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BIOLOGY 263, FALL 2002 MIDTERM EXAMINATION Name Date: Laboratory Practical Stations. Answer the questions at each station. (14%, 4% per station) 1. a. b. 2. a. 3. a. b. 4. Complete the activity as directed. b. Hypothesis Evaluation. Is there statistically significant support for each of the following hypotheses? (6%, 2% each) 1. Hypothesis = The number of bird species will be greater in wooded areas than in grassland areas in eastern Colorado. Data = Mean number of bird species sighted per 10 meter transect in wooded areas = 12.4, Mean number of bird species sighted per 10 meter transect in grassland areas = 16.8. p-value = 0.0007 Circle one: Hypothesis Supported Hypothesis NOT Supported 2. Hypothesis = Common mallow, Malva neglecta, is more common in lawns than in empty lots. Data = Mean # of Malva neglecta plants per m2 in lawn = 19.5, Mean # of Malva neglecta plants per m2 in empty lots = 19.2 p-value = 0.456 Circle one: Hypothesis Supported Hypothesis NOT Supported 3. Hypothesis = There are more microvinvertebrate species in wooded areas than in grassland areas in eastern Colorado. Data = Mean # of invertebrate species per quadrat sample in wooded areas = 10.4, Mean # of invertebrate species per quadrat sample in grassland areas = 9.1 p-value = 0.048 Circle one: Hypothesis Supported Hypothesis NOT Supported Laboratory Safety & Behavior Scenario. Read the scenario below and identify four things that Herb did incorrectly or unsafely and BRIEFLY explain why these four things were incorrect or unsafe. (10%) Herb walks into lab wearing athletic shoes and drinking Gatorade from a sports bottle. He sits down and begins to work on the prokaryote laboratory with his laboratory partner. In collecting materials he lays a broth culture of Escherichia coli down on his lab bench. The culture begins to leak through its cap all over the bench. Herb reacts quickly and cleans the spill up himself using 95% ethanol and Kimwipes before anyone else noticed. He disposes of the used Kimwipes in the Biohazard waste. After that incident Herb is very careful in doing his Gram staining, making sure that the solutions coming off of the slide drip into the sink where they can be easily washed away. Definitions. Define each BIOLOGICAL term from THIS LABORATORY in an accurate, concise, and lucid manner. (20%, 4% each) 1. Bacterial Colony: 2. Electrophoresis: 3. Forb: 4. Negative Control Group: 5. p-value: Data Manipulation & Analysis. Address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. 1. Given the following data from a small, reproductively isolated, constant-sized population, a) calculate the allele and genotype frequencies for every time period. (8%) b) Create a properly labeled graph of the allele frequency of one of the alleles (NOT both) over time. (5%) c) Propose a plausible population genetic/evolutionary explanation for what you see happening (or not happening) to the allele frequency over time. (2%) generations 0 5 10 15 20 individuals BB 3 6 4 2 4 Bb 6 4 6 5 6 bb 3 2 2 5 2 2. Use the following four gels on which are shown X and x alleles (all individuals are from the same population) to calculate the allele and genotype frequencies for the population. Then determine if the population is at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. (10%) wells x X 2. Use the following data table to construct a phylogenetic tree. Be certain to illustrate each derived characteristic on the tree. (10%) mobile stage fruit wood leaves root branching Pine seeds no fruit woody needle irregular Apple seeds fruit woody flat irregular Pear seeds fruit woody flat irregular Spruce seeds no fruit woody needle irregular Fern spores no fruit herbaceous flat irregular Club moss – Outgroup spores no fruit herbaceous flat dichotomous Experimental Design. Use the back of this page to design a rigorous experiment with appropriate control(s) to test the hypothesis that Streptomyces griseus ( a soil living bacterium) inhibits growth of Micrococcus luteus ( another soil living bacterium). (13%) Create a scientific title for the laboratory report you would write for this experiment. (2%)