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Collaborative Geo-Engineering Reservoir Characterization and Modeling on the Web
http://www.kgs.ku.edu/PRS/publication/2004/AAPG/GEMINI
Reservoir modeling involves assimilation of multiscale information and requires an interdisciplinary
approach
W. Lynn Watney, John H. Doveton, Timothy R. Carr, Geoffrey C. Bohling, John Victorine, JP Pakalapati, Saibal Bhattacharya,
Alan P. Byrnes, Glen Gagnon, Ken Stalder, Melissa Moore, Martin K. Dubois, Willard J. Guy, and Kurt Look.
Core/Matrix Scale
Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, 1930 Constant Avenue, Lawrence,KS
Pore Scale
1000
Well Scale
0.1
Meyer10-1 4779.2ft
196md,17.9%
Meyer10-1 4788.5ft
105md,20.2%
Meyer10-1 4793.4ft
90md,16.7%
Scott4-8 4787.4ft
37md,15.2%
0.01
Air Permeability (md)
Relative Permeability(fraction)
1
0.001
0.0001
0
20
40
60
80
Water Saturation (%)
100
100
10
1
0.1
Well
Well Profile
Profile
Well Level Analysis
User/Project
User/Project
25
30 35
40 45
50
40
30
Gamma Ray
API Units
20
0
Cross
Cross Section
Section
Field Level Analysis
Module
Module
Module
Module
PfEFFER
PfEFFER
Java Applets
Volumetric
Volumetric
100
10
KGS Server
Apache - Tomcat
Module
Module
4
3
2900
5
6
Depth: 2888 - 2911
m= 3.15, a= 1, n= 2
RW: 0.0472 @ 105 F
2910
2920
0.10
DEPTH
2905 - 2912
2900 - 2905
2895 - 2900
2890 - 2895
2885 - 2890
0.01
1
100
10
1000
Resistivity (ohm-m)
0.1
2930
0.01
1
10
Principal Pore Throat Diameter (um)
100
2940
1.0
100
0.01
Permeability md
Log Neutron phi
Log Density phi
PE Curve
Whole Core phi
Core Plug phi
Whole Core Max k
Core Plug k
Geo-Engineering
Modeling is multi-scale,
integrated activity
conducted over often
long development
history of a petroleum
province. Recognition of
interdependency of
scales of reservoir
provides the
perspectives and
insights needed to refine
and constrain reservoir
models.
Module
Module
Java Servlets
KGS Database & Files
Synthetic
Synthetic
Seismogram
Seismogram
MURFIN I CO2 1 CARTER-COLLIVER
Neutron-Density Porosity
Sw=60%
Sw=80%
Sw=100%
2890
1
2
Basin-Play Scale
Well
Well Production
Production
Sw=20%
1.00
Sw=40%
Layers
Module
Module
DST
DST
-10
1
0.1
Module
Module
0
10
2880
Core & Log
Petrophysics
Water Saturation (fraction)
Porosity %
20
30
150
Well-Interwell Scale
Material
Material Balance
Balance
Module
Module
Module
Module
Geology
ASCII
ASCII Output
Output for
for
Reservoir
Reservoir Simulation
Simulation
KHAN
KHAN
Module
Module
Module
Module
Rock
Rock Catalog
Catalog
Module
Module
Gore Lynd #2 3950-4007’
PVT
PVT
Fluid
Fluid Catalog
Catalog
Module
Module
Module
Module
Engineering Modules
Geophysics
Engineering
Interwell-Field Scale
Gemini
and documented
to for
facilitate
updating
and
revision.
Exampleisofmodular
the documentation
directory
the KHAN
module
in GEMINI.
Core
Rock & Fluid Characteristics Java Applets
Gore Lynd #2 4006-4022’
GEMINI
Applet-Servlet Communication
Client Side
Applets
Opening browser dialog. User clicks on <Log on to GEMINI> button
to begin a session. Browser can be used to negotiate GEMINI or examine
reports and developments in GEMINI.
Parallel Flow
Interwell Scale
Apache-Tomcat
Server
Request for Data
Structure on Top of "C" Zone
"C" Zone Gross Isopach
ht
k1 f1 h1
q1
k2 f2 h2
q2
k 3 f3 h3
q3
n
kavg
Java Servlets
S kihi
Arithmetic average
=Heterogeneous
Flow
S hi
i=1
n
i=1
k2
•Embedded SQL Classes
•Digital LAS File Read
10
L-KC
L-KC
Primary
1177 MBO
Secondary
1371 MBO
Total 3,053 MBO
L-KC 2,448 MBO
k1 k2 k
k3
1
k1 k2 k1 k 3
k2
k3
k2
k3
k1
k2
k2
k3
k1
k3
k1
k2
k2
k3
k1
k3
k1
k3
k1
k2
k1
k2
k3
OPEN
MARINE
TIDAL
FLAT
ESTUARY ESTUARY
MOUTH FUNNEL
logkavg
ESTUARINE
UPPER ESTUARY
CHANNEL
(BRACKISH)
UPPER ESTUARY
CHANNEL
(FRESHWATER)
= S logki/N
Geometric average
i=1
2000
1990
1980
1970
1
k2
k1
n
SHOREFACE
1960
Core
Image Files
ht
1950
Digital
LAS Files
A portion of the Help dialog
in GEMINI showing active
buttons used to access
concepts and step-by-step
tutorial of each module.
100
1940
Kansas Oil & Gas
Class
Database & File Data
k1
Mostly
Shallower
Production
500
k3
GEMINI
Steps in Development
•
A 3-year DOE contract
(Fall, 2000 - 2003)
GEMINI Java Code Standards created before developers write any
code.
Well
Well Production
Production
– http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/R1.0/Documentation/JavaCodeConve
ntions21November2000.doc
•
•
•
Integrated Reservoir
Modeling
Module
Module
Design of the Modules are worked out with geologist, engineer, and
peer review.
Source Code is accessible to all developers.
– Java Source Code.
– SQL Scripts to build GEMINI Database Tables
– DOS Scripts to build GEMINI Releases.
Source Code is Documented and displayed on the web for peer
review.
– Developers write html with screen captures and links to the java
source code.
Well
Well Profile
Profile
Applet dialog for user to choose particular module.
Modules are organized by well level analyses,
field level analyses, and catalogs and calculators.
Module
Module
G
eo
lo
gy
The GEMINI website at http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Gemini/index.html
provides the entry point for users.
Cross
Cross Section
Section
Module
Module
Fluid
Fluid Catalog
Catalog
Module
Module
PfEFFER
PfEFFER
Balaji Rajagopalan (programming)
Ken Stalder (web interface, help functions)
4
Participating companies
4
4
Pioneer
15 20
50
0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0
Insitu Klinkenberg Permeability (md)
Module
Module
Java Applets
GEMINI PROJECT TEAM
MULL
10
Porosity (%)
1000
ORACLE
Database
Lynn Watney and Tim Carr
(petroleum geologists),
John Victorine (lead Java
programmer),
Saibal Bhattacharya (petroleum engineer),
John Doveton and Bill Guy (log
petrophysicists), Alan Byrnes (core
petrophysicist), Geoff Bohling (program
designer),Melissa Moore (data manager), Kurt
Look and Glen Gagnon (systems
Pakalapati
programmer)
programmers), JP
David
Collins(Java
(correlator).
Marty DuBois (petroleum geologist)
5
60
0
1930
Initial screening of reservoir performance and prospective pay
prediction can quickly narrow the search space to focus efforts toward
enhanced recovery opportunities. Once targets are identified,
collaborative users can perform integrated geologic and engineering
modeling including iterative approaches and scenario testing.
Software tools include core analysis modeling, log analysis,
production and DST analysts, PVT, volumetrics, and material
balance. The refined reservoir characterization and associated
economics can be used to identify appropriate recovery technologies.
Access to web-based modeling, particularly for small independent oil
and gas producers, will encourage use of robust reservoir parameters
and models in decision making and in fluid flow simulations. Additional
functions in GEMINI provide the means to export results for use in
other applications.
0
10
Barrels Oil Per Day
Public domain and proprietary digital warehousing of borehole
logs, core analyses, production, and well tests have become
increasingly available on the Web. This information sets in motion new
strategies to re-explore and re-develop mature areas to find
bypassed, underproduced, and previously subtle and uneconomic
pay. Web-based reservoir modeling software such as the free, publicdomain GEMINI (Geo-Engineering Modeling through Internet
Informatics) establishes password-protected projects, workflow, and
tutorials to help the online user gather data on-the-fly and perform
real-time, interactive collaborative modeling of reservoirs. Java
applets used in the applications require a minimal-sized PC and
internet access.
0.01
70
BVW=.12
BVW=.11
BVW=0.1
BVW=0.09
BVW=0.08
BVW=0.07
Home page: http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Gemini/
80
Porosity (fraction)
ABSTRACT
Launching GEMINI
k=100 md
k=50 md
k=10 md
k=5 md
k=1 md
90
Height Above Free Water (ft)
Integrated Web-based Petroleum Reservoir Modeling
Documentation and Help
100
Vastar
4
4
Www.kgs.ku.edu/Gemini
An internet web-site
– http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/index.html
Rock and Fluid Catalogs
– Access through the Gemini User/Project Module
http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/R1.0/GeminiUserProjectModule.htm l
Web-based analytical software tools.
– Well Level Modules (Well Profile, PfEFFER, DST, Synthetic Seismo gram, KHAN)
– Field Level Modules (Cross Section, Volumetric, Production, Mate rial Balance, ASCII Output for
Reservoir Simulation, PVT Calculator)
– Access through the Gemini User/Project Module
http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/R1.0/GeminiUserProjectModule.htm l
Tutorial module including theory, application of analytical tool s and operation of GEMINI.
– http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/gemini -help.html
Reports, Seminars, Conferences and Workshops will be provided as records of technology transfer
activities.
GEMINI deliverables to DOE
Module
Module
Rock
Rock Catalog
Catalog
Web-based Reservoir Modeling
Web page from section of
Tutorial on Pay Determination
from PfEFFER Concepts Web
Page in GEMINI Help. Tool
bar on bottom allows user to
review the web pages
stepwise without having to
return to table of contents.
1. Accommodates distant collaborations among industry partners
and academia.
2. Leverages information on active, updated public-domain
petroleum databases.
3. Low cost - free access
4. Provides integrated reservoir analysis tools for the small
independent oil and gas producer.
Module
Module
Problem or Opportunity
" 12+ orders of scales in reservoir characterization
" Appropriate application of new technologies properly designed to address reservoir complexity
" Devil is in details: solution beyond beyond rules -of-thumb, thickness, and structure
DST
DST
Module
Module
En
gi
ne
Volumetric
Volumetric
Module
Module
er
Material
Material Balance
Balance
in
g
Module
Module