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Collaborative Geo-Engineering Reservoir Characterization and Modeling on the Web http://www.kgs.ku.edu/PRS/publication/2004/AAPG/GEMINI Reservoir modeling involves assimilation of multiscale information and requires an interdisciplinary approach W. Lynn Watney, John H. Doveton, Timothy R. Carr, Geoffrey C. Bohling, John Victorine, JP Pakalapati, Saibal Bhattacharya, Alan P. Byrnes, Glen Gagnon, Ken Stalder, Melissa Moore, Martin K. Dubois, Willard J. Guy, and Kurt Look. Core/Matrix Scale Kansas Geological Survey, University of Kansas, 1930 Constant Avenue, Lawrence,KS Pore Scale 1000 Well Scale 0.1 Meyer10-1 4779.2ft 196md,17.9% Meyer10-1 4788.5ft 105md,20.2% Meyer10-1 4793.4ft 90md,16.7% Scott4-8 4787.4ft 37md,15.2% 0.01 Air Permeability (md) Relative Permeability(fraction) 1 0.001 0.0001 0 20 40 60 80 Water Saturation (%) 100 100 10 1 0.1 Well Well Profile Profile Well Level Analysis User/Project User/Project 25 30 35 40 45 50 40 30 Gamma Ray API Units 20 0 Cross Cross Section Section Field Level Analysis Module Module Module Module PfEFFER PfEFFER Java Applets Volumetric Volumetric 100 10 KGS Server Apache - Tomcat Module Module 4 3 2900 5 6 Depth: 2888 - 2911 m= 3.15, a= 1, n= 2 RW: 0.0472 @ 105 F 2910 2920 0.10 DEPTH 2905 - 2912 2900 - 2905 2895 - 2900 2890 - 2895 2885 - 2890 0.01 1 100 10 1000 Resistivity (ohm-m) 0.1 2930 0.01 1 10 Principal Pore Throat Diameter (um) 100 2940 1.0 100 0.01 Permeability md Log Neutron phi Log Density phi PE Curve Whole Core phi Core Plug phi Whole Core Max k Core Plug k Geo-Engineering Modeling is multi-scale, integrated activity conducted over often long development history of a petroleum province. Recognition of interdependency of scales of reservoir provides the perspectives and insights needed to refine and constrain reservoir models. Module Module Java Servlets KGS Database & Files Synthetic Synthetic Seismogram Seismogram MURFIN I CO2 1 CARTER-COLLIVER Neutron-Density Porosity Sw=60% Sw=80% Sw=100% 2890 1 2 Basin-Play Scale Well Well Production Production Sw=20% 1.00 Sw=40% Layers Module Module DST DST -10 1 0.1 Module Module 0 10 2880 Core & Log Petrophysics Water Saturation (fraction) Porosity % 20 30 150 Well-Interwell Scale Material Material Balance Balance Module Module Module Module Geology ASCII ASCII Output Output for for Reservoir Reservoir Simulation Simulation KHAN KHAN Module Module Module Module Rock Rock Catalog Catalog Module Module Gore Lynd #2 3950-4007’ PVT PVT Fluid Fluid Catalog Catalog Module Module Module Module Engineering Modules Geophysics Engineering Interwell-Field Scale Gemini and documented to for facilitate updating and revision. Exampleisofmodular the documentation directory the KHAN module in GEMINI. Core Rock & Fluid Characteristics Java Applets Gore Lynd #2 4006-4022’ GEMINI Applet-Servlet Communication Client Side Applets Opening browser dialog. User clicks on <Log on to GEMINI> button to begin a session. Browser can be used to negotiate GEMINI or examine reports and developments in GEMINI. Parallel Flow Interwell Scale Apache-Tomcat Server Request for Data Structure on Top of "C" Zone "C" Zone Gross Isopach ht k1 f1 h1 q1 k2 f2 h2 q2 k 3 f3 h3 q3 n kavg Java Servlets S kihi Arithmetic average =Heterogeneous Flow S hi i=1 n i=1 k2 •Embedded SQL Classes •Digital LAS File Read 10 L-KC L-KC Primary 1177 MBO Secondary 1371 MBO Total 3,053 MBO L-KC 2,448 MBO k1 k2 k k3 1 k1 k2 k1 k 3 k2 k3 k2 k3 k1 k2 k2 k3 k1 k3 k1 k2 k2 k3 k1 k3 k1 k3 k1 k2 k1 k2 k3 OPEN MARINE TIDAL FLAT ESTUARY ESTUARY MOUTH FUNNEL logkavg ESTUARINE UPPER ESTUARY CHANNEL (BRACKISH) UPPER ESTUARY CHANNEL (FRESHWATER) = S logki/N Geometric average i=1 2000 1990 1980 1970 1 k2 k1 n SHOREFACE 1960 Core Image Files ht 1950 Digital LAS Files A portion of the Help dialog in GEMINI showing active buttons used to access concepts and step-by-step tutorial of each module. 100 1940 Kansas Oil & Gas Class Database & File Data k1 Mostly Shallower Production 500 k3 GEMINI Steps in Development • A 3-year DOE contract (Fall, 2000 - 2003) GEMINI Java Code Standards created before developers write any code. Well Well Production Production – http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/R1.0/Documentation/JavaCodeConve ntions21November2000.doc • • • Integrated Reservoir Modeling Module Module Design of the Modules are worked out with geologist, engineer, and peer review. Source Code is accessible to all developers. – Java Source Code. – SQL Scripts to build GEMINI Database Tables – DOS Scripts to build GEMINI Releases. Source Code is Documented and displayed on the web for peer review. – Developers write html with screen captures and links to the java source code. Well Well Profile Profile Applet dialog for user to choose particular module. Modules are organized by well level analyses, field level analyses, and catalogs and calculators. Module Module G eo lo gy The GEMINI website at http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Gemini/index.html provides the entry point for users. Cross Cross Section Section Module Module Fluid Fluid Catalog Catalog Module Module PfEFFER PfEFFER Balaji Rajagopalan (programming) Ken Stalder (web interface, help functions) 4 Participating companies 4 4 Pioneer 15 20 50 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 Insitu Klinkenberg Permeability (md) Module Module Java Applets GEMINI PROJECT TEAM MULL 10 Porosity (%) 1000 ORACLE Database Lynn Watney and Tim Carr (petroleum geologists), John Victorine (lead Java programmer), Saibal Bhattacharya (petroleum engineer), John Doveton and Bill Guy (log petrophysicists), Alan Byrnes (core petrophysicist), Geoff Bohling (program designer),Melissa Moore (data manager), Kurt Look and Glen Gagnon (systems Pakalapati programmer) programmers), JP David Collins(Java (correlator). Marty DuBois (petroleum geologist) 5 60 0 1930 Initial screening of reservoir performance and prospective pay prediction can quickly narrow the search space to focus efforts toward enhanced recovery opportunities. Once targets are identified, collaborative users can perform integrated geologic and engineering modeling including iterative approaches and scenario testing. Software tools include core analysis modeling, log analysis, production and DST analysts, PVT, volumetrics, and material balance. The refined reservoir characterization and associated economics can be used to identify appropriate recovery technologies. Access to web-based modeling, particularly for small independent oil and gas producers, will encourage use of robust reservoir parameters and models in decision making and in fluid flow simulations. Additional functions in GEMINI provide the means to export results for use in other applications. 0 10 Barrels Oil Per Day Public domain and proprietary digital warehousing of borehole logs, core analyses, production, and well tests have become increasingly available on the Web. This information sets in motion new strategies to re-explore and re-develop mature areas to find bypassed, underproduced, and previously subtle and uneconomic pay. Web-based reservoir modeling software such as the free, publicdomain GEMINI (Geo-Engineering Modeling through Internet Informatics) establishes password-protected projects, workflow, and tutorials to help the online user gather data on-the-fly and perform real-time, interactive collaborative modeling of reservoirs. Java applets used in the applications require a minimal-sized PC and internet access. 0.01 70 BVW=.12 BVW=.11 BVW=0.1 BVW=0.09 BVW=0.08 BVW=0.07 Home page: http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Gemini/ 80 Porosity (fraction) ABSTRACT Launching GEMINI k=100 md k=50 md k=10 md k=5 md k=1 md 90 Height Above Free Water (ft) Integrated Web-based Petroleum Reservoir Modeling Documentation and Help 100 Vastar 4 4 Www.kgs.ku.edu/Gemini An internet web-site – http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/index.html Rock and Fluid Catalogs – Access through the Gemini User/Project Module http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/R1.0/GeminiUserProjectModule.htm l Web-based analytical software tools. – Well Level Modules (Well Profile, PfEFFER, DST, Synthetic Seismo gram, KHAN) – Field Level Modules (Cross Section, Volumetric, Production, Mate rial Balance, ASCII Output for Reservoir Simulation, PVT Calculator) – Access through the Gemini User/Project Module http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/R1.0/GeminiUserProjectModule.htm l Tutorial module including theory, application of analytical tool s and operation of GEMINI. – http://www.kgs.ukans.edu/Gemini/gemini -help.html Reports, Seminars, Conferences and Workshops will be provided as records of technology transfer activities. GEMINI deliverables to DOE Module Module Rock Rock Catalog Catalog Web-based Reservoir Modeling Web page from section of Tutorial on Pay Determination from PfEFFER Concepts Web Page in GEMINI Help. Tool bar on bottom allows user to review the web pages stepwise without having to return to table of contents. 1. Accommodates distant collaborations among industry partners and academia. 2. Leverages information on active, updated public-domain petroleum databases. 3. Low cost - free access 4. Provides integrated reservoir analysis tools for the small independent oil and gas producer. Module Module Problem or Opportunity " 12+ orders of scales in reservoir characterization " Appropriate application of new technologies properly designed to address reservoir complexity " Devil is in details: solution beyond beyond rules -of-thumb, thickness, and structure DST DST Module Module En gi ne Volumetric Volumetric Module Module er Material Material Balance Balance in g Module Module