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Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(22) November 2014, Pages: 461-467
AENSI Journals
Advances in Environmental Biology
ISSN-1995-0756
EISSN-1998-1066
Journal home page: http://www.aensiweb.com/AEB/
Application of Principal Analysis Component and Mobility of Heavy Metals in Mine
Settling Ponds Nickel Laterite , Konawe North, Southeast Sulawesi
Adi Tonggiroh
Geochemistry LBE, Geology Engineering Hasanuddin University
ARTICLE INFO
Article history:
Received 26 September 2014
Received in revised form
20 November 2014
Accepted 25 December 2014
Available online 10 January 2015
Keywords:
heavy metals, sedimentation ponds,
principal compnent analysis
(statistical main component)
ABSTRACT
Study contaminants settling ponds as aspects of environmental geochemistry and
distribution of heavy metals contained about nickel mining methods which require
mobility refers to the correlation of heavy metals, water circulation and sedimentation
ponds. Nickel ore located in Southeast Sulawesi including laterite nickel deposit formed
from ultramafic rock peridotite laterisasi. Laterisasi form a layer of limonite, saprolite
with levels of Ni, Fe, Co, Cr is higher than the source peridotite ultramafic rocks. This
layer is exposed at the surface thus making applying nickel ore open pit methods. This
method causes the layer changes limonite, saprolite and ultramafic rock peridotite
becomes irregular, and become loose material. Change material layer and the discharge
will affect the stability of the mobility of heavy metals Ni, Fe, Co, Cr is distributed
following the transport medium. One way to determine the geochemical distribution of
heavy metals arising from mining activities is the availability of nickel laterite settling
ponds that serves to accommodate the potential for loose material transport are
generally sized sand, clay and silt. This paper aims to analyze the changes in the
mobility of the elements Ni, Fe, Co, Cr by applying statistical methods of principal
component analysis of ICP and XRF data obtained from samples of settling ponds and
laterisasi peridotite ultramafic rocks. The results showed that the mobility of heavy
metals Ni is relatively slow compared to Fe, Co, Cr on laterisasi rock peridotite. The
concentration of Fe, Cr earlier formed as Fe (OH) 3 and ferrochrome (FeCr2O3)
compared to Ni, Co in settling ponds
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To Cite This Article: Adi Tonggiroh, Application of Principal Analysis Component and Mobility of Heavy Metals in Mine Settling Ponds
Nickel Laterite , Konawe North, Southeast Sulawesi. Adv. Environ. Biol., 8(22), 461-467, 2014
INTRODUCTION
Environmental geochemical studies include aspects of the chemical composition of the sediment layer
deposition, chemical process cycles, the reaction changes the composition of rocks and soil, which is influenced
by factors controller.
Settling ponds are land discharges the material reservoir and surface water flow caused by mining activities.
Settling ponds very important role in the production of its main mining geochemical monitoring of the transport
of heavy metals, the other reason that the transport properties of heavy metals impaired mobility mechanism
which is influenced by the flow of ground water and surface water.
Systematics of the application of the open pit lateritic nickel deposit made on limonite or saprolite layer,
causing impaired mobility in the compound or element geochemistry of laterites. Nickel laterite mining products
will cause the correlation distribution of heavy metals and geochemical aspects of the environment in settling
ponds. Heavy metals are elements with high molecular weight and generally toxic to plants and animals,
including the human body (Notodarmojo, 2005). Heavy metal accumulation is an element or a compound
formed from the nickel ore mining process may consist of the waste material rock and laterite soil. This waste
material is undermined, resulting in dissolution of clay and silt size which subsequently undergo a process of
erosion followed the water activity. Stream erosion as a medium-sized transport the waste material delivers a
very smooth which is connected to the settling ponds. Study the distribution of metals Cr, Fe, Mn and Co
performed on settling ponds (settling pond)-dimensional cube with a relatively flat contour in order to facilitate
the flow of water in and out. Administratively, location research went Motui Regional District of North Konawe
Sawa Southeast Sulawesi (Figure 1).
Corresponding Author: Adi Tonggiroh, Geochemistry LBE, Geology Engineering Hasanuddin University
E-mail: [email protected]
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Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(22) November 2014, Pages: 461-467
Methods:
Correlation parameters laterite heavy metals Cr, Fe, Mn, Co and laterisasi closely related to ultramafic
rocks, it is easy for the assay data processing and properties of an element geochemistry.This of course requires
a statistical determination of multicollinearity of independent variables, and factor analysis can be used to
minimize multicollinearity with data processing techniques principal component analysis method.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Mineralogy:
Petrographic:
The results of petrographic observations (IQ-B1, IQ-B2, B3-IQ, IQ-B4) shows the mineral content, as
follows: olivine (20% - 35%), pyroxene (5% - 20%), Minerals opaque (5% ), a mass basis (40% - 70%), the
name: peridotite (Figure 2).
Mineragraphy:
Results of analyzes on samples polished slice of fresh ultramafic rocks are known mineral hematite (Fe2O3),
chromite (Fe2Cr2O4), Magnetite (Fe3O4) and serpentine (Mg6Si4O10 (OH)8) (Figure 3).
Distribution of Heavy Metal:
Settling ponds is container sourced accumulation of heavy metals in surface runoff and seepage wall. This
will result in differences in the distribution of values in each settling ponds are made in series to follow the
contour.
• Validation Data:
Test Data Ni, Fe, Co, Cr by the method of Bartlett's test of spericity known is 82.507, with 6 degrees of
freedom, and p = value (sig) of 0.000. then there is a correlation metals Ni, Fe, Co and Cr and ultramafic rocks
and settling ponds.
• Mobility in Laterisasi:
Analysis of the transformation matrix components in the sample laterisasi ultramafic rocks as follows: Ni
(0.596), Fe (0.568), Co (0.879) and Cr (0.963). This value indicates the location of the Ni has a different axis
(component 1) compared to Fe, Co and Cr component 2 lies in the similarities and differences of these metals
are interpreted relatively slow mobility of Ni in ultramafic rocks laterisasi than Fe, Co, Cr relatively faster
(Figure 4) . Transformation matrix component analysis performed on sediment samples laterite shows the value
of mobility following elements: Ni (0.769), Fe (0.843), Co (0.841) and Cr (1.0). This value indicates that Ni, Fe,
Co and Cr situated on the same axis and away from each other. This condition indicates that the mobility that
occurs in laterite sediments influenced by surface water and ground water (Figure 5).
• Mobility in Swimming Precipitation:
The phenomenon of Fe and Cr chart pattern became stronger relative constant, as a common element of
mobility and transport mechanisms that can form chemical compounds. This process occurs in phases
interpreted clay mineral deposits found so that the composition Fe as Fe (OH)3 and ferrochrome (FeCr2O3).
While Ni and Co have the same graphic pattern is relatively flat as a common trait constant mobility of heavy
metals in the settling ponds (Figures 6 and 7).
Ni communality value (0.109), Fe (0.944), Cr (0.920) and Co (918), indicates that the change of Ni
laterisasi ultramafic rocks and settling ponds (settling pond) is relatively weak compared to Fe, Co, Cr relatively
strong. Eigen values Ni (2.892) and the loading factor (72.289%) was interpreted as a strong influential metal is
affected by the wall settling ponds (Appendix map).
Conclusion:
Ni mobility is relatively slow compared to Fe, Co, Cr on laterisasi rock peridotite. Communality values,
eigen values and factor mobility properties indicate that the concentrations of Fe, Cr influenced by surface water
and ground water form a ferrochrome which occurred earlier than Ni, Co in settling ponds. Metal concentrations
are also influenced by the wall that leads to accumulation of settling ponds there are formed locally.
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Berkowitz, B., I. Dror, B. Yaron, 2008. Contaminant Geochemistry-Interactions and Transport in the
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Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(22) November 2014, Pages: 461-467
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APPENDIX
Fig. 1: Location of research area.
Fig. 2: Appearance of ultramafic rock peridotite petrographic.
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Chromit
e
Hematite
Magnetite
Fig. 3: Appearance of incision polishes peridotite ultramafic rocks.
Fig. 4: Analysis of the components of Ni, Fe, Co, Cr in ultramafic rocks.
Fig. 5: Analysis of the components of heavy metals in sediment samples laterite.
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Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(22) November 2014, Pages: 461-467
Fig. 6: Patterns of heavy metal concentrations in the settling ponds (settling pond)
Fig. 7: The mechanism of distribution of heavy metals in the settling ponds (settling pond)
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Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(22) November 2014, Pages: 461-467
ANNEX MAP
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Adi Tonggiroh, 2014
Advances in Environmental Biology, 8(22) November 2014, Pages: 461-467