France looked like a constitutional
monarchy, but Napoleon III ruled almost like a dictator.
• France prospered during mid-century. Napoleon promoted
heavy industry. During this time Ferdinand de Lesseps organized
the building of the Suez Canal to like the Mediterranean and the
Red Seas.
• Napoleon’s attempt to make Mexico a French satellite failed.
• In 1871 France lost the provinces of Alasce and Lorraine during
the Franco-Prussian War.
• In 1871 Prussians still occupied Eastern France, and an uprising
known as the Paris Commune broke out in the capital.
• In 1871 Prussians still occupied Eastern France, and an uprising
known as the Paris Commune broke out in the capital.
• Communards, French nationalists, rejected the peace with
Germany that the National Assembly had signed.
• In 1871 Prussians still occupied Eastern France, and an uprising
known as the Paris Commune broke out in the capital.
• Communards, French nationalists, rejected the peace with
Germany that the National Assembly had signed.
• Radicals wanted a new socialist order and dreamed of rebuilding
France into a loose federation of communes.
• In 1871 Prussians still occupied Eastern France, and an uprising
known as the Paris Commune broke out in the capital.
• Communards, French nationalists, rejected the peace with
Germany that the National Assembly had signed.
• Radicals wanted a new socialist order and dreamed of rebuilding
France into a loose federation of communes.
• The National Assembly ordered the commune, rebels, to
disband. When they refused the government besieged Paris.
• In 1871 Prussians still occupied Eastern France, and an uprising
known as the Paris Commune broke out in the capital.
• Communards, French nationalists, rejected the peace with
Germany that the National Assembly had signed.
• Radicals wanted a new socialist order and dreamed of rebuilding
France into a loose federation of communes.
• The National Assembly ordered the commune, rebels, to
disband. When they refused the government besieged Paris.
• The rebels toppled great Paris monuments and slaughtered
hostages.
• In 1871 Prussians still occupied Eastern France, and an uprising
known as the Paris Commune broke out in the capital.
• Communards, French nationalists, rejected the peace with
Germany that the National Assembly had signed.
• Radicals wanted a new socialist order and dreamed of rebuilding
France into a loose federation of communes.
• The National Assembly ordered the commune, rebels, to
disband. When they refused the government besieged Paris.
• The rebels toppled great Paris monuments and slaughtered
hostages.
• In the end, government forces butchered 20,000 communards.
• In 1871 Prussians still occupied Eastern France, and an uprising
known as the Paris Commune broke out in the capital.
• Communards, French nationalists, rejected the peace with
Germany that the National Assembly had signed.
• Radicals wanted a new socialist order and dreamed of rebuilding
France into a loose federation of communes.
• The National Assembly ordered the commune, rebels, to
disband. When they refused the government besieged Paris.
• The rebels toppled great Paris monuments and slaughtered
hostages.
• In the end, government forces butchered 20,000 communards.
• The Paris Commune left bitter memories that deepened social
divisions within France.
• Right out of the civil war in 1871, the Third Republic remained in
place for 70 years.
• Right out of the civil war in 1871, the Third Republic remained in
place for 70 years.
• The Lower House, or Chamber of Deputies, was elected by
universal male suffrage.
• Right out of the civil war in 1871, the Third Republic remained in
place for 70 years.
• The Lower House, or Chamber of Deputies, was elected by
universal male suffrage.
• The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies elected the president
of the republic.
• Right out of the civil war in 1871, the Third Republic remained in
place for 70 years.
• The Lower House, or Chamber of Deputies, was elected by
universal male suffrage.
• The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies elected the president
of the republic.
• The president had little real power and was mostly a figurehead.
Most of the power was in the premier, or prime minister.
• Right out of the civil war in 1871, the Third Republic remained in
place for 70 years.
• The Lower House, or Chamber of Deputies, was elected by
universal male suffrage.
• The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies elected the president
of the republic.
• The president had little real power and was mostly a figurehead.
Most of the power was in the premier, or prime minister.
• Since there were so many political parties in France, politicians
had to form coalitions-alliances of various parties.
• Right out of the civil war in 1871, the Third Republic remained in
place for 70 years.
• The Lower House, or Chamber of Deputies, was elected by
universal male suffrage.
• The Senate and the Chamber of Deputies elected the president
of the republic.
• The president had little real power and was mostly a figurehead.
Most of the power was in the premier, or prime minister.
• Since there were so many political parties in France, politicians
had to form coalitions-alliances of various parties.
• General Georges Boulanger rallied royalists and ultranationalists
eager for revenge on Germany. He was accused of trying to
overthrow the republic so he fled to Germany.
• The most disturbing scandal happened in 1894 when Captain
Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of spying.
• The most disturbing scandal happened in 1894 when Captain
Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of spying.
• The War Department kept the Dreyfus evidence in a “secret file.”
• The most disturbing scandal happened in 1894 when Captain
Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of spying.
• The War Department kept the Dreyfus evidence in a “secret file.”
• Most of the French army didn’t like Dreyfus because he was the
first Jew to reach a high position in the French army.
• The most disturbing scandal happened in 1894 when Captain
Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of spying.
• The War Department kept the Dreyfus evidence in a “secret file.”
• Most of the French army didn’t like Dreyfus because he was the
first Jew to reach a high position in the French army.
• Major Ferdinand Esterhazy was guilty of the same crime Dreyfus
was convicted of. Despite strong evidence, a secret military court
cleared him out of all charges, and he fled the country.
• The most disturbing scandal happened in 1894 when Captain
Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of spying.
• The War Department kept the Dreyfus evidence in a “secret file.”
• Most of the French army didn’t like Dreyfus because he was the
first Jew to reach a high position in the French army.
• Major Ferdinand Esterhazy was guilty of the same crime Dreyfus
was convicted of. Despite strong evidence, a secret military court
cleared him out of all charges, and he fled the country.
• After almost five years in prison Dreyfus was brought back to
France for a new trial.
• The most disturbing scandal happened in 1894 when Captain
Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of spying.
• The War Department kept the Dreyfus evidence in a “secret file.”
• Most of the French army didn’t like Dreyfus because he was the
first Jew to reach a high position in the French army.
• Major Ferdinand Esterhazy was guilty of the same crime Dreyfus
was convicted of. Despite strong evidence, a secret military court
cleared him out of all charges, and he fled the country.
• After almost five years in prison Dreyfus was brought back to
France for a new trial.
• The French president pardoned Dreyfus, but this was not
enough for Dreyfusards, supporters of Dreyfus. A pardon implied
he was guilty.
• The most disturbing scandal happened in 1894 when Captain
Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of spying.
• The War Department kept the Dreyfus evidence in a “secret file.”
• Most of the French army didn’t like Dreyfus because he was the
first Jew to reach a high position in the French army.
• Major Ferdinand Esterhazy was guilty of the same crime Dreyfus
was convicted of. Despite strong evidence, a secret military court
cleared him out of all charges, and he fled the country.
• After almost five years in prison Dreyfus was brought back to
France for a new trial.
• The French president pardoned Dreyfus, but this was not
enough for Dreyfusards, supporters of Dreyfus. A pardon implied
he was guilty.
• Finally in 1906 his conviction was overturned.
• The Dreyfus case reflected the rise of anti-Semitism in Europe.
• The Dreyfus case reflected the rise of anti-Semitism in Europe.
• In Western Europe some Jews had gained jobs in government,
universities, and other areas of life.
• The Dreyfus case reflected the rise of anti-Semitism in Europe.
• In Western Europe some Jews had gained jobs in government,
universities, and other areas of life.
• Most Jews struggled to survive in the ghettos of Eastern Europe
or the slums of Western Europe.
• The Dreyfus case reflected the rise of anti-Semitism in Europe.
• In Western Europe some Jews had gained jobs in government,
universities, and other areas of life.
• Most Jews struggled to survive in the ghettos of Eastern Europe
or the slums of Western Europe.
• Theodor Herzl, a Hungarian Jewish journalist living in France
published The Jewish State. He called for Jews to form their own
separate state.
• The Dreyfus case reflected the rise of anti-Semitism in Europe.
• In Western Europe some Jews had gained jobs in government,
universities, and other areas of life.
• Most Jews struggled to survive in the ghettos of Eastern Europe
or the slums of Western Europe.
• Theodor Herzl, a Hungarian Jewish journalist living in France
published The Jewish State. He called for Jews to form their own
separate state.
• Herzl helped launch modern Zionism, the movement devoted to
rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine.
• The Dreyfus case reflected the rise of anti-Semitism in Europe.
• In Western Europe some Jews had gained jobs in government,
universities, and other areas of life.
• Most Jews struggled to survive in the ghettos of Eastern Europe
or the slums of Western Europe.
• Theodor Herzl, a Hungarian Jewish journalist living in France
published The Jewish State. He called for Jews to form their own
separate state.
• Herzl helped launch modern Zionism, the movement devoted to
rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine.
• In 1897 Herzl organized the first world order of Zionists in Basel,
Switzerland.
• The Dreyfus case reflected the rise of anti-Semitism in Europe.
• In Western Europe some Jews had gained jobs in government,
universities, and other areas of life.
• Most Jews struggled to survive in the ghettos of Eastern Europe
or the slums of Western Europe.
• Theodor Herzl, a Hungarian Jewish journalist living in France
published The Jewish State. He called for Jews to form their own
separate state.
• Herzl helped launch modern Zionism, the movement devoted to
rebuilding a Jewish state in Palestine.
• In 1897 Herzl organized the first world order of Zionists in Basel,
Switzerland.
• 50 years later, Zionists in Palestine founded the modern nation
of Israel.
• France adopted laws regulating wages, hours, and safety
conditions for workers.
• France adopted laws regulating wages, hours, and safety
conditions for workers.
• A system of public elementary schools, to provide basic
education for all was set up.
• France adopted laws regulating wages, hours, and safety
conditions for workers.
• A system of public elementary schools, to provide basic
education for all was set up.
• France tried to limit the power of the Church and end its
involvement in government.
• France adopted laws regulating wages, hours, and safety
conditions for workers.
• A system of public elementary schools, to provide basic
education for all was set up.
• France tried to limit the power of the Church and end its
involvement in government.
• In 1896 a law that gave married women a right to their own
earnings was passed.
• France adopted laws regulating wages, hours, and safety
conditions for workers.
• A system of public elementary schools, to provide basic
education for all was set up.
• France tried to limit the power of the Church and end its
involvement in government.
• In 1896 a law that gave married women a right to their own
earnings was passed.
• In 1909 Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl founded the French Union
for Women’s Suffrage.
• France adopted laws regulating wages, hours, and safety
conditions for workers.
• A system of public elementary schools, to provide basic
education for all was set up.
• France tried to limit the power of the Church and end its
involvement in government.
• In 1896 a law that gave married women a right to their own
earnings was passed.
• In 1909 Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl founded the French Union
for Women’s Suffrage.
• French women did not gain the right to vote until 1944.
• France adopted laws regulating wages, hours, and safety
conditions for workers.
• A system of public elementary schools, to provide basic
education for all was set up.
• France tried to limit the power of the Church and end its
involvement in government.
• In 1896 a law that gave married women a right to their own
earnings was passed.
• In 1909 Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl founded the French Union
for Women’s Suffrage.
• French women did not gain the right to vote until 1944.
• By 1914 France was the largest democratic country on the
European continent.
• France adopted laws regulating wages, hours, and safety
conditions for workers.
• A system of public elementary schools, to provide basic
education for all was set up.
• France tried to limit the power of the Church and end its
involvement in government.
• In 1896 a law that gave married women a right to their own
earnings was passed.
• In 1909 Jeanne-Elizabeth Schmahl founded the French Union
for Women’s Suffrage.
• French women did not gain the right to vote until 1944.
• By 1914 France was the largest democratic country on the
European continent.
• The French people still wanted Alsace and Lorraine.
• In 1800 the United States extended from the Atlantic coast to the
Mississippi River.
• In 1800 the United States extended from the Atlantic coast to the
Mississippi River.
• In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana
territory from France.
• In 1800 the United States extended from the Atlantic coast to the
Mississippi River.
• In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana
territory from France.
• The Louisiana Purchase nearly doubled the size of the nation.
• In 1800 the United States extended from the Atlantic coast to the
Mississippi River.
• In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana
territory from France.
• The Louisiana Purchase nearly doubled the size of the nation.
• By 1850, the United States included other territories, such as
Florida, Oregon, and the Lone Star Republic of Texas.
• In 1800 the United States extended from the Atlantic coast to the
Mississippi River.
• In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana
territory from France.
• The Louisiana Purchase nearly doubled the size of the nation.
• By 1850, the United States included other territories, such as
Florida, Oregon, and the Lone Star Republic of Texas.
• In 1867 the U.S bought Alaska from Russia and in 1898 it
annexed the Hawaiian Islands.
• In 1800 the United States extended from the Atlantic coast to the
Mississippi River.
• In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana
territory from France.
• The Louisiana Purchase nearly doubled the size of the nation.
• By 1850, the United States included other territories, such as
Florida, Oregon, and the Lone Star Republic of Texas.
• In 1867 the U.S bought Alaska from Russia and in 1898 it
annexed the Hawaiian Islands.
• Newcomers pushed the Native Americans off their lands.
• In 1800 the United States extended from the Atlantic coast to the
Mississippi River.
• In 1803, President Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana
territory from France.
• The Louisiana Purchase nearly doubled the size of the nation.
• By 1850, the United States included other territories, such as
Florida, Oregon, and the Lone Star Republic of Texas.
• In 1867 the U.S bought Alaska from Russia and in 1898 it
annexed the Hawaiian Islands.
• Newcomers pushed the Native Americans off their lands.
• Some Native American groups resisted the invaders. However,
Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce nation to forces of the federal
government.
• In 1800 the United States had the most liberal suffrage in the
world, but still only white men who owned land could vote.
• In 1800 the United States had the most liberal suffrage in the
world, but still only white men who owned land could vote.
• By the 1830s most white men had the right to vote. However,
women, Native Americans, and freed blacks still had no vote.
• In 1800 the United States had the most liberal suffrage in the
world, but still only white men who owned land could vote.
• By the 1830s most white men had the right to vote. However,
women, Native Americans, and freed blacks still had no vote.
• In the early 1800s a few Americans denounced slavery and
demanded its abolition.
• In 1800 the United States had the most liberal suffrage in the
world, but still only white men who owned land could vote.
• By the 1830s most white men had the right to vote. However,
women, Native Americans, and freed blacks still had no vote.
• In the early 1800s a few Americans denounced slavery and
demanded its abolition.
• As new states entered the union, pro- and antislavery forces met
in violent confrontations to decide whether slavery would be legal
in the new state.
• In 1800 the United States had the most liberal suffrage in the
world, but still only white men who owned land could vote.
• By the 1830s most white men had the right to vote. However,
women, Native Americans, and freed blacks still had no vote.
• In the early 1800s a few Americans denounced slavery and
demanded its abolition.
• As new states entered the union, pro- and antislavery forces met
in violent confrontations to decide whether slavery would be legal
in the new state.
• Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton traveled to London for
the World Antislavery Convention-only to find they were
unwelcome because they were women.
• In 1800 the United States had the most liberal suffrage in the
world, but still only white men who owned land could vote.
• By the 1830s most white men had the right to vote. However,
women, Native Americans, and freed blacks still had no vote.
• In the early 1800s a few Americans denounced slavery and
demanded its abolition.
• As new states entered the union, pro- and antislavery forces met
in violent confrontations to decide whether slavery would be legal
in the new state.
• Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Cady Stanton traveled to London for
the World Antislavery Convention-only to find they were
unwelcome because they were women.
• By 1848, Mott and Stanton organized the Seneca Falls
Convention in New York to discuss the problems women had.
• Economic differences as well as the slavery issue drove the
North and the South apart. The division reached a crisis when
Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860.
• Economic differences as well as the slavery issue drove the
North and the South apart. The division reached a crisis when
Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860.
• Lincoln opposed extending slavery into new territories.
• Economic differences as well as the slavery issue drove the
North and the South apart. The division reached a crisis when
Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860.
• Lincoln opposed extending slavery into new territories.
• After Lincoln’s election the Southern States seceded from the
Union forming the Confederate States of America. This sparked
the Civil War. From 1861 to 1865, the agonizing ordeal divided
families as well as a nation.
• Economic differences as well as the slavery issue drove the
North and the South apart. The division reached a crisis when
Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860.
• Lincoln opposed extending slavery into new territories.
• After Lincoln’s election the Southern States seceded from the
Union forming the Confederate States of America. This sparked
the Civil War. From 1861 to 1865, the agonizing ordeal divided
families as well as a nation.
• Lincoln’s most successful general, Ulysses S. Grant used the
massive forces of the north to launch a full offensive against the
south.
• Economic differences as well as the slavery issue drove the
North and the South apart. The division reached a crisis when
Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860.
• Lincoln opposed extending slavery into new territories.
• After Lincoln’s election the Southern States seceded from the
Union forming the Confederate States of America. This sparked
the Civil War. From 1861 to 1865, the agonizing ordeal divided
families as well as a nation.
• Lincoln’s most successful general, Ulysses S. Grant used the
massive forces of the north to launch a full offensive against the
south.
• The Confederacy surrendered in 1865, but the war had cost
600,000 lives.
• Economic differences as well as the slavery issue drove the
North and the South apart. The division reached a crisis when
Abraham Lincoln was elected president in 1860.
• Lincoln opposed extending slavery into new territories.
• After Lincoln’s election the Southern States seceded from the
Union forming the Confederate States of America. This sparked
the Civil War. From 1861 to 1865, the agonizing ordeal divided
families as well as a nation.
• Lincoln’s most successful general, Ulysses S. Grant used the
massive forces of the north to launch a full offensive against the
south.
• The Confederacy surrendered in 1865, but the war had cost
600,000 lives.
•After the war three amendments to the constitution banned
slavery throughout the country.
• Just like Western Europe the United States plunged into the
Industrial Revolution. The U.S. seemed to have unlimited natural
resources and help from European capital so the economy
boomed.
• Just like Western Europe the United States plunged into the
Industrial Revolution. The U.S. seemed to have unlimited natural
resources and help from European capital so the economy
boomed.
• By 1900 the U.S were leaders in industrial and agricultural
production.
• Just like Western Europe the United States plunged into the
Industrial Revolution. The U.S. seemed to have unlimited natural
resources and help from European capital so the economy
boomed.
• By 1900 the U.S were leaders in industrial and agricultural
production.
• Inventions helped increase production such as the mechanical
reaper, the mechanical plow, and the thresher.
• Just like Western Europe the United States plunged into the
Industrial Revolution. The U.S. seemed to have unlimited natural
resources and help from European capital so the economy
boomed.
• By 1900 the U.S were leaders in industrial and agricultural
production.
• Inventions helped increase production such as the mechanical
reaper, the mechanical plow, and the thresher.
• Cotton Mills used machines and cheap labor to turn out great
quantities of mass-produced goods.
• Just like Western Europe the United States plunged into the
Industrial Revolution. The U.S. seemed to have unlimited natural
resources and help from European capital so the economy
boomed.
• By 1900 the U.S were leaders in industrial and agricultural
production.
• Inventions helped increase production such as the mechanical
reaper, the mechanical plow, and the thresher.
• Cotton Mills used machines and cheap labor to turn out great
quantities of mass-produced goods.
• In the early 1800s canals and turnpikes helped farmers and
entrepreneurs in the U.S.
• Just like Western Europe the United States plunged into the
Industrial Revolution. The U.S. seemed to have unlimited natural
resources and help from European capital so the economy
boomed.
• By 1900 the U.S were leaders in industrial and agricultural
production.
• Inventions helped increase production such as the mechanical
reaper, the mechanical plow, and the thresher.
• Cotton Mills used machines and cheap labor to turn out great
quantities of mass-produced goods.
• In the early 1800s canals and turnpikes helped farmers and
entrepreneurs in the U.S.
• Henry Ford’s “Model T” became the symbol of the new
automobile era.
• The U.S. brought urbanization as millions of people left the
farms for jobs in the cities.
• The U.S. brought urbanization as millions of people left the
farms for jobs in the cities.
• In the city slums, disease, poverty, and unemployment were
daily threats.
• The U.S. brought urbanization as millions of people left the
farms for jobs in the cities.
• In the city slums, disease, poverty, and unemployment were
daily threats.
• By the late 1800s American workers were creating labor unions
to defend their interests.
• The U.S. brought urbanization as millions of people left the
farms for jobs in the cities.
• In the city slums, disease, poverty, and unemployment were
daily threats.
• By the late 1800s American workers were creating labor unions
to defend their interests.
• In the 1890s farmers joined city workers in the Populist Party.
They succeeded in making the 8 hour work day a law.
• The U.S. brought urbanization as millions of people left the
farms for jobs in the cities.
• In the city slums, disease, poverty, and unemployment were
daily threats.
• By the late 1800s American workers were creating labor unions
to defend their interests.
• In the 1890s farmers joined city workers in the Populist Party.
They succeeded in making the 8 hour work day a law.
• In the 1800s and early 1900s the population soared as millions
of Irish, German, Chinese, Italian, Eastern European Jews, and
many other immigrants arrived.
• The U.S. brought urbanization as millions of people left the
farms for jobs in the cities.
• In the city slums, disease, poverty, and unemployment were
daily threats.
• By the late 1800s American workers were creating labor unions
to defend their interests.
• In the 1890s farmers joined city workers in the Populist Party.
They succeeded in making the 8 hour work day a law.
• In the 1800s and early 1900s the population soared as millions
of Irish, German, Chinese, Italian, Eastern European Jews, and
many other immigrants arrived.
• By 1900 reformers known as Progressives sought laws to ban
child labor, limit working hours, regulate monopolies, and give
voters more power.
• By 1900 the U.S. was the world’s leading industrial giant.
• By 1900 the U.S. was the world’s leading industrial giant.
• The U.S. was becoming a global power. Its ships had opened
up Japan to western trade.
• By 1900 the U.S. was the world’s leading industrial giant.
• The U.S. was becoming a global power. Its ships had opened
up Japan to western trade.
• In the Spanish American War of 1898, the U.S. acquired
territories, including the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
• By 1900 the U.S. was the world’s leading industrial giant.
• The U.S. was becoming a global power. Its ships had opened
up Japan to western trade.
• In the Spanish American War of 1898, the U.S. acquired
territories, including the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
• Many Americans wanted to maintain their tradition of
isolationism, or limited involvement in world affairs.
• By 1900 the U.S. was the world’s leading industrial giant.
• The U.S. was becoming a global power. Its ships had opened
up Japan to western trade.
• In the Spanish American War of 1898, the U.S. acquired
territories, including the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
• Many Americans wanted to maintain their tradition of
isolationism, or limited involvement in world affairs.
• Expansionists urged the nation to pursue global economic and
military interests.
• By 1900 the U.S. was the world’s leading industrial giant.
• The U.S. was becoming a global power. Its ships had opened
up Japan to western trade.
• In the Spanish American War of 1898, the U.S. acquired
territories, including the Philippines, Guam, and Puerto Rico.
• Many Americans wanted to maintain their tradition of
isolationism, or limited involvement in world affairs.
• Expansionists urged the nation to pursue global economic and
military interests.
• In 1914 rivalries among European nations exploded into global
war. Although the U.S was a world power it tried to stay out of the
conflict.
1. Some people thought the Dreyfus case reflected the
1)growth of religious tolerance.
2)separation of church and state under the French constitution.
3)protection of human rights under the French constitution.
4)rise of anti-Semitism in Europe.
2. In the early 1800s, the British Parliament represented mainly the interests of
1)British citizens.
2)the middle class.
3)wealthy noblemen.
4)the working-class majority.
3. The Reform Act of 1832 in Britain was important because it
1)brought full democracy.
2)abolished the class system.
3)gave more seats in Parliament to large towns.
4)gave all British males the right to vote.
4. How did Thomas Jefferson virtually double the land size of the United States in 1803?
1)He negotiated new boundaries with Mexico.
2)He led the army in a successful campaign against Canada.
3)He bought the Louisiana Territory from France.
4)He won California in the Mexican War.
5. In 1815, Catholics and non-Anglican Protestants in Britain
1)benefited from new laws governing religious freedom.
2)formed the House of Commons.
3)were excommunicated by the monarch.
4)were not allowed to vote or serve in Parliament.