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,L T ., (p.rvAL) 5 N,TATHEIVIATICAL P t-t'1Src s (- u { PHYSrcS,li ,- ,:,?:^#^) QUANTUM MECHANICS 1VIATHEIVIATICAL PHYSICS l. 2. -) (8 hours) Numericar anarysis: Interpolation Newton,s & Lagrange,s interpolations and error.rri'rui.r, differentiarior, irrrgration _ Newtoncotes formula' trapezoidal, Simpson, Simpsor:r's & weddle rules, Gauss .qrr-t,ons - Euler, picard & Tayror PXftlrij:,T;Differentior given order series, Runge_ Hours) s, The multiplication table, Rearrang...JJ0 nents & classes, subgroups, direct p;;;;;groups, rorphism, Permutation g-upr, distinct -eroups of Group representation Theory: Unitary representations, s.trr., r(?.ff}:? m, interpretations, Character of a representation, s, Irreducible representation of Abelian & Nonion with euantum numbers _ Symmefy _eroup of group 5. II Greens Function: Definition and generar properties_ Eigenfunction expansion one dimensional Greei's rur.'ti-#-- Th... dimensional Greens function , poisson.fuoiion onOruu. .quadon. J. 4. ,, - Symmetry & de_eeneracy, Basis functions of Groups & its representations, SU (3) Coulomb symmer;:'(2) ( l5 Hours) Non-linear methods & chaos: Logistic Mop, sensitivity ro initial conditions and Darameters, Nonlinear methods cg -rs4r rrleLfioos & cI chaos, Non_rinear differential equation (g Hours) Text Books: l' 15f"G.B. Arfken and H.J. Ltd., ) 2. 3 4- d Quantu. ivr..r,,l1ll,,l, ixrfilff"l1f",. "NumericalMathematicalAnalysis,,,J.B. Scarborough, 6,h edition (Oxford&IBH.) "Deterministic chaos", N.Kumar, (universities press,Hyderabad/ Orient Longmans, I 996.) -)- }IE,CHANICS TI \ I QUANTU}I UNIT tI Approximation methods for time-independent problems 6. \... of a The wKB approximation, connection formulae. Bound states. Penetration He-ttonl' for state ground the potential barrier. the variation method for bound states' cases' time-independent perturbation theorv. Non-degenerate and desenerate ( li Hours) Anharmonic oscillator stark lncl Zeeman eff'ects in hydroeen' Time dependent perturbation theory of an atom with the Transition probability, Harmonic perturbation. Interaction The dipote approximatrott' electromagnetic f ield, Induced emission and iibsorption. ( l0 Hor-rrs) The Born approximation and scattering amplitude' 1. Relativistic Quantum tllechanics: The Dirac equation, Dirac matrices. Solution eqr.ration with potentials, Equation of continu limit, Dirac equation for the hydrogen atom' Dirac equation. Bilinear covariants' Hole the Non-conservation of ParitY. 8. Klein-Cordon equatlon The Klein Gordon equation. Charge and current densities' conjr-rgation for Dirac' weyl with potentials, wave equation for the photon. Charge and Klein Gordon eqtlations 9. Quantization of fields Lagrangian density und The principles of canonical quantization of fields. Schrodinger wave fieid lor bosons Hamiltonian densit!, Second'qr-rantization of the field' Second qr-rantization of and fermionr, Quo,.tiriation ot: the electromagnetic Dirac and Klein Gordon fields' Books: (Wiley Easern Ltd'' t993) "Quantum Mechanics", Thankappan - Ed'2 ..euanrum physics,'-itephen Caiilrowic z -,p,a.2 (Cambridge University Press l. 2. 4. 5. t997) (McGraw Hill' 1968) "Quantum Mechanics", Schiff Leonard' Ed' 3 to elementary pastide Physics ,, Modern Quantum Mechanics,, with opfti.utions John A Eisele - (WileY. 1969) Harris "A pedestrian approac'h to Quantum Field Theory.''E'G' Reference:- l.'.QuantumMechanics,.,AnitGoswlmi.(Win.C.BrownPr-rblishers.NervYork) (lsBN 0-697 - I l8l I -8, 1992) wesly Pub' co' [lSE z. ..ivlodern quantu* Mechanics", Sakurai. J.J..( Addison reprint, 19991 - Iow priced edition') 1967 .'Advanced sor"oi' J'J" (Acldison Wesly- Pub' Co" 3. 4. 5. Quantum Mechanics'l. i.'33r:Xfil..r.,oni.r,., ..introductory Co., 1998.) Quantum . Derhi' 1998 Bisr.vas.S.N.,( Nerv Age rntern.tionar Weslv Ptrb' ( Mechanics". LiUotf. RicfrarA L' Addison r \ r T6 ELECTRO DYNANIICS & OPTICS UNIT 1. I (6 hours) Time varying fields and Nlaxwell's equations: conditions Maxwell's equations, Potential tunctions, Electromagnetic boundarll wave equations and their solutions, Time-harmonic fields' 2. (15 hours) Plane electromagnetic waves velocity' Flow Plane waves in lossless media, Plane wave in lossy media'Group of electromagnetic power and the Poynti conducting boundary, Oblique incidence incidence at a plane dielectric boundary, boundary ^ \ Theory and application of transmission lines (Shours) line(' Transverse electromagnetic wave along a parallel-plate transmission tt*"'"-'"., General transmission line equations, Wave Characteristics on finrte lines, Transmission line impedance matching' 4. lVave guides and cavity resonators (12 Hours' : . Parallel-plate t'\ General wave behaviour along uniform guiding Structures' .- \'' wave guide, Rectangular wave guides, Grcular wave guides, wave guides, CavitY resonators. Dieleciric 5. Antennas and radiating sYstems (4 Hours) a--, put{-. Radiation fields of elemental dipoles. Antenna patterns and antennu sttr' Thin linear antennas, Antenna arrays. Receiving antennas (Qualitative \ -3- --> UNIT 6. Relativistic electrodynamics II (g Hours Cons ervation of char,ge. Relatir,'istically inuar[nr porenrials. Field of a mo Relativistic La_srangian a 7. Radiation ln an electromagnetic liel theor-v: (g HoLrrs) The electromagnetic field of a system of arbitraril.v movin_g charges. General solution of D'Aremberr's ;ffi;::tarded porenriar. Fierd of a point charge moving arbitrar-ity, por.n,iors of the distance from the emitter ar a lar_s, in trrl'aipore approximation. .q;;;iil; .l;;;#;.,,.?.,0 8. Lasers: (12 Hours) The Einstein coefficients, Laser rate equations, Three lever and four_rever Helium-Neon Iaser. Four r, Semiconductor laser, ----r 9. Optics: (15 Hours) Fourier series and spectra. Fourier correlation, Correlation as a measure opy, The intensity interferometer. l0 Fibre optics: c (10 Hours) Propa-eation of light in a dielectric, Propagation in planar dielectric wave _suide. PtoPugTion in optical fibres, calculatiorLf fib.. bandwidth. attenuation in optical fibres, tibre materials and fabrication methods, connectors and couplers. \ - (.{- Books: l. "Field and Wave Electromagnetics , Dayid Cheng (AddisonWesley). 2. 3. 4. 5. "Introductory electrodynamics", David Griffiths, (Prentice Hall of India - 1989) "Lasers : Theory and Applications", K.Thygarajan and A.K. Ghata (Macmillan) "Optics", F.G.Smith & J.H.Thomson (ELBS) "Oftical communications." ,2no edition, M.J.N. Sibley (Macmillan - 1995) Reference Books: l. "Optical Electronics", A.K. Ghatak and K. Thyagarajan. 2. (Foundation Books /Cambridge University - 1996) "Fibre Optics in Telecommunications", N. Sharma (Tata McGraw Hill - 1987) -5- - T-7 h): ADVANCED ELECTRONICS UNIT I l. Data Representation (Mathur Ch.2): Positional number system. Binary number system' Representation of inte-eers. Representation of real numbers. Biniry arithmetic other number systems, Character representation. l. Programming a Microprocessor (Mathur Ch.3): Organization of the g0g5. instruction set. Assembler pro_eramming. Language Programming examples, The Zrlog ZBO. f& writin_e algorithms. 2. Semiconductor Memories (Mathur Ch.4):-Characrerisrics of memories. Static RAN{: Dynamic RAMs, Programmable RoMs. Ivlemory system reliability. 3. Microprocessor Timings (Mathur Ch.5): Timing of intel 8085, Timing of ZgO, Register Organization. 4. Interfacing Memory and 1/0 Devices (Mathur Ch.6) : Address space partitioning. Ivlemory interfacin-e, Data transfer schemes, pro-grammed Data transt'er. Direct Access Data Transfer, Serial data transfer. UNIT II ,-F--3-- 6. General Purpose interfacing Devices (Ram Ch.7): Generation of control signals tor memorv and I/O devices, I/O Ports-Intel 82 t 2. 8 t 55, Programmable peripheral interface-8255, Programmable DMA controller 8257, programmable communication interface-825 l. Programmable intemrpt Controlle r 8259, Programmable interval timer/counter-8253. Special purpose interafacing Devices (Ram Ch.7) :_Arithmetic Processors AN,ID 9511. Intel 8231,8232,8087, 80287. 80387, CRT Controller-8275, Pro-grammable floppy disc controller-lntel8271,8272A, Hard disc Controller 8295, Programmable key Board/display interface 8279, Dynamic RAM controller-8202,8203,820i,8208. I/O Processors-S089, ICs and circuits for interfaces-OPamp inverter, Zero-Crossing detector, Phase shifter, I to V converter, Differential amplifier, Summing amplitier. Precision rectitier, Over Volta-ee Protection. Optical isolaror, LDR and Phorodiocle. -6- fi .tl /> T7 (b) ADVANCED NUCLEAR PHYSICS UNIT I (1) Nuclear Shell Model: Shell structure and magic numbers, The nuclear one particle potential, spin-orbit term, realistic one body potentials, Nuclear volume parameter, single particte spectra of closed shelt t 1 nuclei , the parameters k and p', prediction of nuclear shells atZ= 114 and N = [84, Harmonic oscillator and infinite square well potentials in 3- dimensions, coupling of spin and orbital angular momentum, C.G. coefficients, recursion relations of C.G. coefficients. magnetic dipole moment and electric quadrupole moment, Schmidt diagram: Single particle orbitals in deformed nuclei, perturbation treatment, asymptotic wave functions, single particte orbitals in an axially symmetric modified oscillator potential, triaxial nuclear shapes I Ref: Nilsson & Ragnarsson,Chapters 5,6 7, and 8 ] (2) Nuclear collective models: Nuclear rotational motion- rotational energy spectrum and wave functions for even-even and odd A nuclei - Nuclear moments- collective vibrational excitations (10 Hours) (3) (20 Hours) I Ref: Roy & Nigam, Chapter 8 ] Rotational Bands: The particle rotar model, strong coupling- detormation alignment, Decoupled bands- rotational alignment; two particle excitations and back- bending; Fast nuclear rotation- the cranking model; Rotatiing harmonic oscillator, Shell correction method for I * 0. Shell effects at large deformationRotational bands at super deformation and identical bands at superdeformation. I Ref: Nilsson u.,d Ragnarsson ; Chapters 11 and 12 (10 Hours) (4) l Nuclear Fission: The semi-empirical mass formula , The stability peninsula. nuclear fission and the liquid drop model, some basic fission phenomena, fission barrier .Nuclear Fission- cross-section, spontaneous fission, Mass and energy distribution of fragments, Statistical model of Fission I Ref: Nilsson and l Ragnarsson, Chapters 3 and 4 ;Roy and Nigam ,Chapter 5) (10 Hours) -8 - T7 (b) ADVANCED NUCLEAR PITYSICS UNIT (1) I Nuclear Shell Model: Shetl structure and magic numbers, The nuclear one particle potential, spin-orbit term, realistic one body potentials, Nuclear volume parameter' single particle spectra of closed shell + 1 nuclei , the parameters k and pt" prediction of nuclear shells atZ= 114 and N 184, Harmonic oscillator and infinite square well potentials in 3- dimensions,= coupling of spin and orbital angular momentum, C.G. coefficien ma_gnetic dipole moment and elect Sin,ele particle orbitals in deformed wave functions, single particle ort oscillator potential, tiiaxial nuclear shapes Nilsson & ----r-- IL Ref: ' Ragnarsson,Chapters g 5,6 7, and (2) (3) I (20 Hours) Nuclear collective models: Nuclear rotational motion- rotational energy spectrum and wave functions for even-even and odd A nuclei - Nuclear moments- collective vibrational excitations ( 10 Hours) I Ref: Roy & Nigam, Chapter g ] Rotational Bands: The particle rotar model, strong coupling- deformation alignment, Decoupled bands- rotational alignment; two particle excitations and back- bending; Fast nuclear rotation_ the cranking model; Rotatiing harmonic oscillator, Shell correction method for I * 0, Shell effects at large deformation, Rotational-bands at super deformation and identical bands at superdeformation. I (4) Ref: Nilsson and Ragnarsson ; Chapters ll ( 10 Hours) and 12 l Nuclear Fission: nuclear fission an barrier .Nuclear distribution of fragments, Statistical Ragnarsson, chapters 3 and 4 (10 Hours) -8 - ;Roy and Nigam ,chapter 5) l 1 UNIT II (5) ( 6) Nuclear Reactions: Cross-sections, Coulomb Excitation, Resonances. BreitWigner formula' Compound Nucleus formation, continuum theory. statistical theory, evaporation probability. Heavy ion Physics-special features, Coulomb excitation, Heavy ion scartering I Ref: Roy and Nigam chapter 6 ; wong Chapter 7 ; Marmier and Sheldon I (l5Houis) Optical Nlodel:-Optical model at low energies, Kapur- peierls dispersion formula - dispersion formula for the many body .or., Giant ResonancesLane, Thomas and wigner model I Ref: Roy and Nigam chapter 10 ( 5 Hours) ] (7) Direct Reactions: Kinematics and theory of the stripping and pickup reacrions, Distorted wave method, Direct process I Ref: Roy analigam Chapter l1) ] (5 Hours) (8) Reactor Physics: Fick's law and its validity, Diffusion equarion, diffusion length, Energy loss in elastic collision, Lethargy, Fermi ug. Lqrution- solutions ind measurement of age, Fermi age theory of bare thermal reactors, criticality one . region finite thermal reactor, criticality condition for different geometries Ref: I Lamarshl 1 10 Hours) (9) Experimental Methods: Pulse signals in Nuclear Electronics , The NIM standard - Signal processing - Coincidence rechniques - Timin-s merhods Ref : I Leo, Chapters ll, L2, L4, LS,17 l Text Books : l."Shapes and Shells in Nuclear Structure" , S.G. Nilsson and I. Ragnarsson (Cambridge University press,lggg, ISBN: O 5Zl 37377 g) 2. "Nuclear Physics- Theory and Experiment',, R.R. Roy and B.p. Nigam (Wiley Eastern ISBN 0 85226 788 6) 3."Introductory Nuclear Physics", Samuel S.M. Wong 1 ( Prentice Hall India t996, ISBN _g 1-203_0990 ) 4." Physics of Nuclei and Particles", Marmier and Shetdon Vol. II (Academic Press) 5.I"ntroduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory,', B.R. Lamarsh ( Addission- wesley) 6."Techniques for Nuclear and Particle Physics Experiments", w.R.Leo, (Narosa Publishing House , ISBN 81-7319-053-4 ) -g- T 7 (c) PLASIVIA pHySrCS. UNIT I 1. Electrostatics: Coulomb's law, electric field, Gauss' law, Scalar potential, Poisson's and Laplace's equation. Solutions of Laplace's equation in rectangular, spherical and cylindrical co-ordinates, Simple applications of Laplace's and poisson's equations, uniqueness theorem ultipole expansions of the potential ol arge distribution in an exrernal treld. tions. Electrostatic energy in acroscopic media (20 Hours.l Magnetostatics: Biot 2. Savart law,Ampere,s vector potential, Magnetic multipoles, Vector potential and magnetic induction for a circular currenr loop, Magnetic moment, force and torque on and energy of a localized current distribution in an internal magnetic induction, Macroscopic equations, Boundary conditions on B & H, Methods of solving boundary value problems in magnetostatics, uniformly magnetized spheres. Magnetic shielding, Maxwell's displace..ni .uri.nt, Maxwell's equations (10 Hours I a Introduction to Plasma physics: Existence of plasma. Delnition of J. - Plasma,_Debye shielding 1D and 3D, Criteria for plasma. Applications of Plasma Physics (in brief) 4. (5 Hours) Single Particle Motions: Uniform E & B fields, Non uniform B field. Non uniform E field, Time varying E ileld. Adiabatic invariants and applications. (8 Hours) Plasma as Fluids: Introduction - The set of fluid equations. Maxrvell's equations, Fluid dritts 1to B, Fluid drifts ll to B, The plasma approximations. (7 Hours) ,NIT l. II waves in Plasma: waves- group velocity, phase velocity, plasma oscillations, Electron Plasma Waves, Sound waves. lon waves, validity of Plasma approximation, comparison of ion and electron waves, - l^ lL .. rt t Electrostatic electron oscillations I to B. Electrostatic ion waves -l- to B. The lower hybrid frequency, Electromagnetic waves with Bo. cutotfs and Resonances, Electromagnetic waves ll to Be, Experimental consequences. Hydromagnetic waves, Magnetosonic waves, The cMA dia_grams ( l5 Hours) 2. Diffusion and Resistivity: Diffusion and mobility in weakly ionized gases. Decay' of a plasma by diffusion, Steady state solutions. Recombination. Diff sion across a magnetic field. Collisions in fullv ionized plasma, The single-fluici MHD equarions. Solurion ol diffusion equation. Bohm diftusion and Neoclassical diffusion ( 3. 10 Hours) Equilibrium and Stability: Hydromagnetic equilibrium. the concept of p, Diffusion of magnetic field into a plasma, Classification of instability. Two stream instability, the gravitational instability, Resistive drift waves, rhe Weibel instability (10 Hours) 4- Kinetic Theory: The meaning of f(v), Equation of kinetic theory, Derivation of the fluid equations, Plasma oscillations and Landau dampin_u. the meaning of Landau damping, Physical derivation of Landau dampin_e, Ion Landau damping, Kinetic effects in a Magnetic tield ( 5. l0 Hours ) Introduction to Controlled Fusion: The problem of conrrolled fusion, Ma-snetic confinement: Toruses, Mirrors, Pinches. Laser Fusion. Plasma heatin_e, Fusion Technology. (5 Hours) Text Books: 1. ) 3. 4. "Classical Electrodynamics,',J.D. Jackson (lViley Easrern. l97gt. "Introduction to Plasma Physics & Controlled Fusion', volume I & II . F.F. Chen (Plenr-rm Press). "Introduction to Plasma Theory,',D.R. Nicholson " Principles of Plasma Physics",,N.A. Krall andA.w. Triverpiece ( McGraw- Hil ). ^lt T7 (d) ASTRONOVTY, ASTROPHYSICS AND COSN,{OLOGY I UNTT (l) Survey of Astronomy & Astrophysics: The size of the solar svstem, nearesr star, motion of the sun and stars. Motion of the planets; The oii_ein of Astronomy- megalithic structures, time keeping, Newtonian Graritlr, basic ideas of stellar structure- structure and evolution of ,tu.r; Neutron stars and Black Holes; physical principles of General Relativity-principle of equivalence. Intervals and geodesics I Ref: (l) Basu, ctraptlrs 14 & 15; 1i; Bless, chapters 2 & 3; (3) Carroll & Ostlie, Chapter 16 l (15hours.1 (2) Stellar Astronomy: Description of Radiation field, Stellar opacity. Radiative transfer' structure of spectrar lines, Ref: carroil & ostrie I . chapter 9 ] ( (3) l0 lrours) Radiative processes in Astrophysics:-synchrotron emission trom a sin_gle particle, synchrotron emission i.orn un E i"-ble of electrons. polarization and absorption of synchrotron radiation, Radio source energetics. relativ,istic bulk motion, Thomson scattering, Compton Scattering, multiple Compton scf,tterin_s. thermal bremsstrahlung emission [Ref: Narlikar*C femUhayi. Chapters 3&1 ] ( l0 hours) (4) scopes, Radio Telescopes, Hubble Space hs, Spectrophoromerry [Ref:(1)Basu ( 10 UNIT hours) II (s) Cosmology: Newtonian Cosmology. The cosmic Back-eround Radiation. Relativistic Cosmology, observational Cosmology, Construclin-e the Universe. inflation t Ref: Carrolr and osilie ,chapte rs zi * zg ) ( l0hours) (6) Diffuse matter in Space: Galactic clusters, globular clusters, Stellar associations. stellar population characteristics, star formation, classification and _ealactic distribution of Nebulae. Dark Nebulae, Reflection Nebulae, Diftlse emission Nebulae, Planetary Nebulae, Crab Nebulae, Large scale distribution of interstellar matter, interstellar lines. interstellar cloucls, HI and HII Regions, Interstellar -ti ,hoct Waves, Interstellar clor-rd collisions. Energy Barance in Interstellar Gas.The Intercloud Vledium. Inrerstellar Grains. i Ref: Basu .Chapters u. lr & 13 - ( (7) 15 Hours l ) Galactic and Extragalactic Astronomy: The Nlik.v Wa.r- Galax1,, - Countins ei Stars in the sky. The Morohology of thi Galaxy. Kinemitics ol i1.,. vtittr- ti a1. The Galactic Centre: Na[ure of Gala.ries The Hubbie Sequerrce. Spirais and Irregular Galaxies. Spiral Stnrcture. E,lliptical Galaxres. Galactic Evolurtion Interactions of Gala.xies. The Formation of Galaxies; The Strucnrre o[ rhe Universe. The Exragalactic Distance Scale, The Expansion of the Universe. Clusters of Galaxies I Ref: Carroll and Ostlie . Chapters 22 to 25 I i l5 hours) Text Books: 1' 2. 3. 4. "An Introduction to Astrophysics ," Baidyanath Basu ( Prendce Hall of 1997 ISBN: 8l-203-1121-3 ) "Discovering the Cosmos", R.C. Bless (University Science Books. l996, ISBN:0-935702-67-9, I) "An Introduction to Modern Astrophvsics". Bradley W. Carroll and Dale A. Ostlie (Addison Wesley,1996,ISBN: 0-201 -54730-9) "Quasars and active Galactic Nuclei". J.V. Narlikar and Ajit K. Kembhavi. (Cambridge University press , 1999, ISBN:0- 521-1i477-g) Additional Text Books : 1. "Astronomical rechniques". Kitchin.A.R. (lnstitute 2. 3. 1. 5. tndia. 85274-484-6) of Ph,,"sics, ISBII: {)- "The Physical Universe,,. F.Shu (Universitv of Califbrnia Press.lSBN 855706-X ) 0- i9j t'Radiative Processes in Astrophysics". Rybicki & Lightman (John itr/iie)r ISBN: 0-47 t-04815-L) "The Earlv Universe,', Kolb & Turner (Addison Wisley ISBN: 201-i 1603-0) "Galatic Astronoml.,,, Nlihalas & Binnev (!V H Freeman. ISBN: t\7167_ 1280_6) 6. "Physical process in Interstellar Vledium". L.Spitzer ( John \,Vile,vt 7. "Introduction to Cosmology'", J.!'. Narlikar (Univ. press (l) Ltd.. ISB\: git3I7 t _043_0) i T8 (a): ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTATION LTNIT 1. I Electronic Instrumentation for measuring basic parameters: Electronic DC and AC voltmeters - electronic multimeters differential voltmerers - digital voltmeters - a meter \,,ector impedance meter vector voltmeter. (Cooper and Herfrick. Chapter 6). ) Oscilloscopes: Cathode ray rubes CRT circuits venrcal deflection iystem - delay rine I multiple trace horizontal detlecrron system oscilioscope probes and transducers oscilloscope technique storage oscilloscopes sampling osciiloscopes. (Cooper and Helfrick, Chapter 7). .) J. Signal generation and analysis: Freqtrency synthesized signal generator - - frequency divider generator sweep frequency generator pulse and square wave generator function generator wave - analyzers harmonic distortion analyzers spectrum (Cooper and Helfrick, Chap ter 7 anO t;. \ - anal.v-sis 4. Frequency and interval measurements: Frequency counter measurement of errors - extending frequency range of the counter automatic and computing counters (Cooper and Helfrick. Chapter l0). 5. Transducers: Classification of ffansducers - strain gauges - displacement transducers - temperature measurements photosensitive devices (Cooper and Helfrick, Chapter 7). Radiation detectors - solid state and scintillatron detectors - neurron counters. (Singru, Chapter 4). - \ UNIT II Data acquisition systems: [nstrumentation systems - magnetic tape recorders - self balancing potentiometer - digital to analog conversion - analog to digital conversion - multiplexing - spatial encoders - single channel and multichannel data acquisition systems. _ a. \ t,t- _ (9or.pll and Herfrick, chap ter Tland Rangan, Sarma and Mani,Chapter T4). 7. computer controiled test systems: Testing an audio amplifier testing a radio receiver instruments used in computer controlled instrumentation - IEEE 488 electrical interface - digital control signal timing in a microprocessor based measurement. (cooper and Helfrick, Chapter l3). 8. Nuclear experimental techniques: coincidence measurements - time coincidences - slow fasf coincidence sum coincidence _ anti-compton gamm a ray spectrome w - lifetime measurements time to amplitude conversion angular correlation of nuclear radiadon - internal conversion coefficients. (singru, chapter g). \. 9. Servomechanisms: First and second order servomechanisms derivative. integral and error rate controls examples: temperature regulator with controls - sinusoidal response of a iecond order system - A.C motor servo_systems. (Ryder, Chapter 16). 10. Power control: scR - control of current in rectifiers with an inductive load - triggering conffol by phase shifting sarurable reactor control - combined d.c. and phase conffol on off pulse control of the SCR - SCR supply for d.c. motor - speed regulation by armature voltage and current control current limiting -armature control of low torque a.c. motors. (Ryder, chapter 14 and 15.) Reference: l--=. "Electronic instrumentation and Measurement Techniquesr', r, W.D. and Helfrick A.D., (Prentice Hall India, 1988). to Experimental Nuclear Physics,,, Singru,R.M., .4$Introduction '?t^/il.rr qi 2). o\' Fqcrprm Il9i ?\ Eastem, so'.(Witey ./ "Engineering lllectronics,, , 2nd EditionrRyder, J.D., (McGraw Hill, 1967). 4. "Instrumentation Devices and Systems",Rangan, C.S., G.R. and Mani V.S.V. (Tata-MC Graw Hill, 1983). -lr; - T8 (b) CONTMUNTCATION ELECTRONTCS UNIT I l. converslon and mlxers - IF amplif-ters and Coolen, Chapter 7, g). ) 1 J. - lass A power amplitiers. Class B push . Broad band amplitier - Turned RF Cascade amplifier - Frequency Class C and linear amplifiers (Rodd-v- oscillators: RC phase-shift oscillator - Tuned LC oscillator. Tuned circuit oscillators - Crystal oscillators Stabilitv of oscillators - Nesative resrsrance oscillators. (Roddy and Coolen, Chapter 9). Amplitude and angre moduration: Amplitude moduration - Amprinrde modulation and demodulation circuits single side band generario; il;,ection -'/ signal to noise ratios _ Frequency. dulation circuits - Detection of FM tio detector - Noise in FVI (Roddy -_^r and Coolen, Chapter l0.ll). _ 4. 5. cation: Elements of intbr,.nation rheon odulation - pulse time modulation _ - Error detector and correctic.,n cocies _ telegraph circuits _ (Roddl,and Coolen. tiTl:li11ion fl] r'dTlndeg systems: Receivers - Superhererodyne receiver - Avt recei,,.r ;;;;i;;; ;;i ;#t recelvers _ t M receivers _ Sin_glt,, s,ide band receivers. (Kennedy and Davis, chapter pter 6). .,n Lulluallons i c ati o-ris rrlvlJ t HF radio sysrems _ VHF/UHF sys ]:1,."':r:"r",:T:T]trer$systems - Satellite co munications _ (Roddy and C"r,.i. f;'fr ..\ \i \ - ls - UNIT IT 6. Television: Television systems and standards Black and white transmissionScanning - Blanking and synchronizing oulses. B/W receprion. synchronizing circuits - colour transmission and reception. (Kennedy and Davis. ChapteilTy. ' Radiation and antennas: Potential functions and the EM field Radiatron tiom an oscillating dipote - Power radiated by a current element Radiation resrstance of a short dipole - Radiation irom a quarter wave monopoie - Directiviqv- Garn and etfective aperture - Antenna arrays Two element, linear and binomral Frequency independent antennae Log penodic antennae Yagr antennae. (Jordan and Balmain. Chapters 10, ll and 15.) 7 8. Propagation of radio lvaves: Ground waves Sky ,ffave propagation _ Space waves - Tropospheric scatter propagation Extra terrestrial communlcarlon. (Kennedy and Davis, Chapter 8). Ionosphere Retlection and refraction of waves by the ionosphere - Attenuation. (Jordan and Balmain, Chaprer l7). 9. Radar Systems: Basic principles - Radar performance factors Radar range equation - pulsed systems - Moving target indication CW Doopler raCar. (Kennedy and Davis, Chapter l6). 10. Optical Communication: Why fiber optics? - Optical fiber and cables Fiberlosses - Fiber optic components and systems Source and detector Oprrcai communication systems. (Kennedy and Davis, chapter lg). References: l. ) "Electronic Communications",Roddv and coolen. J.. (pHI. l9g6). "Electronic Communication Svstems',.4tr' Edition. Kennedy', G. and Davis. B. (NIcGraw 3. Hili. 1992). . "Electromagnetic waves and Radiating systems". Balmain, K.G. (pHI, L9i9). Jordan E.c. and T-8 (c) MATERTALS SCTENCE UNIIT T l. ) e packed Strucfures: FCC and BCC _ Elemental and Compounti O Method in a Diatomic Vlolecule _ der Waais London Interaction: Inert Gas ous Mlaterials. Glasses and polvmers _ ( l2 Hours) 2. Point Defects: Thermodynamic Theory Frenkel Defects - Equillitrium Number - Interstitial Diffusion - Self_diffusion _ Ionic Conduction. and ture ts_ (10 Hours) .! islocations - Burger,s Vector _ Sress y of Dislocarions _ Vtotion ot' cations - Estimation of Dislocation Densities - Dislocat-i-o1 and Crystal Growth - Dislocation fulultiplication - FrankRead Mechanism work Hardening of Metals. ( i 2 Hours) 4. Alloys: Phase Diagrams of Two component Metallic Systems - Interstitial and substitutional solid solutions Mutuai Solubility as Function of remperature Hume-Rotherey.Eiectron Compounds Superlattices Long Range anci Shorr Range order - Elementary theory of order-disorder transformation ,NIT II 5. 6. Semiconductor Nlaterials I: (10 Hours) Band Structure Calculations: The pseLrdopotential ect and Indirect Gap Semiconductors _ ransport Equation - Electrical esonance - De Haas Van Alphen Effect (15 Hours) Semiconductor Materials tI: Optical Constants of Semiconducrors - Free Carrier absorption - Plasma Resonance Fundamental Absorption: Cases oi Direct and Indirect Transitions Exciton Absorption - photoconductivity - Etfect of Traps and surface recombination tr-rnneling and Esaki diodes - Laser action in semiconductors - Spin Flip scattering. ( l0 Hours) 7 ' Nlagnetic .vlaterials: weiss Molecular Field Cr-rne-weiss La,u,,. - Reiatron of weiss Molecular Field the Exchange Field Safurarion Masnetrzation Hysteresis - Domain walr Motion Anirot.opy Energv - i"rr,.r*ess of the Domain wall - Strperexchan-ee Interaction and-Antif#omagnetrsm - The Two Sublattice Model and the curte-weiss la,,v Structure of Ferrites - Neel,s Theorr,,. ( 8' Superconducting Nlaterials: Meissner Effect Cntical Magnetic Fields stabilization Energy - Specific Heat The Energy Gap parai.,., _ London Equation - Simple Model of Cooper Pairs B C S Ground State - Flux Quantization - Josephson Effects - Superconducting Materials : NbsGe and the Al5 crystals - The Transition Metal Ciralcogenides-- The High T. Cuprares. (12 Hours) References: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. l0 Hours) "Solid State Physics", A.J. Dekker (MacMilran. l 95g) "solid State Theory", !v.A. Harrison (Tata McGraw-Hill. 1970) "The Structure and properties of Nlaterials,,. 4 vols.. Ed. J.H. Brophy. R.i\I. Rose and J. Wulff (Wile.v Eastem. l96g). "Introduction to Solid State ph]rsics,,, C. Kittel(Wiley Eastern. 197t.1. "Principles of the Theory of soiids,,, J.II. ziiin (cambndge Unrv. press. re72). 6. 7. 8. "Semiconductors", R.A. Smith (Academic publishes. Carcutta. i9g9t" "Intermediate Quantum Theory of crystafline Sorids,,. A.o.E. Animaru. (Prentice-Hall of india. l97g). "Superconductivitv Today", T.v. Ramakrishnan and c.N.R. Rao (wilev 1 ---l Eastern. 9. 1992). "Recent Advances in Superconductivitv.,,. s.L. Kakani and C. Hemrajani (To-day and tomorrow printers & publishers New Delhi, 1990). _ i9 _ \ T 8(d) COMPUTER SOFT}VARE AND APPLICATIONS l. 23. 4- UNIT I Introduction: What is system software-Components of system sottware (an analogy) -Evolution of system software - The model of a Computer system. Assemblers: Elements of assembly language programmir'rg Overview oi the assembly process - Design of a Two-Pass assembler A single pass assembler tbr the IBM-PC - IVlacros and macro processors. Compilers : Aspects of compilation - Overview of the compilation process Programming language Grammars - Scanning-Parsing-storage illocation. Compilation of expression - Compilation of control structures - code optimization Compiler writing tools. Software Processors lbr Interactive Environments : Interactive computing and progmm development - Interpreters lncremental compilers. UNIIT 5. 6. - II Loaders and Linkage Editors: Loading linking and reallocation-Pro_ura relocatabilily - Overview of linkage editing-A linkage editor for the tBM PC linkin for program overlays. Software Tools :Specffum of software tools-Text editors-Interpreters and program generators-Debug monitors-Program envlronments. operating systems : overview of operating system tunctions. Batch - Time shann_e processing systems-Multiprogrammin_e operating systems systems. 8 Processor management : Jobs, Programs and processes-Job schedulingProcess scheduling - Process synchronization-Process communicationoperating system Deadlocks-Processor management in multiprocessors TEXT BOOK: "System programming and operating svstem,', Dhamdhere (Tata McGraw-Hill, i993). - "?-o- D iv-I J. T.9 (A) ADVANCED QUANTUNI }TECHANICS UNIT I I t. Classical Field Theory: ,1- lr classical Mechanic, oi Mu* Poinrs, euantum Mechanicr] or.iiluror. the linear chain' classical treatment. the linear chain. "t"Hlnll euantum reetment. classical field theory, Hamiltonian tbrmarism. Functionai Conservation Iaws and Noether,s theorem. 2. de.v.arives. Canonical Quantization of Non-rerativistic fierds: (g Hours) Lagrangian, Hamiltonian for Schrodinger fields, euantization rules for Bose particles, Quantization rules for Fermi palrticles, Normalization of Fock states. canonical Quantization of the Klein - Gordon Fierd: (10 Hours.) The neutral Klein-Gordon Field, commutation rules for creation and annihiiadon operators' the charged Klein-Gordon field. The invariant commutatron reiations. The scalar Feynman propagator. 4. Canonical Quantization of spin % fields.: ( l0 Hours ! Lagrangian density, Hamiltonian densit.v tbr the Dirac field. Canonical Quantization of Dirac field, plane wave expansion for the field operator, The Feynman propagator for Dirac tlelds. 5. Canonical Quantization of photon Field : ( 10 Hours) The Maxwell's equations, The Lagrangion density for the Maxwell t'ield. The electromagnetic fierd in rhe Lorentz gauge, canonicar quantization in Lorentz gauge. The Feynman propagator for photois, Canonical quantization in Cor-rlomb gauge. 'i'\ \ .-J \ L\ UNIT II 6. Interacting Quantum fields : (10 Hours) The interaction picrure. The time evolution operator, the Scattering matnx. Wick's theorem. proof of Wick's theorem. 7. Quantum Electrodynamics & Field rheory : (g Hours) The Feynman rules for Quantum Electro dynamics. Moller Scattering, Compton Scattering and field theory. 8. The path Integral method : (12 hours) Path integrals in non-relativistic quantum mechanics. the Feynman path inte_eral. The multidimensional path integral. The time ordered product and n-point functions. The vacuum persistence amplitude W (J). 9. Path Integrals in Field Theory : ( 8 Hours) The path integral for scalar quantum fields. The Euclidean field theory. The Feynman propagaror. 10. Generating Functional: Perturbation series for Quantum Field Theorl' l2 Hours) The Generating functional and Green's functions, Generating functional for interacting fields. A differential equation for W (J), Green's functions in ( momentum space. The perturbation series for the a Q theory. Text Book: "Field Quantization", Greiner and Reinhardt. (Springer Verlag. Reference: " Quantum Field Theory", Kerson Huang , (Wiley 199 _Jt ) 1996) T9 (b) EXPERII)TENTAL TECHNTeUES UNIT I l. vacuum Techniques: oil-seared Rotar,, pump. Molecurar pump, ffusion pump, Oil Vapour Booster pump. ipu,r.. ton pump. iquid Nitrogen Traps. Somtion Traps. Bafhe and [solation ustable valves and Gaskets. pirani Gauge. penning Gauge. Hot (13 Hoursr 2. J. Accelerators: High voltage DC Accelerators, Cascade Generator. Electrostatic Generator. Linear Accelerators, cycloiron' Synchro cyclotron, Ion sor-,.ces. Ion implantation. lon beam sputtering, Micro analysis with ionbeams. Thin films: Thermal evaporation in vacuum, Sputter deposition. Glow discharge. measurement by quartz crystal monitor, Interfeienc. rn"ihod, electrical measurement. Thermo power. Multi layer ,n,tlr!r"r"" .o"0r,.i,",,, optical filters 4. i8 Hours; Cryogenics: Production-of low temperature of air, hydrogen and helium. -liquefaction manipulation of liquefied gases and ihe maintenance of low temperature - prociuction oi low temperature below I deg K temperature of the order of l-6 deg r othei possible methods, Measurement of low temperatur.i gu. thermometers and corrections sectndary- thermometers, resistance thermometeis. thermocouples. uupou, pressure Ihermomerers. magnetic thermometer. (8 Hours) ) UNIT II Nlicrorvave Spectroscopy: Rotational Spectrum of rigid diatomic molecuie. Example of co. Selection rule' Intensities' The Spectrum of a non rigidiotaror. Example of HF, Spectrum of a symmetric top molecule, Example of cH3Cl, tnstruirentation for Microwave Spectroscopy. (10 Hours) 6. Infrared Spectroscopy: Energy of an anharmonic Oscillator (Morse Curve)_ Specral Transitions and Selection Rules, Exampre of HCl. ao--opp.;;;. _ an. vibration-Rotation Spectra, Example oiCo, Effect greak "p;-i;;il". of down of Born oppenheimer Ap-proximation, Symmetry considerations in the Enumeration of vibratronal Modes, Examples of H:O and COz. Insrrumentation for lnfrared Spectroscopy (I i3 , Horrrs) U\ .\ 7. Raman Spectroscopv: Polanzability Ellipsoid, Effect of molecular vibratron on rhe polarizabilit,"- and the Raman Eifect. Pure rotational Raman specra. Examples of O: anci CO:. Rotational Raman spectrum of symmetric top molecules. Example of CHCI:. Raman acrpv'e vibrational modes of HzO andCO: in relation to the Polarizability Ellipsoid. Vibrational Rarnan Spectrum of a Svmmetric top molecule. Example of CHCI3. Combine<i use of Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy in structure determination. Examples of CO: and NO_r, [nstrunrentation for Raman Spectroscopy. (ll Hoursi 8. Spin Resonance Spectroscopy: Interaction between nuclear spin and magnetic field. Levei population, Larmour Precession. Relaxation times. Fourier Transform Spectroscopy- rn NNIR. Spin-Spin relaxation, The Chemical shitt, Example of CH3OH. lnstrumentation for NMR spectroscopy, Electron Spin Spectroscopy of the r-rnpaired electron, Fine structure. ElectronNucleus coupling and hynerfine structLrre- Double Resonance in ESR. 9. * 1i 5 Hours I Mossbauer Spectroscopy: Resonance Fluorescence of Y-rays, Recoilless emission of Y-rays and Mossbauer Effect, Lamb Mossbauer factor, Quantum Mechanical Theory oIN{ossbauer effect, Chemical isomer shift, Effect of magnetic field, Example of Fe5'. Crystal i-reid effects. electric quadrupole interaction. I 1l Hours Books: l. 2. J. 4. ). 6. " Vacuum System Design". N.T.M. Dennis and T.A. Heppell. (Chapman & Hall. 1968) "Fundamentals of Vacuum Science and Technology". G. Lewin: (McGraw-Hill. 1965) "lon Beams with Applications to Ion Implantation", R.S. Wilson & G.R. Brewer 1Wile1.'. 1973) "Thin Film Physics", O.S. Heavens: (Methuen, 1970) "Low temperature Physics" - L.C.Jackson - John Wiley & Sons Inc. 1962 "Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy". C.N. Banwell and E.M. McCash [(Tata VIcGrou Hi[) (ree4)] 7. 8. "Spectroscopy Vol I & II", Straughan and Walker (Eds). (Chapman & Hall) "An Introduction to Mossbauer Effect," Leopold May. [(Plenum Press - New York ( 1971 )] Reference books for Vacuum techniques l. 2. J. 4. 6. & Cryogenics : "Vacuum Physics and Techniques" by T.A.Delchar (Chapman & Hall - i993) "Vacuum Technology " by A. Roth (North Holland Pub. Co - 1982) An elementary introduction to Vacuum Technology by Gerhard Lewin (Amertcan Vacuum Society; Pumps used in Vacuum Technology by H.G.Tompkins (Anrerican Vacuum Society) (' L' '' Fundamentals of vacuum Technology by H.G.Tompkins ( ) Low temperature Physics - F.Din & A.H.Cocket. George Newnes Limited ( London) - 1960 -+- I - 5Gs' 'tcaJJE puu opuo) eql puu suol}selE pezrlBrol 3eu uae/\uoq uortselotul e8uBqJxa _ IepoN Jeuots _ lepoN uoJlsolE iueraurll - suouBBN - oJrquloduoJ erJnJ Jtloufie1l]oxoC _ uotlBr.urxolddy IJoC-eaJuuH eLIl ul uollssrslul oEuBLIJxA - ustleu8uuurg urne8uel ruets{S uorsaiS - {uz11 Jo suorlf,cratuJ or1eu3e4i :rusrlau3e6130,&oaq1,'dor.orr,fi 's Ii IINN 'sprlos r?lod J\r jo ftlnrrcnpuoJ pue EurddoH uorulod _ suortcuru N_d snoqdroury - srol snpuor r.ue s sn oqd.roru y 3 0,t1m rlcn puo 301 .r{d pue rq}nltcnpro J le^\od rureleouueqJ Eurcidog a8uuS elqeHe1 _ podsuel Eurddog _.apl ,urlqcl,\'- uouuzrlesol uosrapuv :suels,(5 paraprosrc 30 sarpadoJd cruo4celE 'n .BInuuoJ oqn) aql pue suollslaxoJ luexnr-luaxnJ - ;amodouraql Serq uouor.{d -,tr1"pcnp;"1 rBuuJrlJ - s3ssa30r6 ddullurn - sor.uu uorlsxsleu Jo uouslnJleJ .uorl3?Jelul uouoqd-uorlcelE - srolcnpuocrues ur ,Qrlrqoyx srutehtr ,trrtcnpuoj Jo J C - uorlenbE uoclsuelJ uueu4lod _ suolloxg roruuu.iy1 pu€ leluer{ - suoqcunc raruuel\\ - er?is ,firrndru1 - poqla g 8urpurg lqSrt - spoqlelN .e^e6 Jueld _ erBJlnS le uuetociopnesd pue A\ dO ltuloJ pue pueg ,ffiraug eolllel ,{tdtu3.. aqJ- - sel?jsJo SuqunoJ aqr pup uop}puo3 xropuno8 Jrporred - sauoz urnolluB _ sa^e6 lcolg :sptlos aur11e1sf,rJJo sor1redor4 Jruo4colE c 'sepotu eJueuosop pue sopohl deg.sapo4 pazrlEJol :saJr}l?l poreprosrc ur suouor{d - uorlJs4Jr(I uo4neN ,(q sarcuenberg uouoqd Jo uolleutuuelecJ - - leaH cgrcecis acrlte-I - suouor.{d _ arrll,l Jr.uotuuol^I ruaurl eJo suortelql1Jo uorl?zrluen| _ sepol4J l?rttsnocv pue lzcrldg orruel snuolelQ E-Io suorlelqln _,firco1a1 punos prn rroitn,rql4 qfurlrrrnrf 3uo1 - s,^?M 30 uorsredslc 3cr11B-J sr.uolsuohiJo suoll,Jqr^ :suouor.ld 'sprnbrl erlllf,nlls JItuolv tuo{ ,e Fuueuecs uortrloN_ _ rolJeC - uollcullc uollBlexoJ Jrsd - lBrluolod Jlud :selnlf,nJlS Crpouad -uoN-.Tru'1 s,368rB pue 3ur-ra11ec5 ,(uu-x rorsec Luoc cnuolv _ rors?c ellllJlillS [?J[4etuoeD - a]lllE'l lccorcirceS :saJnJJnJlS JJporJad :saJnlJnJlS I IINII SfISAHd USIIVIN (gSNg(INOf, (C) O-r .I 6. Phase Transitions and Critical Phenomena: Phase Transitions of the Second Kind - lsing Model - Bragg-williams Approximatin - Fowler - Gug_eenherm Approximation and one Dimensional Isrng N1odei order-Disorder Transformation in Alloys - Ferroelecrric Transition in BaTiOr - Cntrcal Exponents - Scaling - iVlean Field Theory R.G. Theory for the one-dimensional Ising Model. 7. Electron Correlations: Outline of Landau Theory Free Energy -Specific Heat Sound Velocity- Pauli Paramagnetism -Quasiparticle Current Dielectnc Screening - Plasmons - Electron Correlations in Narrow Energy Bands and the Hubbard Model. 8. Superconductiviry: Frolich Hamiltonian - Electron Self-Energy ElectronPhonon-Elecrron Interaction - The B C S Hamiltonian Ground State of Superconductor - Excited States - Giaever Tunneling Order Parameter Josephson Effects -Ginsburg-LandauEquations LengthCoherence Penerration Depth - Flux Quantization - Two Fluid Model of HeII Phonons and Rotons Superfluidity of 3He. REFERENCES: 1. 2. a J. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. "Intermediate Quantum Theory of Crystalline Solids", A.O.E. Animalu rPrenticeHall of tndia. 1978). "Solid State Theory", W.A. Harrison. (Tata McGraw-Hill. 1970) "Principles of the Theory of Solids", J.M. Ziman( C.U. p., lgT|l "Solid State Physics". N.W. Ashcroft and N.D. Mermin ( Holt. Rhinehan anci Winsron, 1976) "lntroduction to Solid State Physics". c. Kittel (wiley Eastern. 1977) [nftoduction to Solid State Theory", o. kladelung (Springer-Veriag. 1 978). "Physics of Modern Materials Vol. tI" (IAEA. Vienna. 1980) Statistical Mechanics". B.K. Agarwal and M. Eisner (wiley Eastern, I e88) "Renormalization Group Theory of Critical Phenomena (IPA Monographs) S.V.G. Menon, (Wiley Eastern & New Age lnternational Publishers. I 995). "Principles of Condensed Matter Physics", P.M.Chaikin & T.C. Lubensky, (Foundation Books, New Delhi / Cambridge University Press, 1998) -)l yii -_ T9 l. (d) SPECTROSCOPI. Practical S.pectroscop.v: Representationofspectra. Experimentai setup for Absorption and Emission measurements. Signal_to_noise ratio, Resolving power, width of Spectral :Lines. Intensitv oI specrral Lines. Elements of Fouriei Transform i;;;;."*;;;^ 16 hrs) 2 Electronic Spectroscopv of atoms and molecules : Many elecfron atoms - Hund's principle: Addition of angular momenta and Term Symbols, Examples of He and alkalin..u.tf, elements. photoelecrron spectroscopy using ultra violet and X-rays, Normal and anomaious zeeman effecrs, Exampres of sodium doutr.t, vit.atiorar-Erecronrc Spectra and Franck-condon principle, Dissociation Energy. of iodine molecule. rotational finL sructure and rhe pExample R. and e branches, Fortrat Diagram ( J i8 hrs) Nlicrowave Spectroscopy : Rotational Spectrum of rigid diatomic molecule, Exampre of Co, Selection rule, [ntensities, The spectrum of a non rigid rotaror, Example of HF, Specffum of a symmetric top molecule, Example of CHrCt Initrumentation , tbr Microwave Spectroscopy (8 hrs) 5. lnfrared Spectroscopy : Energy of an Anharmonic oscillator (Morse curve), Spectral Transitions and Selection Rules. Example of Born-oppenheimer Approximation. The vibration-Rotation YCI' Spectra, Example of CO. Eflect of Break down of Born_ oppenheimer Approximation. Symmery considerations in the Enumeration of vibrationar Modes, Exampres of H2o and co2, Instrumentation tbr Infrared Spectroscopy (9hrs) 5. Raman Spectroscopy : polaizability Ellipsoid, Effect of molecular vibration on the Polarizabiliry and the Raman Effect, pure rotational Raman Spectra, Examples of oz and co:,, Rotational Raman '> spectnrm of Symmetric top molecules. Example of cHCl_r. Raman active vibrational modes of Hzo and co, ln relation to the Polarizabitity Ellipsoid, vibrational Raman Spectrum of a Symmetric rop molecule, Example of cHCr3, Combined use of Raman and Infrared Spectroscopy in structure determination. Examples of coz and No3. lnstrumentation for Raman Spectroscopy (i2 hrs) 6. Spin Resonance Spectroscopy : Interaction between nuclear spin and magnetic field, Level population. Larmour precession. Relaxation times, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy in NMR, SpinSpin relaxation, The Chemical shift, Example olCH3OH , Instrumentation for NMR spectroscopy, Electron Spin Spectroscopy of the unpaired electron, File structure. Electron-Nucleui coupling and hyperfine sffucture, Double Resonance in ESR (15 hrs) 7. Mossbauer Spectroscopy : Resonance Fluorescence of y - ra-vs, Recoilless emission of y - rays and Mossbauer Effect_ Chemical shift, Effect of magnetic field, Example of Fe57, crystal field effects (8hrs) 8. Surface Spectroscopy of Solids : Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS), Example of Ethyne adsorbed on copper ( I t i ) surface, X - ray photo electron Spectroscopy (XpES), Example of niobium deposited on silicon surface, Ar-rger Elecffon Spectroscopy (AES), Example of Silicon, Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Example of palladium foil (10 hrs) Books: 1. "FundamentalsofMolecular Spectroscopy',,c.N.Banwelland E.M. McCash ( Tata McGrow Hill ,1994) 2. "Spectroscopy Vol. I and (Chapman and Hall) [I,,, (Eds) Straughan and Walker - "2X - expenments from part A itself instead.) PART A countins S 2 d ambient temperatures f sound in liquids fh i and Ge using diodes t4. 15. t6. nt 17. Optical fibre characteristics 18. Frank-Hertz experiment 19. Fabry perot etalon Pand gap exergy of Ge by four probe method ?? 21. Srudy of LEDs 22. Porosity of refractory materials Qq --/ PART B ADVANCED ELECTRONICS Simple temperature control circuit Phase splitter circuit Binary rate multiplier Optical feedback amplifier Frequency modulation and pulse modulation Decimal to BCD encoder using diode matrix Binary multiplier II. 1. 2. 1 J. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Curie_Weiss law - Curie temperature Solid - liquid phase transitions - measurement of resistivit3,* ot metals Growth of a single crystal from solution and determination of stmcrurai. electrical and optical properties ' Srudy of colour cenffes - Thermoluminiscence glow curves Ionic conductivity in KClArlaCl crystals Thermoluminiscence specffa of alkali halides Thermo emf of bulk samples (Al/Cu) Elecffon spin resonance Strain guage - Y of a metal beam Variation of dielectric constant with temperature of a ferro elecric material ( Barium titanate) Ferrite specimen - variation of magnetic properties with composition -30 - -{ I ,^ : 4. : 6 7. 8. 9. 10. I l. I? 13. Amplitude modulation and demodulation Frequency modulation and demodulation Pulse amplinrde modulation and demodulation Pulse code modr-rlation and demodulation Pulse position modulation unO demodulation Study of crystal derecror L-C transmission Iine charactenstic Tuned RF amplifier Seelydiscriminarors AM transmitter Radiation from dipole antenna Optical fibre characteristics Optical feed back .i.crir IV l. ", 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I l. 12. Half life of Indium _ thermal neutron absorption Alpha specfromerer Photoelectnc effect in lead Inner bremssffahlung series and pararrel _resolving time S;,X*::::l:.-r]ls-_ Single channel analyser Ionization chamber Proportional counter Track detector track diameter distribr_rtion Beta ray spectrometer parricles in air and mylar *?::::rarph.a ,lameter of arpha l articre tracks in cR-3g track detector .ll V l. 2. .| J. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. t l. 12. Spectroscopic analysis by carbon arc Rydberg constanr - hydrogen spectrum ESR-Landegfactor IR spectrum of few samples Vacuum pump - pumping speed Vacuum pump - Effect of connecting pipes Arc spectrum Absorption bands of Iodine Vibrational bands of AIO Pirani guage - characteristics Thin films - electrical properties Thin films - optical properties VI 1. CRO characteristics measurements etc. Strain guage Simple servomechanism - X, y gains, 2. 3. - temperature control 4. Coincidence circuits 5. Multiplexer 6. IEEE 488 Electrical interface 7. Single channel analyser 8. Differential voltmeter 9. Frequency synthesizer - Signal generator 10. Silicon controlled rectifier - characteristics I l. Silicon controlled rectifier - power control VII SPECTROSCOPY l. Zeeman effect 2. [R spectrum - identification & interpretation 3. Raman specffum 4. Microwave experiments 5. NMR spectrum 6. Rydberg constant 7. Electron spin resonance 8. Vibratonal spectrum of AIO 9. Absorption spectrum of Iodine -)e- bandwidth. external triggering .F;--- / -^1 'PRACTICAL I. P4 {DVANCED ELECTRONTCS (Sixteen experiments to be carried oLrt) 1 2' 3' Voltage regr-rlation usin_s OpAMpS Precision rectit-lers nitrwave and full wave tbr signals of millivolt ranqe usrns OPAMPS Astable and monostable mr-rltivibrators and Schmidt trigger using OpAntps S ivide by N counter r-rsing dieitai iC ates using IC 7400 & IC 7402 nd JK master slave usin_e IC 7400 and IC 13. Multivibrarors using NAND gates - Astable and monostable l4' organization of N'I x N Random access memory with basic memory r.Lnits l5 Shift register using IC 7495 16. Multiple.xer usin_u iC 7415 I . Decoder IC 7,+ i 55 l8 Programming of micro compurer g0g5 19' Basic single byte anthmetic ( addition, subtraction. mLrltiplication qrru and 1,J 20. 2l' 22. 23. 24- ur Y ror\ division) using 8085 Kit Generation of souare rvaves ursing g0g5 Kit Program to arrange a series of nLrmbers in ascending and descending order Multi byte addition and subtraction Measurement of frequency using microprocessor Measurement of and cLrrient using microprocessor 'oltage ,,) tng '\_ (At least 8 programs ro be done) 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I 1. t2. r3. 14. 15. 16. t7. iven set of numbers nd descending order viation Ranking of students in examination Difference tables Interpolation and least square fitting Evaluation of polynomials - Besseland Legendre functions First derivative of a tabulated ftlnction Numerical integration and differentiation Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations Half interval method Newton Raphson method, minimum of a function Matrix addition, multiplication, trace, ffanspose and inverse, eigenvalue problem Taylor series evaluation Solution of first order differential equation _ Runge Kutta method Monte Carlo method Ordinary boundary value problem Operations with a data file Reference books : "A course in computer programming with numerical techniques - FORTRAN IV" , S.N.Motewar ( Dhanpat Rai & Sons ) "Computer Programming in Forffan 77 ", V.Rajaraman (Prentice Hall of India) l. 2. E