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Ancient World History Introduction, Origins, & Sumer Introduction & Origins Creation Video [Video] https://answersingenesis.org/media/video/creation/heaven-andearth/ It helps us know how we got here The ancient past is connected to what we do today Why is Ancient World History Important? [video] http://video.foxnews.com/v/4332286493001/isis-coordinated-attacks-kill-at-least-50-in-egypt/?#sp=show-clips It can be inspirational! It’s interesting (…for some…really!) It tells us how God has worked in this world throughout history (the Incarnation of Jesus Christ being the pinnacle) Evolutionists’ View on the Origins of “Life” (life forms, not simply humans): Life on Earth began more than 3 billion years ago, evolving from the most basic of microbes into a dazzling array of complexity over time. [www.livescience.com] Where Did We Come From? (Secular Views) 1. Electric Spark View (Lightning) 2. Community Clay View (Molecules mixed with clay to create life) 3. Deep Sea Vents View (Molecules mixed under water) 4. Chilly Start View (Ice kept underwater molecules protected from the sun until the ideal time) 5. RNA View (RNA within DNA helps create proteins, leading to life…though the existence of RNA also requires an explanation) 6. Simple Beginnings View (Basic molecules gradually combined and changed into more complex molecules, leading to life) 7. Alien View (Life-inducing molecules landed on earth from meteorites) Darwin's "Tree of Life" Darwin's Doubt –The Cambrian Explosion Where Did We Come From? (a Creationist View) Traceable Ancestor Theories—Both Christians and non-Christians believe that human DNA can be traced back to one man and one woman. The Bible explains this by referring to Adam and Eve. “Mitochondrial Eve Theory” and “Y Chromosomal Adam Theory” Human Civilization—Both Christians and most nonChristians believe that “civilizations” started to form roughly 6,000-10,000 years ago. Mr. Wiley’s Conclusions—Human life began with Adam and Eve about 6,000 years ago. Civilizations were formed shortly afterwards…And here we are today. Genesis 3—Satan, in the form of a serpent, tempted Adam and Eve to reject God’s authority, bring upon themselves curses. The Good News—Despite humanity’s rebellion, God promised to provide a redeemer who would defeat sin and Satan (Genesis 3:15). Sin & World History Sin & World History—Every single person is a sinner, having followed the footsteps of Adam and Eve’s rebellion against God. In order to understand world history accurately, we must realize that people in world history have been tainted by sin, just as we have been as well. “The moral of the story…”—We can observe the moral decisions of famous people in history to better understand things like virtue, sacrifice, and love, as well as to avoid things like greed, anger, or pride. [video] https://vimeo.com/46431986 Pre-Flood People Groups Cradle of Civilization— This region in the Middle-East is where virtually all scholars believe civilizations first arose. (likely during the Pangea supercontinent) Area—This resides around the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. Post-flood—After the Flood, this was likely the “launching pad” for new civilizations. [see movie clip] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_LKe8V-h7h8 The Ice Age A Christian/Creationist Perspective—If we accept that the Bible can be trusted, then we will read that God caused a worldwide, catastrophic flood to occur. During this catastrophe, it is likely that volcanoes erupted throughout the world, causing water temperatures to rise. Warmer waters can lead to powerful storms during summer, but also much harsher winters. Since nothing has matched the impact of the Flood, it’s no problem for Christians to explain that the Flood brought on the Ice Age. [link, read with discernment] http://www.livescience.com/48874warming-climate-produces-more-snow-storms.html Shem, Ham, and Japheth (Descendants of Noah) Shem—Asia Ham—Africa Japheth—Europe [video] https://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=OLvTIrgmPrI Origins of Language Tower of Babel—In Genesis 11:1-9, the Bible tells us how languages divided people groups. Semitic Languages—This is a “language family” of the Middle-East that shares similarities. Of the 4 earliest civilizations (that we know of), what is the shared aspect in geography? Every man, woman, and child for himself Activity On a piece of paper, come up with as many possible usages for the wheel in 60 seconds Begin when Mr. Wiley says, “GO!” Stop when told Whoever has the most, wins! Monotheism—The belief in one God Polytheism—The belief in many gods Origins of Religion Henotheism/Monolatry—The belief in many gods, but also in a God who is greater than the others See Deut. 3 (vs. 23-25) &4 (vs. 35 & 39) Resurgence of Monotheism (Israel) **How does this video game explain the origins of religion?** Sumer Egypt Major Civilizations (B.C.) Israel Assyria Babylon Persia Greece Rome Sumer In what modern-day country did the first civilization (Sumer) form? Pop Trivia Pop Trivia In what modern-day country did the first civilization (Sumer) form? Iraq [google earth] Location—The Sumerians lived within the “Fertile Crescent,” or Mesopotamia Sumerian Geography Pros—It would near the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers, and had healthy soil for growing crops. Cons—It would eventually become desired, with threats from both the north and south. City-building The wheel Cuneiform = their writing system Sumerian Culture [Video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HbZ2asfyHcA Mathematics (numerical system) & the 60second/60-minute time system [link] https://bamahammer.com/2014/05/07/61things-you-can-do-in-60-seconds/ Irrigation = well-established Divide into 2 teams Cuneiform Competition Write a message in cuneiform (up to 15 letters) that the other team will attempt to translate The message must be a coherent phrase/sentence Whoever translates the message the quickest wins! Ancient Civilization Video [video] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lESEb2-V1Sg Skip 13:00-13:34 Sumerian Religion Theocracy—The king defended his right to rule on the basis of having the gods’ approval Sky gods = male Earth gods = female Polytheistic—They believed in many gods Jr./Sr. date, anyone? (well, it’s actually an image of a Sumerian worshiper) Around 2500 B.C. Epic of Gilgamesh Content—It is a story of adventure between King Gilgamesh and his friend Enkidu Purpose—It was a reflection on morality (what is right/wrong) and mortality (death) [link] http://www.icr.org/article/noah-flood-gilgamesh/ [Arabic Movie Trailer] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iqlY_WBvRfQ Sargon & the Akkadian Empire Around 2350 B.C., Sumer was overtaken by the powerful city-state of Kish, ruled by a man named Sargon. Definition of Empire—The rule of one people over another. Religious Change—While much of the religious authority in Sumer rested in the priests, the king’s authority in the Akkadian Empire became much more important (he was a god-king). The Amorites—They formed the “Old Babylonian” Empire, and eventually overtook Sumer/the Akkadian Empire. The Amorites Code of Hammurabi—Hammurabi was the 6th king of the Amorites, who developed an extensive law code. Some similarities can be made with the Mosaic Law (see textbook, pgs. 24-25).