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Total War, Propaganda, and U.S Gets in the War Warm Up: Describe the trenches of the Western Front. Get out Notebook #55 FRONTS: (Areas of Fighting) Western Front: Germany attacks France through Belgium Dominated by trench warfare Eastern Front: Germany and Russia battle in Russia. Russia quits after Bolshevik Revolution. Italian Front: Italy battles Austria-Hungary Asian Front: Japan declares war on Germany so it can take control of German-held colonies Mediterranean Front Ottoman’s fight off invasion in the Dardanelles, but lose to the British because of Arab revolts T.E. Lawrence – “Lawrence of Arabia” African Front: African colonies taken by Allied forces TOTAL WAR Battles took months, not days. Soldiers didn’t’ go home at the end of the day. Civilian populations affected: draft, rationing TOTAL WAR Trench warfare caused destruction of land and farming 1 out of 5 men killed, many more crippled and disfigured TOTAL WAR Women were needed to work in industry Submarine warfare killed civilians PROPAGANDA:One sided information to push a view or promote a cause. “The Huns are baby killers” “The war is going well – it will be over soon” “Anti war people are Communist” Propaganda Objectives “What You Want To Do” Recruitment of soldiers Financing the war effort (bonds, loans, or taxes) Unifying the country Conservation of resources necessary to the war (food, oil, steel, etc.) Participation in home-front organizations Propaganda Tools “How You Are Going To Do It” Demonization- Portray the enemy as purely evil, murderous, and aggressive. The enemy is often committing atrocities against women and children. Emotional Appeals- Playing on people’s emotions to promote the war effort. Fear is the most common emotion portrayed in these posters. Name Calling- Reinforced stereotypes through loaded labeling (“Commies”, “Japs”, “Huns”, etc.) Patriotic Appeal- Using patriotic language or symbols to appeal to national pride Half-Truths or Lies- Embellishing the enemies downfalls, and victimizing one’s own nation. Catchy Slogans- Using memorable phrases to foster support for the war effort. (“Remember the Alamo!”) Evocative Visual Symbols- Using symbols that appeal to people’s emotions. (flags, statues, enemy uniforms, etc.) Humor or Caricatures- Using humor by making the enemy the target of the joke. Military Posters Home Front Posters The Red Cross British Posters German Posters French Posters Italian Poster Irish Poster 1917 – THE BIG CHANGE Russian troops so badly equipped that it becomes a slaughter (must take guns from the dead). People revolt against the Czar with the help of Lenin who is smuggled in by Germany. Bolsheviks take over and say it is the capitalist’s war. Russia quits the war in 1917 1917 – United States Gets In Step 1: Heavy anti-German propaganda Step 2: Lusitania sunk - 128 Americans killed Step 3: Germans go back to unrestricted submarine warfare Step 4: The Zimmerman Telegram sent to Mexico 1917: President Wilson declares war on Germany