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Name BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2009 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 1) Date MULTIPLE CHOICE (+ FILL-IN THE BLANK).⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each) 1. Which of the following is NOT an assumption of scientific philosophy? a. Only experimental observations can prove hypotheses to be True. b. Sense experience consistently (but not absolutely_ reflects reality. c. The universe is ordered. d. None of the above. (All are assumptions) 2. Which of the following is a disease or condition caused by a nematode? a. fluke infection b. hookworm infection c. MRSA infection d. syphilis e. tapeworm infection 3. Which of the following is NOT one of the unique derived characteristics of chordates? a. calcium carbonate skeleton b. dorsal nerve tube c. notochord d. pharyngeal openings e. post-anal tail 4. The nervous system develops from which type of tissue? a. ectoderm b. endoderm c. mesoderm d. pachyderm 5. Which of the following theoretically should have the highest species richness? a. large long island far from continent b. large long island near continent c. small long island far from continent d. small long island near continent e. large round island far from continent f. large round island near continent g. small round island far from continent h. small round island near continent 6. Which of the following increases genetic variation? a. artificial selection b. genetic drift c. mutation d. natural selection e. None of the above (all decrease variation) 7. If a population of 100000 is undergoing logistic growth with a yearly intrinsic rate of increase of 0.50, and a carrying capacity of 100000 then what is the size of the population after 2 years? (round ≥0.5 up and <0.5 down if needed) a. 199000 b. 200000 c. 215400 d. 225800 e. None of the above. 8-10. Identify three things thata re incorrect or misleading about the diagram below. FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the available space. 1. Fill in the table below. (4%) Model Organism Common Name Kingdom Phylum Arabidopsis thaliana Drosophila melanogaster Saccharomyces cerevisiae Xenopus laevis 2.. What type of tissue is depicted at right. Be as specific as possible but do not exceed a few words in length. (1%) DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases, define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (10%, 2% each) 1. competitive exclusion: 2. diploblastic: 3. hyphae (singular = hypha): 4. pseudocoelomate: 5. (bacterial) transformation: Name BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2009 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 2) Date FREE RESPONSE QUESTIONS/PROBLEMS.⎯For the following, address each in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. 1. Use the data below to construct a phylogenetic tree of the species in the left column. Show the derived traits on your phylogenetic tree. OG = Outgroup (5%) Feathers Heart Chamber s Penis Perching Foot Teeth Chicken present 4 absent absent absent Crow present 4 absent present absent Sparrow present 4 absent present absent Ostrich present 4 present absent absent Alligator Lizard Outgroup absent absent 4 3 present present absent absent present present 2. In the space below sketch and label all the important structures in a FUNGAL cell. (5%) 3. Generally outline basic animal development in a vertebrate from fertilization to the formation of the nervous system. Be certain to identify each stage and indicate what is happening at each stage. (5%) Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled sketches in your answer. 4. To reduce the frequency of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment it is recommended that antibiotics be used less frequently. Why would less frequent use of antibiotics result in greater frequency of susceptible bacteria over time? Provide a brief evolutionary explanation. (5%) 5. Explain how the pancreas and liver together regulate blood glucose. What happens when blood sugar is high? What happens when blood sugar is low? (4%) 6. In a sentence, explain what happens to cause Type 2 Diabetes. (1%) Name BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2009 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 3) Date MULTIPLE CHOICE.⎯For the following multiple choice questions circle the letter in front of the response that best answers the question or completes the sentence. (10%, 1% each) 1. Which of the following best describes the community ecology relationship of a squirrel eating an oak seed (acorn)? a. Interspecific amensalism b. Intraspecific amensalism c. Interspecific commensalism d. Intraspecific commensalism e. Interspecific grazing f. Intraspecific grazing g. Interspecific predation h. Intraspecific predation i. None of the above 2. Is a population with the following genotypes at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, 72BB 96Bb 32bb ? a. No b. Yes c. Cannot be determined with the information provided. 3. Which of the following describes a bacterium that causes severe disease solely because of the reproduction of the bacterium? a. highly antibiotic b. highly invasive c. highly toxigenic d. highly xerophytic e. None of the above 4. Which of the following is an annelid? a. dog b. earthworm c. jellyfish / seajelly d. tapeworm e. starfish / seastar 5. Which of the following most limits aquatic primary production? a. light and nutrients b. light and temperature c. temperature and nutrients d. temperature and water The samples below measured the number of E. coli cells per μl derived from a standard broth culture. One culture was exposed to the drug Bacteri-BGon®. The hypothesis is that exposure to Bacteri-BGon® (BBG) exposure will kill cells. Table. Cell density per μl of E. coli after 10 minutes exposure to Bacteri-B-Gon® and unexposed culture. t-test p-value = 0.049 Not exposed 10 9 11 8 10 9 12 10 30 12 14 21 6. For these data and this hypothesis what type of graph would be most appropriate?↑ Exposed to BBG a. b. c. d. e. Bar graph of means Bar graph of samples Histogram Line Graph Scatter Plot 7. The hypothesis is… ↑ a. rejected. b. supported. c. This cannot be determined with these data. 8. Organisms in which of the following phyla includes the green algae? a. Bryophyta b. Chlorophyta c. Lycophyta d. Pterophyta e. None of the above 9. In which of the following parts of a flower does meiosis occur? a. anther b. filament c. petal d. sepal e. stigma 10. Which of the following is a correct species name for the organism that causes malaria? a. falciparum b. falciparum c. Falciparum d. Falciparum e. plasmodium falciparum f. plasmodium falciparum g. Plasmodium falciparum h. Plasmodium falciparum i. Plasmodium Falciparum j. Plasmodium Falciparum FILL-IN-THE-BLANK.⎯For the following exercises write the appropriate word or words in the available space. (5%) 3. Provide the summary equation for 1. Fill in the empty cells in the life table photosynthesis? (1%) below for a cohort of hippos. (2%) Survivor- Mortality Age Number ship 0 1000 1 990 2 990 3 980 4 500 2. Graph survivorship ↑ appropriately in the space provided below. (1%) (Be sure to select the graph type and to label the graph appropriately.) 4. In plants, any extra product of photosynthesis can be used structurally or stored. What is the name of each of these molecules? (1%) Structural____________________________ Storage_____________________________ DEFINITIONS.⎯For the following BIOLOGICAL words or phrases define them as accurately and concisely as possible. (10%, 2% each) 1. biofilm: 2. connective tissue: 3. natural selection: 4. pollen: 5. science: Name BIOLOGY 262, FALL 2009 FINAL EXAMINATION (PART 4) Date LONG ANSWERS.⎯ For the following answers, address each question in as concise and lucid a manner as possible. Do NOT exceed the space provided. 1. Describe/explain the life cycle of a member of Phylum Pterophyta. Include all life cycle stages, relevant unique structures, and label their ploidy. Also indicate all cellular processes that occur. Indicate the life cycle generation that is considered to be dominant. (1%) (7%) (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled illustrations for your answer.) 2. Generally explain the carbon cycle. (Feel free but do not feel obliged to use labeled illustrations for your answer.) (6%) Generally explain how the carbon cycle is related to global climate change (global warming). (1%) 4. a.) Explain the main points of the book The Evolution Explosion that you read for this class. (3%) b.) The Evolution Explosion describes Alexander Fleming’s discovery of the first antibiotic penicillin. First explain how this took place and then explain how this (the discovery of antibiotics by Fleming) fits with (relates to) the main points you outlined above. (3%) c.) Describe at least two (2) other examples (explaining what they demonstrate and how they demonstrate it) from The Evolution Explosion and explain how each example the main points of the book. (4%)