Download Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani and Elite School of Optometry

Geometric Optics I Course Schedule: Jan – May 2013
Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani
and
Elite School of Optometry
(Unit of Medical Research Foundation, Chennai)
B S OPTOMETRY
First Year - Second Semester – Academic Year (2012– 2013)
COURSE HANDOUT
Course No.
:
OPTO ZC171
Course Title
:
Geometric Optics I
Instructor in charge
:
Dr. K. Ambujam,, Ms M V S Sailaja,
Ms N Anuradha, Ms A Rashima
Course Objective
Starting from the rudimentary concepts of light, students will learn the basics of geometric or
ray optics. Emphasis will be given to wavefront or vergence treatment. Students will be trained
to have a clear understanding of image formation due to a lens, a mirror, a prism, and system of
thin lenses.
Prerequisites: None.
Text Book:
1.
Tunnacliffe A.H, Hirst J.G., Optics, The association of British Dispensing Opticians, London,
U.K., 1990.
Reference:
1.
Pedrotti L.S., Pedrotti Sr. F.L., Optics and Vision, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, USA, 1998.
Examinations: There will be three mid-term tests (called EC-s) and one comprehensive final
examination. The mid-term tests may consist of written examination, oral examination, surprise
class tests or home work assignments. All examinations will be of the problem solving types.
Students will be tested for their comprehension of the subjects rather than their memory.
Clear, concise and correct answers (including appropriate units) will be rewarded maximum
points. There will be practical sessions with this course.
Grading Policy: Each mid-term test will be evaluated for 20 marks. The comprehensive
examination will be for 40 marks. Each practical session will be evaluated for a maximum of 10
marks. Marks from all practical sessions will be added to the EC-s and Comprehensive
Examination to arrive at the final total mark in the course. Students scoring below 40 marks in
the total will be given grade 'E'. Other grades will be given according to the cluster formation.
Grade 'A' will be considered only for those scoring more than 79 marks in the total.
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Geometric Optics I Course Schedule: Jan – May 2013
Other guidelines:
1. Cell phones, laptops and all other electronic communication devices MUST be turned off
during all lectures, examinations AND practical sessions.
2. Students should do the practical sessions only in the allotted time. They cannot exchange
the time with other students.
3. No make up test will be given under any circumstance. Students who missed a test or a
practical session will be awarded zero for that test or practical session.
4. Students are encouraged to get involved in active discussion with the lecturer during lecture
time.
Course Plan:Week Topics
1. Introduction to light – Sources of light; production of light – classical model of
light production due to electronic transitions in atoms.
2. Wave equation in a homogeneous medium and its solution; relationship
between refractive index and the relative permittivity and permeability; speed of
light in different media.
3. Introduction to plane wave and spherical waves; concepts of amplitude, intensity
and phase; wavefronts - spherical and plane wavefronts. Vergence; definition of
a ray; relationship between wavefronts and converging and diverging rays.
4. Optical path length; Fermat’s Principle; rectilinear propagation of light;
reversibility of light path.
5. Derivation of laws of reflection from Fermat's principle; Types of reflection,
namely, specular and diffuse reflection; sign convention; plane mirrors; effect of
rotation of a mirror; height of a mirror and VA charts.
6. Spherical mirrors; image formation by convex and concave mirrors; ray tracing;
lateral magnification in convex and concave mirrors; applications of mirrors –
ophthalmic and otherwise.
7. EC - I
8.
9.
10.
11.
Derivation of Snell's law from Fermat's principle; glass slab; deviation produced
by a glass slab.
Refraction at air-liquid boundary; apparent depth; determination of refractive
index of the liquid; total internal reflection; critical angle; mirage; optical fibers.
Thick prism; deviation; angle of minimum deviation; dispersion – wavelength
dependence of refractive index – nd, nc and nf; angle of dispersion; dispersive
power; constringence or Abbe number.
Deviation without dispersion - achromatic prisms; dispersion without deviation;
thin prism - ophthalmic prisms; definition of prism dioptre.
EC – II:
Refraction at a spherical surface; paraxial approximation.
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Geometric Optics I Course Schedule: Jan – May 2013
12. Refractive power of the surface; primary (first, front) and secondary (second,
back) focal lengths; vergence equation; lateral magnification; Newton’s formula;
(D2 – d2) formula.
13. Vergence at a distance formula; imaging by a system of two or more lenses using
step along vergence; front and back vertex powers; nominal equivalent power.
14. Calculation of the positions of the cardinal points.
EC – III
15. Definition of a thin lens; vergence equation; Newton’s formula; imaging by
convex and concave lenses; changes in the position of image with changes in the
position of the object
16. Aperture; defocus blur; f-number; depth of focus and depth of field.
17. Telescopes, Lensometer.
Comprehensive Examination
GEOMETRIC OPTICS I (PRACTICALS)
Each practical session will be based on a concept that has already been taught in the class.
Handouts for the practical sessions will be given as you enter the lab. You will be required to
read the hand outs carefully and answer the question given before proceeding with the
experiments. Experiments will be usually about image formation using a plane or curved
surface and mirrors.
Instructor-in-charge
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