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Earth-Sun Relationships Climate and Weather • Weather is the condition of the atmosphere at a specific time. • Climate refers to the average weather conditions over many years. • Earth’s tilt on its axis in relation to the sun affects temperatures from day to night. • The rotation of Earth around the sun takes one year; this revolution affects temperatures from season to season. Earth's Seasons Interactive Warmuphttps://connected.mcgrawhill.com/media/repository/public_co Get a post it ntenthttps://connected.mcgrawPut yourhill.com/media/repository/public_co name on it ntent/COMPOUND/50000514/93/40 Write your own definition of weather /HSGEO15_SC_C03_L1_ig01/HSG Write your own definition of climate EO15_SC_C03_L1_ig01.html?mgh Place it CourseID=Y4HH351HGO4PJTR47 on the stoplight. . . Red means you L6WNELNBM/COMPOUND/50000 need help 514/93/40/HSGEO15_SC_C03_L1_ Yellow means you need a little more ig01/HSGEO15_SC_C03_L1_ig01. explanation, html?mghCourseID=Y4HH351HGO 4PJTR47L6WNELNBM Green means you’ve got it! • Earth’s axis is tilted so not all places on Earth get the same amount of direct sunlight at the same time. • Different parts of Earth have different climates because they receive different amounts of sunlight from the sun. • Earth rotates on its axis causing day and night. • As Earth rotates, the side of Earth that faces the sun during the day is usually warmer. • Earth revolves around the sun causing the changing season of the year. • The half of Earth, or hemisphere, that is tilted toward the sun experiences summer while the other half that is tilted away from the sun experiences winter. • The sun’s radiation hits Earth’s surface, and Earth’s atmosphere acts like a greenhouse. • Earth’s surface is warmed allowing life as we know it to exist. Earth-Sun Relationship Effect on Climate Earth’s axis is tilted so not all places on Different parts of Earth have different Earth get the same amount of direct sunlight climates because they receive different at the same time. amounts of ___________________from the sun. Earth rotates on its axis causing day and night. As Earth rotates, the side of Earth that faces the sun during the day is usually _____________________. Earth revolves around the sun causing the changing season of the year. The half of Earth, or hemisphere, that is tilted toward the sun experiences ________________ while the other half that is tilted away from the sun experiences __________________. The sun’s radiation hits Earth’s surface, and Earth’s atmosphere acts like a greenhouse. Earth’s surface is _____________________ allowing life as we know it to exist. Earth-Sun Relationships The Greenhouse Effect • The greenhouse effect allows trapped atmospheric gases to radiate heat that warms the Earth. • Under normal conditions, the atmosphere naturally provides enough insulation to promote life on Earth. • The radiation the Earth receives from the sun must equally balance with the heat radiated back into space to avoid temperature extremes in order to support life. Greenhouse effect Factors Affecting Climate Latitude, Climate, and Elevation • Earth’s rotation around the sun creates predictable climate patterns that correspond with latitude zones. • The low latitudes include the area between the Tropics of Capricorn and Cancer, including the Equator; all receive nearly direct sunlight and have warm to hot climates. • The high latitudes include the polar zones, which generally have very cold climates. • The midlatitude zones between 30° and 60° experience variable weather with generally temperate climates. • Elevation influences climate at all latitudes. Latitude Landforms Elevation What determines the climate of a location. Ocean Currents Wind Patterns Latitude • • • • • • Low latitude near the equator Direct rays from the sun Warm to hot High latitude near poles Indirect rays from sun Cool to cold Elevation • Height above sea level • Higher elevation = colder temperatures Wind Patterns • Warm tropical air moves towards poles • Cool polar air moves toward equator • Global winds Ocean Currents • Cold ocean currents cool lands they pass • Warm ocean currents bring warmer temps. Landforms • Large bodies of water keep temps moderate • Rain shadow effect causes dry areas (even deserts) to develop on the sides of mountains not facing the wind Factors Affecting Climate Winds and Ocean Currents • Winds occur when sunlight heats Earth’s atmosphere and surface unevenly; wind movement is critical for distributing the sun’s energy around the planet. • Ocean currents also distribute energy; cold ocean currents circulate cold water into warmer water and warm currents move away from the Equator flowing into cooler water. • Wind and water work together to affect weather, creating precipitation that both affects and is affected by temperature. Wind and Ocean Currents Winds happen because: Warm water moves: Cold water moves slowly from: These are called warm water currents because: These are called cold ocean currents because: Factors Affecting Climate Landforms and Climate • Climates are affected by the presence or absence of certain physical features, such as mountains or large bodies of water. • Large bodies of water are slower to heat and cool, so they help keep temperatures around them moderate. • Mountain ranges push air upward on the windward side, which cools and releases precipitation. After the precipitation is released, the air becomes warm and dry as it moves down the leeward side, resulting in a process that produces hot, dry areas with little precipitation called the rain shadow effect. Video Video questions Guided reading? quiz