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Professor of Medicine: University of Minnesota, 1976 Minneapolis, Minnesota Professor of Physiology: University of Minnesota, 1976 - 90 Minneapolis, Minnesota 1973 - 76 Professor of Medicine: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York APPOINTMENTS (continued): 1969 - 73 Associate Professor of Medicine: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York 1966 - 69 Assistant Professor of Medicine: Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Graduate School, Biological Sciences Council, University of Minnesota Full Member: Molecular, Cellular, Developmental Biology and Genetics 1993 Biomedical Sciences 1990 Neuroscience 1989 - 94 Hospital: Director, Thyroid Research Unit: University of Minnesota, Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Director, Thyroid Research Laboratories: University Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Attending Physician, University Hospitals: University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Director, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism: Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Interim Director, Division of Endocrinology Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Head, Division of Endocrinology: Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center - Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York Attending Physician: Department of Medicine, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, Bronx, New York Adjunct Attending Physician: Department of Medicine, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, Bronx, New York Assistant Clinical Professor of Neurology (Endocrinology): New York University, New York City Assistant Attending Physician: Department of Medicine, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, Bronx, New York RESEARCH: Principal Investigator: USPHS Grant RO1 DK-19812 (formerly AM-15421, NB03000), Thyroxine-Protein Interaction Total Direct Costs $1,368,522.00, 3/1/92-2/28/97 (30 years of continued funding) Principal Investigator: USPHS DK-07203, Training in Diabetes, 1993 1976 1976 1976 - 93 1992 - 93 1968 - 76 1967 - 76 1963 - 67 1962 - 66 1960 - 63 1961 - 97 1977 - 94 Endocrinology and Metabolism, Total Direct Costs $509,040.00, 7/1/90-6/30/95 Director: Training Grant in Investigative Endocrinology for the Albert Einstein College of Medicine, USPHS AM-07004 Career Scientist Award: Health Council of the City of New York 1975 - 76 1962 - 72 BOARD CERTIFICATION AND LICENSE: American Board of Internal Medicine, November 9, 1961 New York State Medical License No. 75478 New York City Radioactive Materials Licenses No. 146-3 and 148.8 Minnesota Medical License No. 23071 AWARDS AND HONORS: Henry Moses Award (Montefiore Hospital Alumni Association) Van Meter Award, American Thyroid Association, Rome, Italy Astwood Lecturer, Endocrine Society, Miami, Florida Felllow of the American College of Physians Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science Parke-Davis Distinguished Lectureship Award, awarded by American Thyroid Association President, American Thyroid Association Cecil J. Watson Professor of Medicine Listed in Good Housekeeping as among top 400 U.S. Physicians American Thyroid Association Distinguished Service Award Symposium on Thyroid Hormone Action in Honor of Dr. Jack H. Oppenheimer, Saint Paul, Minnesota. Sponsored by Department of Continuing Medical Education 1962 1965 1978 1982 1983 1985 - 86 1986 - 1997 1991 1992 1993 SELECTED LECTURES AND SYMPOSIA: Invited Lecturer: Laurentian Hormone Conference, Mt. Tremblant, Quebec, August 1968 Second Francis R. Keating Symposium, Mayo Clinic, April 1972 Symposium on L-triiodothyronine, American Thyroid Association, Chicago, October 1972 Organizing Committee, International Hormone Conference, Glasgow, Scotland, 1974 Chairman, Session on Mechanism of Action of Thyroid Hormones, Gordon Conferences, July 1974 Beth Israel Seminar in Medicine, October 1974 Invited Lecturer in honor of Dr. A. Querido on the 25th Anniversary of his professorship, University of Leiden, November 1974 Invited Lecturer, Laurentian Hormone Conference, August 1975 Visiting Professor of Medicine, University of Colorado, April 1974 Samuel F. Haines Lecturer & Visiting Faculty Member, Mayo Clinic, October 16-18, 1978 Visiting Professor of Endocrinology, UCLA, December 10-14, 1979 Invited Lecturer, Silver Anniversary, India Institute of Chemical Pathology, Calcutta, India, 1981 Invited Lecturer, Gordon Conference on Hormone Action, August 1982 Lecturer, Honors Program, New York University, January 1984 Richard Winzler Lecturer, Florida State University, January 1985 Invited Lecturer, Symposium on Iodine Nutrition, Thyroxine, and Brain Development, New Delhi, India, February 1985 Ray and Robert Krock Lecturer, Whittier Institute, LaJolla, California, September 1986 Endocrine Society Postgraduate Assembly, November 1986 Invited Lecturer, Fuji Hormone Conference, Japan, July 1987 Invited Lecturer, 1st European Congress of Endocrinology, June-July 1987 Invited Lecturer , Symposium on Thyroid Hormone Action, Endocrine Society, New Orleans, LA, June 1988 Invited Lecturer, Stenbrook Symposium: Hormones, Thermogenesis and Obesity, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, June 1988 Invited Lecturer, 14th International Congress of Biochemistry, Prague, Czechoslovakia, July 1988 Member, Organizing and Program Committee, 10th International Thyroid Conference, September 9, 1990 Invited Lecturer: Beth Israel Hospital Seminars in Medicine, Harvard University, Jan. 1990 Organizer, Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Thyroid Hormone Action, March 1991 Rank Prize Fund Lecturer, London, December 1991 SELECTED LECTURES AND SYMPOSIA (continued): Invited Lecturer, Keystone Symposia on Molecular and Cellular Biology, Steroid/Thyroid Receptor Gene Super Family, February 1992 Meet the Professor Lecturer - American Thyroid Association, October 1992 Symposium on Thyroid Cancer, Invited Speaker, Endocrine Society National Meeting, Las Vegas, NV, June 1993 Symposium on Brain Sciences, Plenary Speaker, Minneapolis, MN, October 1993 International Symposium on Thyroid Hormone Action, Ulm, Germany, November 1993 Meet the Professor, Thyroid Hormone Replacement and Suppression, National Meeting of the American Thyroid Association, Tampa FL, November 1993 John I. Coe Symposium: Thyroid Disease: A Multidisciplinary Approach, Invited Speaker Hennepin County Medical Center, Minneapolis MN, March, 1995 Invited Speaker, International Symposium on Thyroid Hormone in honor of Drs. Gabriella Morreale de Escobar and Francisco Escobar del Rey, Madrid, Spain, May 1995 Invited Speaker, 2nd International Workshop on Thyroid Hormone Resistance, Padua, Italy, May 1995 Invited Speaker, Symposium in honor of Drs. Rall and Robbins, Washington, D.C., June, 1995 Annual Speaker, New England Thyroid Club, Worscester, MA, April, 1996 Invited Speaker - Symposium on Metabolism and Thyroid Hormone, Roterdam, The Netherlands, September 1997 MEMBERSHIP: American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Association of American Physicians American Society for Clinical Investigation American Federation for Clinical Research American Physiological Society American Thyroid Association Central Society for Clinical Research The Endocrine Society European Thyroid Association (Corresponding Member) Fellow, American College of Physicians Phi Beta Kappa Sigma Xi EDITORIAL BOARDS: Endocrinology 1967 - 73 Endocrine Research Communications Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism Editor, Thyroid Today The Journal of Clinical Investigation The Journal of Biological Chemistry Endocrine Reviews The Journal of Biological Chemistry 1974 - 86 1974 - 80 1976 - 82 1976 1979 - 84 1983 - 88 1988 - 93 1994 - 98 OTHER PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES: Co-Chairman, Endocrinology Teaching Committee, Albert Einstein College of Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine: Admissions, Curriculum, Faculty Affairs, Academic Freedom and Tenure, AECOM OTHER PROFESSIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES (continued): University of Minnesota: Departmental Promotions Self Study Task Force, Medical School Chairman of Committee to Review Administration Member, Search Committee for the Directorship of the General Clinical Research Center Member, University Senate Task Force for the Creation of a Neuroscience Center Member, Search Committee for the Head, Department of Physiology Chairman, Search Committee for the Head, Department of Pharmacology Task Force for the Reorganization of Biological Sciences at the University of Minnesota Protocol Committee, General Clinical Research Center Member, Search Committee for the Head, Department of Neurosurgery M.D./Ph.D. Training Program Committee Member, Scientific Advisory Committee, University of Minnesota Chairman, Search Committee for Director of Pediatric Endocrinology Chairman, Search Committee, Bone and Mineral Metabolism Clinical Investigator Chairman, Department of Medicine Clinic Review Committee Member, Strategic Planning for Research at the University of Minnesota Member, Endocrine Study Section, National Institutes of Health, 1973 - 77 Member, Committee to Evaluate Research in the Department of Psychiatry Current Service on University Committees: Advisory Committee, General Clinical Research Center Member, NIH Reviewers Reserve Study Section/Multiple Ad Hoc reviews, 1990 Societies: American Thyroid Association: Member of various committees and member of Council (1978 - 87; 1985 - 88) President (1985 - 1986) Endocrine Society: Member of various committees and member of Council (1982 - 85) Founder and Chairman, Public Affairs Committee (1969 - 71) Member, Nominating Committee (1988 - 89) PREVIOUS TRAINEES: Since 1961, a total of 64 postdoctoral and 6 predoctoral Ph.D. candidates. BIBLIOGRAPHY (Exclusive of Abstracts) 1. Oppenheimer JH, Riester WH: Influence of cortisone on leptomeningeal reaction induced by talc. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 83:844-847, 1953. 2. Oppenheimer JH, Tata JR, Rawson RW: Morphological and functional studies of thyroid tissue cultures. Exp Cell Res 11:368-377, 1956. 3. Oppenheimer JH, Wise HM, Lasley DA: The role of the thyroid gland in experimental traumatic shock. J Clin Invest 37:380-388, 1958. 4. Mansberger AR, Ochsner EW, Jacob SW, Oppenheimer JH, Gillette RW: A new preparation for the study of experimental shock from massive wounds. II. Evaluation of various therapeutic regimens with specific reference to the role of antibiotics, fluid replacement and débridement. Surgery 43:708-720, 1958. 5. Mansberger AR, Oppenheimer JH, Gillette RW: A new preparation for the study of experimental shock from massive wounds. III: Effect of local wound treatment on survival time. Surgery 43:721-729, 1958. 6. Oppenheimer JH, Knecht AT, Mansberger AR, Gillette RW, Pon DS: A new preparation for the study of experimental shock from massive wounds. IV: The effect of penicillin and streptomycin on the quantitative bacteriologic flora of the wound. Surgery 43:730739, 1958. 7. Gillette RW, Oppenheimer JH, Mansberger AR, Johnson CE, Kookootsedes GJ: A new preparation for the study of experimental shock from massive wounds. V. Changes in some serum electrolytes and nitrogenous fraction values. Surgery 43:740-746, 1958. 8. Gillette RW, Mansberger AR, Oppenheimer JH, Caldwell BF, Neff EG: A new preparation for the study of experimental shock from massive wounds. VI: Paper electrophoretic studies of the serum proteins. Surgery 43:747-751, 1958. 9. Wise HM, Oppenheimer JH, Knecht DT, Beals GS, Yessis M: experimental wounds. Ann Surg 148:805-810, 1958. 10. Oppenheimer JH, McPherson HT: The syndrome of the iodide-induced goiter and myxedema. Am J Med 30:281-288, 1961. 11. Oppenheimer JH, Fisher LV, Jailer JW: Disturbance of the pituitary-adrenal interrelationship in diseases of the central nervous system. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 21:1023-1036, 1961. 12. Oppenheimer JH, Fisher LV, Nelson KM, Jailer JW: Depression of the serum proteinbound iodine level by diphenylhydantoin. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 21:252-262, 1961. Absorption from 13. Kahana L, Lebovitz H, Lusk W, McPherson HT, Davidson ET, Oppenheimer JH, Engel FL, Woodhall B, Odom G: Endocrine manifestations of intracranial extrasellar lesions. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 22:304-324, 1962. 14. Oppenheimer JH, Tavernetti RR: Studies on the thyroxine-diphenylhydantoin interaction. Effect of 5,5' diphenylhydantoin on the displacement of L-thyroxine from the thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG). Endocrinology 71:496-504, 1962. 15. Oppenheimer JH, Tavernetti RR: Displacement of thyroxine from human thyroxinebinding globulin by analogues of hydantoin. Steric aspects of the thyroxine-binding site. J Clin Invest 41:2213-2220, 1962. 16. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Effect of penicillin on thyroxine-binding by plasma proteins. Endocrinology 72:567-573, 1963. 17. Squef R, Martinez M, Oppenheimer JH: Use of thyroxine-displacing drugs in identifying serum thyroxine-binding proteins separated by starch gel electrophoresis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 113:837-840, 1963. 18. Oppenheimer JH, Squef R, Surks MI, Hauer H: Binding of thyroxine by serum proteins evaluated by equilibrium dialysis and electrophoretic techniques. Alterations in nonthyroidal illness. J Clin Invest 42:1769-1781, 1963. 19. Katz FH, Oppenheimer JH: Idiopathic elevation of serum thyroxine-binding alphaglobulin capacity: report of a case and comment on incidence. Aerospace Med 34:11521153, 1963. 20. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Postoperative changes in the concentration of thyroxinebinding prealbumin and serum free thyroxine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 24:794-802, 1964. 21. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI: Determination of free thyroxine in human serum: theoretical and experimental analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 24:785-7893, 1964. 22. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI, Smith JC, Squef R: Isolation and characterization of human thyroxine-binding prealbumin. J Biol Chem 240:173-180, 1965. 23. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI, Bernstein G, Smith JC: Metabolism of 131I-labeled thyroxine-binding prealbumin in man. Science 149:748-751, 1965. 24. Oppenheimer JH, Bernstein G: Van Meter Prize Essay. The metabolism and physiological significance of thyroxine-binding prealbumin in man. In: Current Topics in Thyroid Research (C Cassano, M Andreoli, eds.), Proc 5th Intl Thyroid Conf, Rome. New York: Academic Press, 1965, pp. 674-694. 25. Smith JC, Bernstein G, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: A method of preparative starch-gel electrophoresis. Biophys Biochem Acta 115:81-87, 1966. A 26. Oppenheimer JH, Martinez M, Bernstein G: Determination of the maximal binding capacity and protein concentration of thyroxine-binding prealbumin in human serum. J Lab Clin Med 67:500-509, 1966. 27. Bernstein G, Oppenheimer JH: Factors influencing the concentration of free and total thyroxine in patients with nonthyroidal disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 26:195-201, 1966. 28. Oppenheimer JH, Werner SC: Effect of prednisone on thyroxine-binding proteins. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 26:715-721, 1966. 29. Oppenheimer JH: Abnormalities of neuroendocrine functions in man. In: Neuroendocrinology (L Martini, WF Ganong, eds.), Vol. 2, New York: Academic Press, 1967, pp. 665-700. 30. Bernstein G, Hasen J, Oppenheimer JH: Turnover of 131I-thyroxine in patients subjected to surgical trauma. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 7:741-744, 1967. 31. Volpert EM, Martinez M, Oppenheimer JH: Radioiodinated impurities in commercial preparations of 131I-thyroxine and their effect on the measurement of free thyroxine in human serum by equilibrium dialysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 27:421-428, 1967. 32. Oppenheimer JH, Bernstein G, Hasen J: Estimation of rapidly exchangeable cellular thyroxine from plasma disappearance curves of simultaneously administered 131Ithyroxine and albumin 125I. J Clin Invest 46:762-777, 1967. 33. Hollander CS, Scott RL, Burgess JA, Rabinowitz D, Merimee TJ, Oppenheimer JH: Free fatty acids: a possible regulator of free thyroid hormone levels in man. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 27:1219-1223, 1967. 34. Hasen J, Bernstein G, Volpert E, Oppenheimer JH: Analysis of the rapid interchange of thyroxine between plasma and liver and plasma and kidney in the intact rat. Endocrinology 82:37-46, 1968. 35. Bernstein G, Artz SA, Hasen J, Oppenheimer JH: Hepatic accumulation of 125Ithyroxine in the rat: augmentation by phenobarbital and chlordane. Endocrinology 82:406-409, 1968. 36. Oppenheimer JH, Bernstein G, Surks MI: Increased thyroxine turnover and thyroidal function after stimulation of hepatocellular binding of thyroxine by phenobarbital. J Clin Invest 47:1399-1406, 1968. 37. Oppenheimer JH: Medical progress: role of plasma proteins in the binding, distribution and metabolism of the thyroid hormones. New Eng J Med 278:1153-1162, 1968. 38. Hollander CS, Bernstein G, Oppenheimer JH: Abnormalities of thyroxine binding analbuminemia. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 28:1064-1068, 1968. 39. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Iodinated lipids: a possible artifact in isotopic equilibration with dietary iodide. Endocrinology 83:897-899, 1968. 40. Schwartz HL, Bernstein G, Oppenheimer JH: Effect of phenobarbital administration on the subcellular distribution of 125I-thyroxine in rat liver: Importance of microsomal binding. Endocrinology 84:270-276, 1969. 41. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Formation of iodoprotein during the peripheral metabolism of 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine-125I in euthyroid man and rat. J Clin Invest 48:685-695, 1969. 42. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI, Schwartz HL: The metabolic significance of exchangeable cellular thyroxine. In: Recent Progress in Hormone Research (EB Astwood, ed.), New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1967, 25:381-422. 43. Schwartz HL, Kozyreff V, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Increased deiodination of Lthyroxine and L-triiodothyronine by liver microsomes from rats treated with phenobarbital. Nature 221:1262-1263, 1969. 44. Surks MI, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Tissue iodoprotein formation during the peripheral metabolism of the thyroid hormones. J Clin Invest 48:2168-2175, 1969. 45. Oppenheimer JH: An unsolved problem: low serum PBI values in patients with chronic disease. J Chron Dis 22:129-131, 1969. 46. Kozyreff V, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Demonstration of membrane-linked iodoprotein in hepatic microsomes following metabolism of the thyroid hormones. Endocrinology 86:781-786, 1970. 47. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Shapiro HC, Bernstein G, Surks MI: Differences in primary cellular factors influencing the metabolism and distribution of 3,5,3'-Ltriiodothyronine and L-thyroxine. J Clin Invest 49:1016-1024, 1970. 48. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Composition of nonextractable radioactivity formed after injection of labeled L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine in rats. Endocrinology 87:567-575, 1970. 49. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI: Nature, transport in plasma and metabolism of thyroid hormones. In: The Thyroid (SO Werner, SH Ingbar, eds.), New York: Harper & Row, 1971, pp. 52-65. 50. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI: Kinetics of iodine metabolism: hormonal distribution and turnover. In: The Thyroid (SO Werner, SH Ingbar, eds.), New York: Harper & Row, 1971, pp. 66-78. 51. Shapiro HC, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Cellular and plasma protein determinants in the differential distribution and metabolism of D- and L-thyroxine in the rat. Endocrinology 88:93-101, 1971. 52. Oppenheimer JH, Shapiro HC, Schwartz HL, Surks MI: Dissociation between thyroxine metabolism and hormonal action in phenobarbital-treated rats. Endocrinology 88:115119, 1971. 53. Schwartz HL, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Quantitation of extrathyroidal conversion of L-thyroxine to 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine in the rat. J Clin Invest 50:1124-1130, 1971. 54. Oppenheimer JH: Public education, a responsibility of our scientific societies. Clin Res 19:257-259, 1971. 55. Kozyreff V, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Formation of nondissociable hormone-protein complexes during the in vitro incubation of L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine with hepatic microsomes. Endocrinology 89:749-755, 1971. 56. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Metabolism of phenolic- and tyrosyl-ring labeled Lthyroxine in human beings and rats. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 33:612-618, 1971. 57. Schadlow AR, Surks MI, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Specific triiodothyronine binding sites in the anterior pituitary of the rat. Science 176:1252-1254, 1972. 58. Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormones in liver. 2nd F.R. Keating Symposium, Mayo Clinic, 1972. Mayo Clinic Proc 47:854-863, 1972. 59. Oppenheimer JH, Koerner D, Schwartz HL, Surks MI: Specific nuclear triiodothyronine binding sites in rat liver and kidney. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 35:330-333, 1972. 60. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI, Schwartz HL: Slow fractional removal of nonextractable iodine from rat tissue after injection of labeled L-thyroxine and 3,5,3'-triiodo-L-thyronine: a possible clue to the mechanism of initiation and persistence of hormonal action. J Clin Invest 51:2796-2807, 1972. 61. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Surks MI: Propylthiouracil inhibits the conversion of Lthyroxine to L-triiodothyronine. An explanation of the antithyroxine effect of propylthiouracil and evidence supporting the concept that triiodothyronine is the active thyroid hormone. J Clin Invest 51:2493-2497, 1972. 62. Surks MI, Schadlow AR, Oppenheimer JH: A new radioimmunoassay for plasma Ltriiodothyronine: measurements in thyroid disease and in patients maintained on hormonal replacement. J Clin Invest 51:3104-3113, 1972. 63. Gordon A, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroxine stimulation of amino acid incorporation into mitochondrial protein: differences between in vivo and in vitro effects. Acta Endocrinol. 72:684-696, 1973. 64. Koerner D, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: In vitro formation of apparent covalent complexes between L-triiodothyronine and plasma protein. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36:239-245, 1973. 65. Oppenheimer JH: Possible clues in the continuing search for the subcellular basis of thyroid hormone action. Festschrift of the Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine in Memory of Dr. Solomon Berson. 40:491-501, 1973. 66. Oppenheimer JH: Interaction of drugs with thyroid hormone binding sites. Ann NY Acad Sci 226:333-340, 1973. 67. Surks MI, Koerner D, Dillmann W, Oppenheimer JH: Limited capacity binding sites for L-triiodothyronine in rat liver nuclei: localization to the chromatin and partial characterization of the L-triiodothyronine-chromatin complex. J Biol Chem 248:70667072, 1973. 68. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Dillmann W, Surks MI: Effect of thyroid hormone analogues on the displacement of 125I-L-triiodothyronine from hepatic and heart nuclei in vivo: possible relationship to hormonal activity. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 55:544550, 1973. 69. Surks MI, Schadlow AR, Stock JM, Oppenheimer JH: Determination of iodothyronine absorption and conversion of L-thyroxine (T4) to L-triiodothyronine (T3) using turnover rate techniques. J Clin Invest 52:805-811, 1973. 70. Schwartz HL, Schadlow AR, Faierman D, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Heparin administration appears to decrease cellular binding of thyroxine. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 36:598-600, 1973. 71. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI: Quantitative aspects of hormone production, distribution, metabolism, and activity. In: Handbook of Physiology, Chapter 13, vol. III "Thyroid", Section 7 Endocrinology, (DH Solomon, RO Greer, eds.), Washington, DC: American Physiological Society, 1974, pp. 197-214. 72. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Surks MI: Tissue differences in the concentration of triiodothyronine nuclear binding sites in the rat: liver, kidney, pituitary, heart, brain, spleen, and testis. Endocrinology 95:897-903, 1974. 73. Stock JM, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Replacement dosage of L-thyroxine in hypothyroidism: a re-evaluation. New Eng J Med 290:529-533, 1974. 74. Dillmann W, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Quantitative aspects of iodothyronine binding by cytosol proteins of rat liver and kidney. Endocrinology 96:492-498, 1974. 75. Koerner D, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: In vitro demonstration of specific triiodothyronine binding sites in rat liver nuclei. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 38:706-709, 1974. 76. Oppenheimer JH: Newer in vitro tests of thyroid function. Diagnostica 32:4-7, 1974. 77. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Koerner D, Surks MI: Limited binding capacity sites for L-triiodothyronine in rat liver nuclei: nuclear-cytoplasmic interrelation, binding constants, and cross-reactivity with L-thyroxine. J Clin Invest 53:768-777, 1974. 78. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI: Biochemical basis of thyroid hormone action. In: Biochemical Actions of Hormones (G Litwach, ed.), Vol. 3, New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1975. 79. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Methods for determining the conversion of L-thyroxine (T4) to L-triiodothyronine (T3). In: Methods in Enzymology (JG Hardman, BW O'Malley, eds.), Section III, New York: Academic Press, Inc., 1975. 80. Balsam A, Oppenheimer JH: Pituitary tumor with primary hypothyroidism: possible etiologic relationship. NY State J Med 75:1737-1741, 1975. 81. Surks MI, Koerner DH, Oppenheimer JH: In vitro binding of L-triiodothyronine to receptors in rat liver nuclei: kinetics of binding, extraction properties, and lack of requirement for cytosol proteins. J Clin Invest 55:50-60, 1975. 82. Stock JH, Ghatak NR, Oppenheimer JH: Unsuspected meningioma in a patient with pituitary gigantism. Case report with autopsy findings. Metabolism 24:767-775, 1975. 83. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Surks MI: Nuclear binding capacity appears to limit the hepatic response to L-triiodothyronine (T3). End Res Comm 2:309-325, 1975. 84. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Surks MI: Determination of common parameters of iodothyronine metabolism and distribution in man by noncompartmental analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41:319-324, 1975. Erratum: Revised calculations of common parameters of iodothyronine metabolism and distribution by noncompartmental analysis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41:1172-1173, 1975. 85. Bermudez F, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: High incidence of decreased serum triiodothyronine concentration in patients with nonthyroidal disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 41:27-40, 1975. 86. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Surks MI, Koerner DH, Dillmann W: Physiological significance of nuclear receptor sites. Proc Int Conf Thyroid Horm Metab, Glasgow, Scotland, Academic Press, 1975. 87. Koerner D, Schwartz HL, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH, Jorgensen EC: Binding of selected iodothyronine analogues to receptor sites of isolated rat hepatic nuclei: high correlation between structural requirements for nuclear binding and biological activity. J Biol Chem 250:6417-6423, 1975. 88. Oppenheimer JH: Initiation of thyroid hormone action. The Beth Israel Seminars in Medicine. N Eng J Med 292:1063-1068, 1975. 89. Jorgenson EC, Dietrich SW, Koerner D, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormones: comparative structural requirements for activity in vivo and for binding rat liver nuclei. Proc West Pharmacol Soc 18:389-392, 1975. 90. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI: The peripheral action of the thyroid hormones. In: Medical Clinics of North America, Vol. 59, No. 5 (GN Burrow, ed.), New York: WB Saunders Co., 1975, pp. 1055-1061. 91. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Isolation and characterization of thyroid hormone receptors. In: Hormone-receptor Interaction: Molecular Aspects (GS Levey, ed.), New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1976, pp. 373-384. 92. Goslings B, Schwartz HL, Dillmann W, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Comparison of the metabolism and distribution of L-triiodothyronine and triiodothyroacetic acid in the rat: a possible explanation of differential hormonal potency. Endocrinology 98:666-675, 1976. 93. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI, Schwartz HL, Koerner DH, Dillmann W: Quantitative relationships between nuclear occupancy and enzyme response to thyroid hormone administration. In: Biochemical Basis of Thyroid Stimulation and Thyroid Hormone Action (A Vonzur Muhlen, H Schleusener, eds.), Stuttgart: George Thieme, 1976, pp. 157-168. 94. Oppenheimer JH, Surks MI, Schwartz HL, Koerner DH, Dillmann W: Evidence in support of a nuclear site for the initiation of thyroid hormone action. In: Regulation of Thyroid Function (E Klein and RD Reinwein, eds.), Stuttgart: FK Schatlauer, 1976, pp. 131-141. 95. Solomon DH, Benotti J, DeGroot LJ, Greer MA, Oppenheimer JH, Pileggi VJ, Robbins J, Selenkow HA, Sterling K, Volpe R: Revised nomenclature for tests of thyroid hormones in serum. Letter to the Editor from the Committee on Nomenclature of the American Thyroid Association. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 42:595-598, 1976. 96. Dillmann W, Schwartz HL, Silva E, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Effect of alphaamanitin on the induction of hepatic enzymes by triiodothyronine. Proc 7th Int Thyroid Conf, Boston, 1975. Excerpta Medica, Int Congress Series No. 378, Amsterdam, 1976, pp. 326-330. 97. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Surks MI, Koerner D, Dillmann W: Nuclear receptors and initiation of thyroid hormone action. Rec Prog Horm Res 32:529 565, 1976. 98. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Incomplete suppression of thyrotropin secretion after single injection of large L-triiodothyronine doses into hypothyroid rats. Endocrinology 99:1432-1441, 1976. 99. Dillmann WH, Silva E, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Studies of a thyroid hormone and androgen dependent protein in rat liver cytosol. Acta Endocrinologica 84:548-558, 1977. 100. Dillmann WH, Schwartz HL, Silva E, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Alpha-amanitin administration results in a temporary inhibition of hepatic enzyme induction by triodothyronine: further evidence favoring a long-lived mediator of thyroid hormone action. Endocrinology 100:1621-1627, 1977. 101. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Concentration of L-thyroxine and L-triiodothyronine specifically bound to nuclear receptors in rat liver and kidney: quantitative evidence favoring a major role of T3 in thyroid hormone action. J Clin Invest 60:555-562, 1977. 102. Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH: Treatment of hypothyroidism. In: Current Therapy (H Conn, ed.), Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co., 1977, pp. 508-511. 103. Oppenheimer JH, Silva E, Schwartz HL, Surks MI: Stimulation of hepatic mitochondrial a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme by L-triiodothyronine: Characteristics of the response with specific nuclear thyroid hormone binding sites fully saturated. J Clin Invest 59:517-527, 1977. 104. Hoffman DP, Surks MI, Oppenheimer JH, Weitzman ED: Response to thyrotropin releasing hormone: an objective criterion for the adequacy of thyrotropin suppression therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 44:892-901, 1977. 105. Silva ES, Astier H, Thakare U, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Partial purification of the triiodothyronine receptor from rat liver nuclei: differences in the chromatographic mobility of occupied and unoccupied sites. J Biol Chem 252:6799-6805, 1977. 106. Gorman CA, Becker DV, Greenspan FS, Levy RP, Oppenheimer JH, Rivlin RS, Robbins J, VanderLaan WP: Breast cancer and thyroid therapy. Statement by the American Thyroid Association. JAMA 237:1459-1460, 1977. 107. Oppenheimer JH, Dillmann WH: Molecular mechanisms at the tissue level in hyperthyroidism. In: Clinics in Endocrinology and Metabolism (R Volpe, DSB Inglis, eds.), Vol. 7, London: WB Saunders, 1978, pp. 145-165. 108. Oppenheimer JH, Gurpide E: Quantitation of production, distribution and interconversion of hormones. In: Metabolic Basis of Endocrinology, XIII, Chapter 152 (L DeGroot et al., eds.), New York: Grune & Stratton, 1979, pp. 568-574. 109. Oppenheimer JH, Dillmann WH: Nuclear receptors for triiodothyronine: a physiological persepective. In: Receptors and Hormone Action (L Birnbaum, BW O'Malley, eds.), Vol. III, Academic Press, 1978, pp. 1-33. 110. Dillmann WH, Mendecki J, Koerner D, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Triiodothyronine-stimulated formation of poly (A) containing RNA and mRNA in rat liver. Endocrinology 102:568-575, 1978. 111. Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Physiologic and biochemical actions of thyroid hormone. Pharmac Ther B 3:349-376, 1978. 112 Dillmann WH, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Selective alterations in hepatic enzyme response after reduction of nuclear triiodothyronine receptor sites by partial hepatectomy and starvation. Biophys Res Comm 80:259-266, 1978. 113. Dillmann WH, Bonner RA, Oppenheimer JH: Glucagon administration decreases hepatic nuclear triiodothyronine binding capacity. Endocrinology 102:1633-1636, 1978. 114. Oppenheimer JH, Coulombe P, Schwartz HL, Gutfeld NW: Nonlinear (amplified) relationship between nuclear occupancy by triiodothyronine and the appearance rate of hepatic α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase and malic enzyme in the rat. J Clin Invest 61:987-997, 1978. 115. Coulombe P, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Relationship between the accumulation of pituitary growth hormone and nuclear occupancy by triiodothyronine in the rat. J Clin Invest 62:1020-1028, 1978. 116. Mendecki J, Dillmann WH, Wolley RC, Oppenheimer JH, Koss LG: Effect of thyroid hormone on the ploidy of rat liver nuclei as determined by flow-cytometry. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 158:63-67, 1978. 117. Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Nuclear triiodothyronine receptor sites in brain: probable identity with hepatic receptors and regional distribution. Endocrinology 103:267-273, 1978. 118. Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Ontogenesis of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptors in neonatal rat brain: dissociation between receptor concentration and stimulation of oxygen consumption by 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine. Endocrinology 103:943-948, 1978. 119. Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormone action at the cellular level. Science 203:971-979, 1979. 120. Towle HC, Dillmann WH, Oppenheimer JH; Messenger RNA content and complexity of euthyroid and hypothyroid rat liver. J Biol Chem 254:2250-2257, 1979. 121. Schuster LD, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Nuclear receptors for 3,5,3'triiodothyronine in human liver and kidney: characterization, quantitation and similarities to rat receptors. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 48:627-632, 1979. 122. Towle HC, Dillmann WH, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Interaction of thyroid hormones with target tissues: effects of hepatic mRNA population. Keystone Conference. Proceedings of Transmembrane Signaling Symposium, New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1978, pp. 691-701. 123. Oppenheimer JH, Dillmann WH, Schwartz HL, Towle HC: Nuclear receptors and thyroid hormone action: a progress report. Fed Proc 38:2154-2161, 1979. 124. Dillmann WH, Oppenheimer JH: Glucagon influences the expression of thyroid hormone action: discrepancy between nuclear triiodothyronine receptor number and enzyme responses. Endocrinology 105:74-79, 1979. 125. Schwartz HL, Forciea MA, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Age-related reduction in response of hepatic enzymes to 3,5,3' triiodothyronine administration. Endocrinology 105:41-46, 1979. 126. Bonner RA, Mukai K, Oppenheimer JH: Two unusual variants of Nelson's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 49:23-29, 1979. 127. Mariash CN, Kaiser FE, Oppenheimer JH: Comparison of the response characteristics of four lipogenic enzymes to 3,5,3' triiodothyronine administration: evidence for variable degrees of amplification of the nuclear-3,5,3' triiodothyronine signal. Endocrinology 106:22-27, 1980. 128. Bantle JP, Dillmann WH, Oppenheimer JH, Bingham C, Runger GC: Common clinical indices of thyroid hormone action: relationships to serum free 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine concentration and estimated nuclear occupancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 50:286-293, 1980. 129. Towle HC, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Changes in the hepatic levels of messenger ribonucleic acid for malic enzyme during induction by thyroid hormone or diet. Biochemistry 19:579-585, 1980. 130. Steffes MW, Oppenheimer JH: The laboratory evaluation of thyroid function. Minnesota Medicine 62:162-164, 1979. 131. Mariash CN, Kaiser FE, Schwartz HL, Towle HC, Oppenheimer JH: Synergism of thyroid hormone and high carbohydrate diet in the induction of lipogenic enzymes in the rat: mechanisms and implications. J Clin Invest 65:1126-1134, 1980. 132. Kaiser FE, Mariash CN, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Inhibition of malic enzyme induction of triiodothyronine in the diabetic rat: reversal by fructose feeding. Metabolism 29:767-772, 1980. 133. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL: Factors determining the level of activity of 3, 5, 3'triiodothyronine responsive hepatic enzymes in the starved rat. Endocrinology 107:14601468, 1980. 134. Schwartz HL, Lancer SR, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormones influence starvationinduced hepatic protein loss in the rat: possible role of thyroid hormones in the generation of labile protein. Endocrinology 107:1684-1692, 1980. 135. Simat BM, Towle HC, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Difference between thyroidectomized animals and hypophysectomized in their hepatic ribonucleic acid response to thyroid hormone. Endocrinology 107:1338-1344, 1980. 136. Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Mechanisms of thyroid hormone action. Minnesota Medicine 63:454-456, 1980. 137. Bantle JP, Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Hunninghake DB, Probstfield JL, Hanson RF: TSH response to TRH in euthyroid, hypercholesterolemic patients treated with graded doses of dextrothyroxine. Metabolism 30:63-66, 1981. 138. Jump DB, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormone receptor-containing fragment released from chromatin by deoxyribonuclease I and micrococcal nuclease. Science 209:811-813, 1980. 139. Seelig S, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Limitations in the conventional analysis of the interaction of triiodothyronine with solubilized nuclear receptor sites: inapparent binding of triiodothyronine to nonspecific binding sites. J Biol Chem 256:2154-2161, 1981. 140. Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Starvation effects on hepatic enzyme response to triiodothyronine and hepatic protein degradation. In: The Low T3 Syndrome Importance of rT3. Serono Symposia, Rome, 1980. 141. Oppenheimer JH: Molecular basis of thyroid hormone action. In: Yearbook of Science and Technology, New York: McGraw Hill Book Co., 1981, p. 395. 142. Oppenheimer JH, Bantle JP: Thyroid function testing. 44th Annual Course in Surgery, Breast and Endocrine Surgery, University of Minnesota, 1980. 143. Towle HC, Mariash CN, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Quantitation of rat liver messenger ribonucleic acid for malic enzyme during induction of thyroid hormone. Biochemistry 20:3486-3492, 1981. 144. Forciea MA, Schwartz HL, Towle HC, Mariash CN, Kaiser FE, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormone-carbohydrate interaction in the rat: correlation between age-related reductions in the inducibility of hepatic malic enzyme by triiodo-L-thyronine and a high carbohydrate, fat-free diet. J Clin Invest 67:1739-1747, 1981. 145. Winkelmann JC, Mariash CN, Towle HC, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroidectomy increases rat hepatic ferritin iron. Science 213:569-571, 1981. 146. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, Kaiser FE: Evidence for a factor in the sera of patients with nonthyroidal disease which inhibits iodothyronine binding by solid matrices, serum proteins, and rat hepatocytes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 54:757-766, 1982. 147. Jump DB, Seelig S, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Association of thyroid hormone receptor with rat liver chromatin. Biochemistry 20:6781-6789, 1981. 148. Seelig S, Oppenheimer JH: Thermodynamics of the triiodothyronine-nuclear receptor interaction: role of hydrophobicity in triiodothyronine binding to its receptor. J Biol Chem 257:1378-1382, 1982. 149. Mariash CN, McSwigan CR, Towle HC, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Glucose and triiodothyronine both induce malic enzyme in the rat hepatocyte culture: evidence that triiodothyronine multiplies a primary glucose-generated signal. J Clin Invest 68:14851490, 1981. 150. Oppenheimer JH, Mariash CN, Towle HC, Schwartz HL, Kaiser FE: Interaction of T3 and carbohydrate in the induction of lipogenic enzymes. Life Sciences 28:1693-1699, 1981. 151. Seelig S, Liaw C, Towle HC, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormone attenuates and augments hepatic gene expression at a pretranslational level. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 78:4733-4737, 1981. 152. Schuster LD, Bantle JP, Oppenheimer JH, Seljeskog EL: Acromegaly: reassessment of the long-term therapeutic effectiveness of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery. Ann Intern Med 95:172-174, 1981. 153. Bantle JP, Seelig S, Mariash CN, Ulstrom RA, Oppenheimer JH: Resistance to thyroid hormones: a disorder frequently confused with Graves' disease. Arch Intern Med 142:1867-1871, 1982. 154. Seelig S, Jump DB, Towle HC, Liaw C, Mariash CN, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Paradoxical effects of cycloheximide on the ultra-rapid induction of two hepatic mRNA sequences by triiodothyronine (T3). Endocrinology 110:671-673, 1982. 155. Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid function tests in nonthyroidal disease. (Editorial) J Chron Dis 35:697-701, 1982. 156. Jump DB, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH, Conlon-Hollingshead C, Munro H: Evidence for post-transcriptional effects of T3 on hepatic ferritin synthesis. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 104:701-707, 1982. 157. Liaw C, Seelig S, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH, Towle HC: Interactions of thyroid hormone, growth hormone, and high carbohydrate, fat-free diet in regulating several rat liver messenger ribonucleic acid species. Biochemistry 22:213-221, 1983. 158. Mariash CN, Seelig S, Oppenheimer JH: A rapid, inexpensive, quantitative technique for the analysis of two-dimensional electrophoretograms. Analytical Biochemistry 121:388394, 1982. 159. Oppenheimer JH: The molecular basis of thyroid hormone action: scattered pieces of a jigsaw puzzle. In: Physiopathology of Endocrine Disease and Mechanisms of Hormone Action (RJ Soto, A DeNicola, J Blaquier, eds.), New York: Alan R. Liss, Inc., 1981, pp. 45-56. 160. Oppenheimer JH, Samuels HH, eds.: Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action. New York: Academic Press, 1983. 161. Oppenheimer JH: The nuclear receptor-triiodothyronine complex: relationship to thyroid hormone distributions, metabolism, and biological action. In: Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action (JH Oppenheimer, HH Samuels, eds.), New York: Academic Press, 1983, pp. 1-34. 162. Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormone-carbohydrate interaction. In: Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action (JH Oppenheimer, HH Samuels, eds.), New York: Academic Press, 1983, pp. 265-292. 163. Kaiser FE, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Comparison of age-related decreases in the basal and carbohydrate inducible levels of liopgenic enzymes in adipose tissue and liver. Metabolism 32:838-845, 1983. 164. Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Interrelationship of triiodothyronine concentration, metabolism, protein binding, and nuclear occupancy in the induction of malic enzyme by cultured adult rat hepatocytes. Endocrinology 112:80-85, 1983. 165. Bergman TA, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Anterior mediastinal mass in a patient with Graves' disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 55:587-588, 1982. 166. Bantle JP, Beyer S, Oppenheimer JH: Recurrent episodes of spontaneously resolving hyperthyroidism due to thyroiditis. Minnesota Medicine 66:295-297, 1983. 167. Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Stimulation of malic enzyme formation in hepatocyte culture by metabolites: evidence favoring a nonglycolytic metabolite as the proximate induction signal. Metabolism 33:545-552, 1983. 168. Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormone-carbohydrate interaction at the hepatic nuclear level. Fed Proceedings 41:2671-2676, 1982. 169. Carr FE, Seelig S, Mariash CN, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Starvation and hypothyroidism exert an overlapping influence on rat hepatic messenger RNA activity profiles. J Clin Invest 72:154, 1983. 170. Kaiser FE, Orth DN, Mukai K, Oppenheimer JH: A pituitary parasellar tumor with extracranial metastases and high, partially suppressible levels of adrenocorticotropin and related peptides. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 57:649-653, 1983. 171. Oppenheimer JH: Mechanism of thyroid hormone action: Resident and Staff Physician 29:152-29s, January 1983. 172. Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Nuclear receptors in thyroid function. Medicine (Special Issue), pp. 1-8, October 1982. 173. Topliss DJ, Mariash CN, Seelig S, Carr FE, Oppenheimer JH: Effects of triiodothyronine and glucose on cultured rat hepatocyte gene expression. Endocrinology 112:1868-1870, 1983. 174. Carr FE, Bingham C, Oppenheimer JH, Kistner C, Mariash CN: Quantitative investigation of hepatic genomic response to hormonal and pathophysiological stimuli by multivariate analysis of two dimensional mRNA activity profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:974-978, 1984. 175. Schwartz HL, Trence D, Jiang NS, Oppenheimer JH: Distribution and metabolism of Land D-triiodothyronine (T3) in the rat: preferential accumulation of L-T3 by hepatic and cardiac nuclei as a probable explanation of the differential biological potency of T3 enantiomers. Endocrinology 113:1236-1243, 1983. 176. Seelig S, Mariash CN, Topliss DJ, Oppenheimer JH: Growth hormone acts at a pretranslational level in hepatocyte cultures. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 115:882-887, 1983. 177. Jump DB, Oppenheimer JH: Association of thyroid hormone receptors with chromatin. Mol Cell Biochem 55:159-176, 1983. 178. Oppenheimer JH, Jump DB, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, Seelig SS, Towle HC: Evolving concepts of thyroid hormone action at the nuclear level. In: The Endocrines and the Liver, Vol. 51 (M Langer, L Chiandussi, IJ Chopra, L Martini, eds.), Serono Symposia. London: Academic Press, 1982, pp. 171-183. clinical implications. Diagnostic 179. Oppenheimer JH: Evidence for an inhibitor of T4 binding by solid matrices, plasma proteins and cells in patients with non-thyroidal illness. In: The Endocrines and the Liver, Vol. 51 (M Langer, L Chiandussi, IJ Chopra, L Martini, eds.), Serono Symposia. London: Academic Press, 1982, pp. 213-216. 180. Jump DB, Narayan P, Towle H, Oppenheimer JH: Rapid effects of triiodothyronine on hepatic gene expression: hybridization analysis of tissue specific triiodothyronineregulation of mRNA-S14. J Biol Chem 259:2789-2797, 1984. 181. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Jump DB, Mariash CN: Recent studies of thyroid hormone action at the hepatocellular level. In: Peripheral Metabolism of Thyroxine. Biochemical Background and Clinical Significance Symposium, Reisensburg, F.R. Germany, 1983, Hormone and Metabolic Research Supplement Series Vol. No. 14, George Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1984, pp. 6-15. 182. Carr FE, Jump DB, Oppenheimer JH: Distribution of thyroid hormone responsive translated products in rat liver polysome and postribosomal ribonucleoprotein populations. Endocrinology 115:1737-1745, 1984. 183. Bantle JP, Hunninghake DB, Frantz ID, Kuba K, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Comparison of the effectiveness of thyrotropin-suppressive doses of D- and L-thyroxine in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. Am J Med 77:475-481, 1984. 184. Oppenheimer JH: In vitro thyroid function tests: the price of progress. (Editorial) Drug Therapy 13:51-54, 1983. 185. Kinlaw WB, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, Bingham C, Carr FE, Oppenheimer JH: Hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid activity profiles in experimental azotemia in the rat. Relationship to food intake and thyroid function. J Clin Invest 74:1934-1941, 1984. 186. Mariash CN, Jump DB, Oppenheimer JH: T3 stimulates the synthesis of a specific mRNA in primary hepatocyte culture. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 123:1122-1129, 1984. 187. Kinlaw WB, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Decreased serum triiodothyronine in starving rats is due primarily to diminished thyroidal secretion of thyroxine. J Clin Invest 75:1238-1241, 1985. 188. Beyer HS, Carr FE, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid activity profile of rats subjected to alterations in thyroidal and adrenocorticol states: evidence for significant interaction. Endocrinology 116:2669-2676, 1985. 189. Beyer HS, Bantle JP, Mariash CN, Steffes MW, Seljeskog EL, Oppenheimer JH: Use of the dexamethasone-adrenocorticotropin test to assess the requirement for continued glucocorticoid replacement therapy after pituitary surgery. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 60:1012-1018, 1985. 190. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL: Stereospecific transport of triiodothyronine from plasma to cytosol and from cytosol to nucleus in rat liver, kidney, brain, and heart. J Clin Invest 75:147-154, 1985. 191. Mooradian AD, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Transcellular and transnuclear transport of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine in isolated hepatocytes. Endocrinology 117:2449-2456, 1985. 192. Bantle JP, Oppenheimer JH: Differentiated thyroid carcinoma. In: Hormonally Responsive Tumors (VP Hollander, ed.), Orlando, Florida: Academic Press, 1985, pp. 539-540. 193. Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormone action at the nuclear level. 102:374-384, 1985. Ann Intern Med 194. Jump DB, Oppenheimer JH: High basal expression and 3, 5, 3' triiodothyronine regulation of ribonucleic acid-S14 in lipogenic tissues. Endocrinology 117:2259-2266, 1985. 195. Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Interaction of the thyroid hormone and nutritional signals on thyroid hormone action. Mol Cell Endocrinol 43:3-13, 1985. 196. Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid function tests: tips on ordering and interpreting. Modern Medicine, pp. 28-40, October 1985. 197. Kinlaw WB, Schwartz HL, Towle HC, Oppenheimer JH: Opposing effects of glucagon and triiodothyronine on hepatic levels of messenger ribonucleic acid-S14 and the dependence of these effects on circadian factors. J Clin Invest 78:1091-1096, 1986. 198. Freake HC, Mooradian AD, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Stereospecific transport of triiodothyronine to cytoplasm and nucleus in GH1 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 44:25-35, 1986. 199. Jump DB, Tao T-Y, Towle HC, Oppenheimer JH: Dissociation of hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid-S14 levels and nuclear transcriptional rates in suckling rats. Endocrinology 118:1892-1896, 1986. 200. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL: Thyroid hormone action at the nuclear level. In: Thyroid Hormone Metabolism (G Hennemann, ed.), New York: Marcel Dekker, 1986, pp. 383-415. 201. Wong NCW, Oppenheimer JH: Multihormonal regulation and kinetics of induction of a hepatic mRNA sequence which is slowly responsive to triiodothyronine. J Biol Chem 261:10387-10393, 1986. 202. Mariash CN, Seelig S, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Rapid synergistic interaction between thyroid hormone and carbohydrate on mRNA-S14 induction. J Biol Chem 261:9583-9586, 1986. 203. Cronrath CM, Freake HC, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Effect of thyroid hormones and high carbohydrate feeding on gene expression in rat epididymal adipose tissue. Endocrinology 120:43-48, 1987. 204. Jump DB, Wong NCW, Oppenheimer JH: Chromatin structure and methylation state of a thyroid hormone responsive gene in rat liver. J Biol Chem 262:778-784, 1987. 205. Weirich RT, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: An analysis of the interrelationship of nuclear and plasma triiodothyronine in the sea lamprey, lake trout, and rat: evolutionary considerations. Endocrinology 120:664-677, 1987. 206. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, Jump DB, Kinlaw WB: Current concepts of thyroid hormone action at the molecular level: possible clues in understanding the role of thyroid hormone in brain development. International Symposium Workshop on Iodine Nutrition, Thyroxine and Brain Development, New Delhi, 1987, pp.138-149. 207. Oppenheimer JH, Towle H: Messenger RNA-S14 as a model of thyroid hormone action at the hepatocellular level. In: Steroid and Sterol Hormone Action (TC Spelsberg and R Kumar, eds.), Boston: Martinus Nijhoff Publishing, 1987, pp. 305-317. 208. Kinlaw WB, Fish, LH, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Diurnal variation in hepatic expression of the rat S14 gene is synchronized by the photoperiod. Endocrinology. 120:1563-1567, 1987. 209. Kinlaw WB, Towle HC, Tao T-Y, Jump DB, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Glucagon causes disappearance of a T3 and carbohydrate-inducible rat hepatic mRNA (mRNA-S14): unexpected circadian dependency of response. In: Frontiers in Thyroidology Vol. 1 (G Medeiros-Neto and E Gaitan, eds.), New York: Plenum Medical Book Company, 1986, pp. 693-700. 210. Mariash CN, Seelig S, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Hypothyroidism inhibits the rapid response of mRNA-S14 to carbohydrate feeding. In: Frontiers in Thyroidology Vol. 1 (G Medeiros-Neto and E Gaitan, eds.), New York: Plenum Medical Book Company, 1986, pp. 701-704. 211. Mariash CN, Kinlaw WB, Schwartz HL, Freake HC, Oppenheimer JH: Interaction of thyroid hormone and carbohydrates on hepatic gene expression. In: Gene Regulation by Steroid Hormones III (AK Roy, JH Clark, eds.), Meadow Brook Conference on the Molecular Mechanism of Steroid Hormone Action. Springer-Verlag, 1987, pp. 273-297. 212. Freake HC, Oppenheimer JH: Stimulation of S14 mRNA and lipogenesis in brown fat by hypothyroidism, cold exposure and cafeteria feeding: evidence supporting a general role for S14 in lipogenesis and lipogenesis in the maintenance of thermogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci 84:3070-3074, 1987. 213. Fish LH, Schwartz HL, Cavanaugh J, Steffes MW, Bantle JP, Oppenheimer JH: Replacement dose, metabolism, and bioavailability of levothyroxine in the treatment of hypothyroidism: role of thiiodothyronine in pituitary feedback in humans. N Eng J Med 316: 764-770, 1987. 214. Hamblin PS, Santos A, Wong NCW, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Triiodothyronine regulation of multiple rat hepatic genes: Requirement for ongoing protein synthesis. Molecular Endocrinology 1:397-402, 1987. 215. Perez-Castillo A, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Rat hepatic mRNA-S14 and lipogenic enzymes during weaning: role of S14 in lipogenesis. Am J Physiology 253:E536-E542, 1987. 216. Wong NCW, Schwartz, HL, Santos A, Oppenheimer JH: Cycloheximide inhibits S-14 gene transcription and abolishes DNase I hypersensitive S-14 sites in the livers of euthyroid but not hypothyroid rats. Mol Endocrinol 1:459-464, 1987. 217. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, Kinlaw WB, Wong NCW, Freake, HC: Advances in our understanding of thyroid hormone action at the cellular level. Endocrine Reviews 8:288-308, 1987. 218. Kinlaw WB, Perez-Castillo AM, Fish LH, Mariash CN, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Interaction of dietary carbohydrate and glucagon in the regulation of rat hepatic messenger ribonucleic acid S14 expression: Role of circadian factors and 3', 5' cyclic adenosisne monophosphate. Mol Endocrinol 1:609-613, 1987. 219. Kinlaw WB, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Triiodothyronine rapidly reverses inhibition of S14 gene transcription by glucagon. Endocrinology 123:2255-2260, 1988. 220. Oppenheimer JH, Kinlaw WB, Schwartz HL, Wong NC, Perez-Castillo AM, Santos A, Hamblin S, Freake H, Mariash CN: Messenger RNA-S14 as a model of thyroid hormone action at the hepatocellular level. In: Highlights on Endocrinology (C Christiansen and BJ Riis, eds.), Proc First European Congress of Endocrinology, Copenhagen, 1987, pp. 405-410. 221. Oppenheimer JH, Kinlaw WB, Wong NC, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN: Regulation of gene S-14 by triiodothyronine in liver. In: Molecular Biological Approaches to Thyroid Research, International Symposium Reisenburg, June 1987, pp1-5, George Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart., 1987. 222. Larsen PR, Alexander NM, Chopra IJ, Hay ID, Hershman JM, Kaplan MM, Mariash CN, Nicoloff JT, Oppenheimer JH, Solomon DH, Surks MI: Revised nomenclature for tests of thyroid hormones and thyroid-related proteins in serum. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 64:1089, 1987. 223. Santos A, Perez-Castillo A, Wong NCW, Oppenheimer JH: Labile proteins are necessary for T3 induction of growth hormone in mRNA normal rat pituitary and rat pituitary tumor cells. J Biol Chem 262:16880-16884, 1987. 224. Santos A, Freake HC, Rosenberg ME, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Triiodothyronine nuclear binding capacity in rat tissues correlates with a 6.0 kb and not a 2.6 kb messenger ribonucleic acid hybridization signal generated by a human c-erbA probe. Mol Endo 2:992-998, 1988. 225. Freake HC, Santos A, Goldberg Y, Ghysdael J, Oppenheimer JH: Differences in antibody recognition of the triiodothyronine nuclear receptor and c-erbA products. Mol Endo 2:986-991, 1988. 226. Oppenheimer JH, Freake HC, Santos A, Perez-Castillo A, Schwartz HL, Kinlaw WB, Mariash CN, Strait K: Lipogenesis, thermogenesis, and the induction of mRNA-S14 by thyroid hormone. Stenbrook Symposium: Hormones, Thermogenesis and Obesity, University of Wisconsin, Madison,WI, June 1988. 227. Westphal SA, Mariash CN, Wick M, Oppenheimer JH: Hypercortisolism due to an automonously functioning pituitary adenoma: limitations in diagnositic test procedures. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 67:1105-1110, 1988. 228. Day R, Gebhard RL, Schwartz HL, Strait KA, Duane WC, Stone BG, Oppenheimer JH: Time course of hepatic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity and messenger ribonucleic acid, biliary lipid secretion, and hepatic cholesterol content in methimazole-treated hypothyroid and hypophysectomized rats after triiodothyronine administration: Possible linkage of cholesterol synthesis to biliary secretion. Endocrinology 125:459-468, 1989. 229. Wong NCW, Schwartz HL, Strait K, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormone, carbohydrate, and age-dependent regulation of a methylation site in the hepatic S14 gene. Mol Endo 3:645-650, 1989. 230. Wong NCW, Perez-Castillo AM, Sanders MM, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormone and circadian regulation of the binding activity of a liver-specific protein associated with the 5'-flanking region of the S-14 gene. J Biol Chem 264:4466-4470, 1989. 231. Oppenheimer JH: Chapter 4: Distribution and metabolism of the thyroid hormones. In: Thyroid Function and Disease, (G Burrow, JH Oppenheimer, R Volpé, eds.), Philadelphia: First Edition, Saunders, 1989. 232. Oppenheimer JH: Chapter 5: Tissue and cellular effect of thyroid hormones and their mechanism of action. In: Thyroid Function and Disease, (G Burrow, JH Oppenheimer, R Volpé, eds.), Philadelphia: First Edition, Saunders, 1989. 233. Oppenheimer JH, Volpé R: Measurement of thyroid function in: Thyroid Function and Disease, (G Burrow, JH Oppenheimer, R Volpé, eds.) Philadelphia: First Edition, Saunders, 1989. 234. Freake HC, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: The regulation of lipogenesis by thyroid hormone and its contribution to thermogenesis. Endocrinology 125:2868-2874, 1989. 235. Kinlaw WB, Ling NC, Oppenheimer JH: Identification of rat S14 protein and comparison of its regulation with that of mRNA S14 employing synthetic peptide antisera. J Biol Chem 264:19779-19783, 1989. 236. Strait KA, Kinlaw WB, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Kinetics of induction by thyroid hormone of the two hepatic mRNA's coding for cytosolic malic enzyme in the hypothyroid and euthyroid states: evidence against an obligatory role of S14 protein in malic enzyme gene expression. J Biol Chem 264:19784-19789, 1989. 237. Freake HC, Oppenheimer JH: The role of S14 and lipogenesis in the thermogenic effects of thyroid hormone. U.C.L.A. Conference Transactions, 1989. 238. Strait KA, Schwartz HL, Perez-Castillo A, Oppenheimer JH: Quantitation of erbA mRNA content to tissue triiodothyronine nuclear binding capacity and function in developing and adult rats. J Biol Chem 265:10514-10521, 1990. 239. Schueler PA, Schwartz HL, Strait KA, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Binding of 3,5,3' triiodothyronine (T3) and its analogs to the in vitro translational products of c-erbA protooncogenes: differences in the affinity of the α and β forms for the acetic acid analog and failure of the human testis and kidney α-2 products to bind T3. Mol Endo 4: 227234, 1990. 240. Strait KA, Schwartz HL, Seybold VS, Ling NC, Oppenheimer JH: Immuno-fluourescent localization of thyroid hormone receptor protein β1 and variant α2 in selected tissues: cerebellar purkinje cells as a model for ß1 receptor-mediated developmental effects of thyroid hormone in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 88:3887-3891, 1991. 241. Oppenheimer JH: Chapter 10: Thyroid Hormone Action at the Molecular Level. In: Werner and Ingbar's The Thyroid, (LE Braverman and RD Utiger, eds.), New York: 6th Edition, Lipincott, 1991, pp. 204-224. 242. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Lane JT, Thompson MP: Functional relationship of thyroid hormone-induced lipogenesis, lipolysis, and thermogenesis in the rat. J Clin Invest 87:125-132, 1991. 243. Lane JT, Godbole M, Strait KA, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH. Prolonged fasting reduces rat hepatic ß1 thyroid hormone receptor protein without changing the level of its messenger ribonucleic acid. Endocrinology 129:2881-2885, 1991. 244. Schwartz HL, Strait KA, Ling NC, Oppenheimer JH: Quantitation of rat tissue thyroid hormone binding receptor isoforms by immunoprecipitation of nuclear thiiodothyronine binding capacity. J Biol Chem 267:11794-11799, 1992. 245. Strait KA, Zou L, Oppenheimer JH: β1 isoform-specific regulation of a triiodothyronineinduced gene during cerebellar development. Mol Endocrinol 6:1874-1880, 1992. 246. Oppenheimer, JH: Remembrance of an unexpected turn in the road. Endocrinology 130:1761-1762, 1992. 247.Rodd C, Schwartz HL, Strait KA, Oppenheimer JH: Ontogeny of hepatic nuclear triiodothyronine receptor isoforms in the rat. Endocrinology 131:2559-2564, 1992. 248.Burmeister LA, Goumaz MO, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Levothyroxine dose requirements for thyrotropin suppression in the treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 75:344-350, 1992. 249.Lechan RM, Qi Y, Berrodin TJ, Davis KD, Schwartz HL, Strait KA, Oppenheimer JH, Lazar MA: Immunocytochemical delineation of thyroid hormone receptor ß2-like immunoreactivity in the rat central nervous sytem. Endocrinology 132:2461-2469, 1993. 250. Schwartz HL, Strait KA, Oppenheimer JH: Chapter: Molecular mechanisms of thyroid hormone action: a physiological perspective. In: Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, Philadelphia: Saunders, 1993, pp. 543-561. 251. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Strait KA: Chapter: An integrated view of thyroid hormone activity in vivo. In: Molecular Endocrinology: Basic Concepts and Clinical Correlations, B Weintraub Ed., Raven Press. 252. Goumaz MO, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH, Mariash CN: Kinetic model of the response of precursor and mature rat hepatic mRNA-S14 to thyroid hormone. Am J Physiol 266 (Endocrinol Metab 29):1001-1011, 1994. 253. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Strait KA: Thyroid hormone action 1994: The plot thickens. Euro J Endocrinol 130:15-24, 1994. 254. Zou L, Hagen S, Strait KA, Oppenheimer JH: Identification of thyroid hormone response elements in Pcp--2 ,a developmentally regulated gene of cerebellar purkinje cells. J Biol Chem 269:13346-13352, 1994. 255. Carlson DJ, Strait KA, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer, JH: Immunofluorescent localization of thyroid hormone receptor isoforms in glial cells of rat brain. Endocrinology 135:18311836, 1994. 256. Schwartz HL, Lazar MA, Oppenheimer JH: Widespread distribution of immunoreactive thyroid hormone β2 receptor. J Biol Chem 40:24777-24782, 1994. 257 Oppenheimer JH, Braverman LE, Toft A, Jackson IM, Ladenson PW: Thyroid hormone treatment - when and what. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 80:2873-2882, 1995. 258. Oppenheimer JH: Closing remarks, Symposium on thyroid hormone action and thyroid disease. Thyroid 3:395-396, 1994. 259. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL, Strait KA: Molecular Basis of Thyroid Hormone Action. Werner and Ingbar’s The Thyroid, 7th Edition Lipincott.-Raven , 1997. pp: 162184 260. Freake HC, Oppenheimer JH: Thermogenesis and thyroid function. Ann Rev Nutr 15:263-91, 1995. 261. Carlson DJ, Strait KA, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Thyroid hormone receptor isoform content in cultured type 1 and type 2 astrocytes. Endocrinology 137:911-917, 1996. 262. Hagen SG, Larson RJ, Strait KA, Oppenheimer JH: A Purkinje cell protein-2 intronic thyroid hormone response element binds developmentally regulation thyroid hormone receptor-nuclear protein complexes. J Mol Neuro 7:245-255, 1996. 263. Sood A, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Tissue-specific regulation of malic enzyme by thyroid hormone in the neonatal rat. Biochem Biophys Res Comm 222:287-291, 1996. 264. Fang S, Schwartz HL, Oppenheimer JH: Isoform-specific 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptor binding capacity and messenger ribonucleic acid content in rat adenohypophysis: effect of thyroidal state and comparison with extrapituitary tissues. Endocrinology 137:32283233, 1996. 265. Strait KA. Carlson DJ, Schwarttz, HL, Oppenheimer JH. Transient stimulation of myelin basic protein gene expression in oligodendrocytes: A model for T3-induced brain development. Endocrinology 138:635-641, 1997. 266. Schwartz HL, Ross ME, Oppenheimer JH: Lack of effect of thyroid hormone on late fetal rat brain development. Endocrinology 1997. 267. Anderson GW, Hagen SG, Larson RJ, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, Oppenheimer JH: Purkinje Cell Protein-2 Cis-elements mediate repression of hormonal transcriptional activation. Mol Cell Endo 131:79-87, 1997 268. Oppenheimer JH, Schwartz HL: Molecular basis of thyroid hormone dependent brain development. Endocrine Review 138:3119-3124, 1997 269. Sandhofer C, Schwartz, HL, Mariash CN, Forrest D, and Oppenheimer JH: Beta receptor isoforms are not essential for thyroid hormone-dependent acceleration of Pcp-2 and myelin basic protein gene expression in the developing brains of neonatal mice. Mol Cell Endo 137: 109-115, 1998. 270. Oppenheimer JH: Efforts to understand the molecular basis of thyroid hormone-regulated brain development. Thyroid International 4: 15-21, 1997. 271 Anderson GW, Larson RJ, Oas DR, Sandhofer CR, Schwartz HL, Mariash CN, and Oppenheimer JH: Chicken Ovalbumin Upstream Promoter-Transcription Factor (COUPTF) modulates expression of the Purkinje cell protein-2 cell. Endocrinology 273:1639116399, 1998. 05/99 Major Scientific Contributions (Publication # indicated) 1. Discovery of the effect of phenytoin (diphenylhydantoin) in lowering serum thyroid hormone (12, 14, 15). 2. Development of first practical technique for measuring the free thyroxine concentration in serum (18), together with theoretical and experimental verification of dilution effect (21). 3. Isolation and characterization of thyroxine-binding prealbumin (now known as transthyretin) (22). 4. Elucidation of the relationship between free and total thyroxine in patients with nonthyroidal disease (27). 5. Recognition and measurement of rapidly exchangeable pools of thyroxine and triiodothyronine (32, 34, 47). 6. Recognition and quantitation of the effect of phenobarbital on the turnover of thyroxine (36, 40, 43, 44). 7. Confirmation and quantitation of T4 to T3 conversion in the rat (53). 8. Discovery of specific nuclear T3 receptors (57, 58, 59, 67, 72, 87) their characterization (67, 68, 81) and kinetic interrelationship with extranuclear T3 pools (77). 9. Evidence that thyroid hormone is initiated at the nuclear level (119, 114, 115). 10. Discovery of the effect of propylthiouracil in inhibiting T4 to T3 conversion and the inference that T3 and not T4 is the thyroid hormone (6, 101). 11. Application of turnover technique for determining the absorption and distribution of levothyroxine and its conversion to T3 in human beings (69). Reevaluation of the then prevalent guidelines in the use of l levothyroxine for replacement treatment in hypothyroidism (73). 12. Initial description of the low T3 syndrome in patients with nonthyroidal disease (85). 13. Molecular mechanism underlying thyroid hormone-stimulated lipogenesis (129, 131, 154, 164., 212, 235, 242). 14. Identification of the S14 gene as a primary target for rapid thyroid hormone action and as model for the study of the molecular basis of thyroid hormone-stimulated lipogenesis (154, 194, 212, 229, 235). 15. Identification of molecular mechanisms underlying thyroid hormone-dependent brain development (238, 240, 24, 245, 254). 16. Guidelines for the selection of the optimal dose of levothyroxine in TSH-suppressive treatment of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (248).