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The Evryscope: the first full-sky gigapixel-scale telescope Nicholas Law Octavi Fors, Jeff Ratzloff, Daniel del Ser Philip Wulfken, Dustin Kavanaugh University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill AST-1407589 Friday, August 21, 15 Optical transient timescales Mansi Kasliwal iPTF14yb PTF11agg 46 10 iPTF13dsw −25 Relativistic Explosions 45 Luminous Supernovae 10 SCP06F6 PTF09cnd SN2005ap SN2008es SN2006gy PTF09atu PTF10cwr PTF09cwl 44 10 SN2007bi −20 Thermonuclear Supernovae SN2002bj PTF10bhp .Ia −15 PTF12bho SN2007ke Explosions PTF11bij PTF09dav SN2012hn PTF10xfhPTF11kmb PTF10iuv SN2005E 43 10 Core−Collapse 42 Supernovae 10 Ca−rich Transients SN2008ha 41 SN2008S Intermediate10 PTF10acbp Luminosity NGC300OT Red Transients PTF10fqs P60−M82OT−081119 −10 Classical Novae 40 10 Luminous M85 OT V838 Mon Red Novae M31 RV 39 10 P60−M81OT−071213 38 10 V1309 Sco −5 −1 10 0 10 1 10 Characteristic Timescale [day] Friday, August 21, 15 2 10 Peak Luminosity [erg s−1] Peak Luminosity [MV] iPTF13bxl Optical transient timescales Mansi Kasliwal iPTF14yb PTF11agg 46 10 iPTF13dsw −25 Relativistic Explosions 45 Luminous Supernovae 10 SCP06F6 PTF09cnd SN2005ap SN2008es SN2006gy PTF09atu PTF10cwr PTF09cwl 44 10 SN2007bi −20 SN2002bj Thermonuclear Supernovae 43 10 Transiting exoplanets The nearest & brightest stars PTF10bhp Core−Collapse PTF12bho Habitable zone of M-dwarfs 42 Supernovae SN2007ke .Ia Explosions 10 PTF11bij PTF09dav Asteroids around white dwarfs SN2012hn PTF10xfhPTF11kmb Eclipse/transit timing & measurement PTF10iuv SN2005E −15 Ca−rich Transients Exoplanet detection SN2008ha 41 Mass-radius relation measurement SN2008S Intermediate10 PTF10acbp Nearby microlensing events Luminosity 2-minute cadence even before detection NGC300OT Red Transients Young & active stars 40 PTF10fqs 10 Comprehensive measurement of stellar activity All stars V<16.5, every 2 minutes,110-degree declination range P60−M82OT−081119 Luminous M85 OT −10 Young Nearby Supernovae V838 Mon Red 39 Novae Monitor the objects before they go off Classical Novae 10 M31 RV Shock breakout & pre-outbursts Gamma Ray Bursts P60−M81OT−071213 Optical observations of GRBs before gamma-ray detection 38 10 Orphan afterglows across the sky V1309 Sco Exotic transients −5 Post-facto localization of gravitational wave counterparts, radio transients, ... −1 10 0 10 1 10 Characteristic Timescale [day] Friday, August 21, 15 2 10 Peak Luminosity [erg s−1] Peak Luminosity [MV] iPTF13bxl The Evryscope (“wide-seer”) 691 MPix 8,000 sq. deg. FOV Key capability: long-term, high-cadence monitoring of millions of targets simultaneously Friday, August 21, 15 The Evryscope (“wide-seer”) 691 MPix 8,000 sq. deg. FOV 24 61mm telescopes 29 MPix each 13”/pixel Key capability: long-term, high-cadence monitoring of millions of targets simultaneously dome tracks sky 1.8m fiberglass dome (not really transparent) Friday, August 21, 15 German Equatorial mount Evryscope Evryscopesky Field coverage of View (flipped to North) Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope Evryscopesky test Field coverage image of View (flipped to North) g~16 every 2 minutes g~18 every hour 3 mmag every 16 min. @ g=12 Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope Evryscopesky Field coverage of View (flipped to North) g~16 every V=16.4 every 2 minutes 2 minutes V=18 every g~18 every hour hour 3 mmag every 16 15 min. @ V=12 g=12 Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope Evryscopesky Field coverage of View (flipped to North) g~16 every V=16.4 every 2 minutes 2 minutes V=18 every g~18 every hour hour 3 mmag every 16 15 min. @ V=12 g=12 Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope Evryscopesky Field coverage of View (flipped to North) g~16 every V=16.4 every 2 minutes 2 minutes V=18 every g~18 every hour hour 3 mmag every 16 15 min. @ V=12 g=12 Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope Evryscopesky Field coverage of View (flipped to North) V=16.4 every 2 minutes Every year: V=18 every hour 35,000 observations of ~20 million targets 3 mmag every 15 min. @ V=12 Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope Evryscopesky Field coverage of View (flipped to North) V=16.4 every 2 minutes Every year: V=18 every hour 35,000 observations of ~20 million targets 3 mmag every 15 min. @ V=12 Friday, August 21, 15 Key capability: long-term, high-cadence monitoring of rare all-sky targets >30,000 M-dwarfs w. habitable-zone Jupiter sensitivity ~1000 white dwarfs rapidly enough to see transits Friday, August 21, 15 70,000 bright (V<10) stars TESS targets w. many-year baselines: confirm long-period giant planets Other planet-detection methods & stellar astrophysics (very) rare nearby-star microlensing Transit & eclipse timing Lynette Cook Friday, August 21, 15 Beaulieu et al. 2005 Precision timing for every eclipsing binary & hot Jupiter in a 100-degree declination range. + stellar variability, young stars, compact objects, accretion events... Nearby supernovae and bright GRBs • High-cadence imaging without needing pointing • Probe shock-breakout regime of nearby supernovae; prompt emission from GRBs • Search for pre-explosion outbursts (probing mass loss in final stages of massive star evolution) SN2011FE in M101 Simulated Evryscope Image LCOGT original image D. Reichart Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope @ CTIO Thanks NSF/ATI! Funded July 2014 Deployed May 2015 Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope @ CTIO Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope image from CTIO Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope image from CTIO 0.2% of Evryscope FOV Friday, August 21, 15 10 Etendue / m deg 2 100 2 Current survey etendues 1 ST ope S-1 LS sc R ry AR Ev T nS Pa S LA AT th S ou DE -S T SC HA F -H PT ru ba Su A er ST pp VI a yM SP Sk T A VS rW pe s S Su am E C PS AW RM SN TF AS AS HT I CF LT OD KE NIY W SS SD Friday, August 21, 15 Survey parameter space ZTF ATLAS Friday, August 21, 15 Observing the entire sky every three nights LSST (6.7m eff.) for 30 seconds every 3 nights 0.03% duty cycle Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope (61mm) for 3 nights every 3 nights 97% duty cycle Observing the entire sky every three nights LSST (6.7m eff.) for 30 seconds every 3 nights 0.03% duty cycle Evryscope (61mm) for 3 nights every 3 nights 97% duty cycle In three nights, Evryscope total photon collection is comparable to LSST’s, everywhere on the sky Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope Imaging So far (2 months in): ~250,000 images = 15TB of data Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope Pipeline 1. Evryscope Astronomers ~0.8Gb/2min 2. CCD calibration Octavi Fors SCIENCE with collaborators! Database Pixel non-linearity Deliverables Masterdark substraction & Master at division Image masking Telescope pointing coordinates 3. Astrometric reduction Astrometry.net Store images, light curves, and catalogs WCS TAN-SIP to TAN-TPV conversion 100 Tb NAS running PostgreSQL SExtractor positions & photometry WCS Image cutouts around a target and time range Multi-night light curves Testing astrometric reduction Targets 4. Light curves Single-night light curve computation Source association Di erential photometry from a subset of reference stars whose RMS is minimum Magnitude residuals tting to a (x,y) polynomial Multi-night light curves Light curve detrending (SysRem, TFA) Phase folding (Lomb-Scargle) Friday, August 21, 15 Signature detection Catalogs of targets to monitor Evryscope Imaging So far (2 months in): ~250,000 images = 15TB of data 13.00 Mags 13.50 14.00 14.50 Preliminary reduction; will improve 15.00 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.35 0.40 0.45 Time / days Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope Follow-up Network Evryscope Friday, August 21, 15 Evryscope Follow-up Network Evryscope 0.5m PROMPT array (+ 2nd site in Australia) 1.5m SMARTS / CHIRON (Brad Barlow @ High Point) 4m SOAR Friday, August 21, 15 10m SALT w. HRS The Evryscope -- interested in collaborators! http://evryscope.astro.unc.edu Transiting exoplanets The nearest & brightest stars Habitable zone of M-dwarfs Asteroids around white dwarfs Confirmation of long-period TESS single-transit detections Eclipse/transit timing & measurement Exoplanet detection Mass-radius relation measurement Nearby microlensing events 2-minute cadence even before detection Young & active stars Comprehensive measurement of stellar activity All stars g<16.5, every 2 minutes,100-degree declination range Eclipsing binary discovery Compact object accretion White dwarf pulsations Young Nearby Supernovae & distant GRBs Monitor the objects before they go off Shock breakout & pre-outbursts Optical observations of GRBs & orphan safterglows before gamma-ray detection Exotic transients Visible-light counterparts to rapid transients, without needing pointing Post-facto localization of gravitational wave counterparts, Friday, August 21, 15