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CURRICULUM VITAE STEVEN N. MINK, M.D. EDUCATION: Basic Philadelphia Public Schools to high school 1964-1968 B.S. Albright College, Reading, Pennsylvania 1968-1972 M.D. Temple University School of Medicine, Pennsylvania POST GRADUATE TRAINING: 1972-1975 Intern and Medical Residency Montefiore Hospital, University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1975-1977 Clinical Pulmonary Fellowship Georgetown University Hospital Washington, D.C. 1977-1980 Research Pulmonary Fellowship University of Manitoba Health Science Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Steven N. Mink, MD PROFESSIONAL APPOINTMENTS: 1980-1982 Associate Foundation Scientist Southwest Foundation for Research and Education San Antonio, Texas 1980-1982 Medical Director, Pulmonary Function Laboratory , Audie L. Murphy Memorial Veterans Hospital and Texas County Hospital, San Antonio, Texas 1980-1982 Assistant Professor of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Centre at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine 1982-July 1985 Assistant Professor of Medicine, Section of Respiratory Disease University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 1985-2000 Associate Professor of Medicine Section of Respiratory Diseases University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 1982-present Attending Physician Respiratory Centre Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 1988-present Attending Physician Section of Critical Care Medicine Intensive Care Unit St. Boniface Hospital Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 1984 to 1996 Adjunct Faculty, Department of Physiology University of Manitoba July 1997 March 1998 Acting Head, Section of Respiratory Diseases University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba April 1998 to 2006 Section Head, Section of Respiratory Diseases, Univ of Manitoba June 2000 to present Professor of Medicine University of Manitoba July 2002 to present Professor, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of Manitoba 2 Steven N. Mink, MD BOARD CERTIFICATION: 1975 American Board of Internal Medicine 1978 American Subspecialty Boards in Pulmonary Disease 1991-2001 2001-2021 ABIM Critical Care Certifying Examination HONORS AWARDS: 1972 AOA Medical Honorary Society, Temple University 1979-1980 American Lung Association Training Fellowship 1980-1982 NIH Young Investigator Research Award 1983-1986 Manitoba Health Research Scholarship SOCIETIES American Thoracic Society American Physiological Society American Society Clinical Investigation American College of Physicians American College of Chest Physicians Canadian Thoracic Society European Respiratory Society President, Manitoba Thoracic Society 1997 to 1998 COMMITTEES 2002 to 2006 Chair, Promotions Committee Department of Internal Medicine 2000-2002 Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research Clinical Investigatorship Committee 1999 to 2001 Member Heart and Stroke Foundation Grants Committee 1987-90 Member, Medical Research Council, Respiratory Grants Review Committee 1987-present Member, Central Animal Care Committee University of Manitoba MEDICAL LICENSES: Manitoba, Canada Texas, U.S.A. 3 Steven N. Mink, MD CLINICAL ACTIVITIES: Member of Long Term Ventilation Program Respiratory Consultant at Health Sciences Centre and St Boniface Hospital 8 weeks per year Respiratory Clinic ½ day per week Critical Care Attending 8 weeks per year Attending Physician Chronic Respiratory Ward, Deer Lodge Hospital 2006 to present 4 Steven N. Mink, MD RESEARCH SUPPORT Cumulative Competitive Research Grants Awarded C= competitive Granting Agency Subject Comp Awarded Years Principal investigator Co-investigators Medical Research Council Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation Children’s Hospital Foundation Wave-speed factors affecting expiratory flow. Ventricular mechanics in pulmonary emphysema The pharmacodynami cs and pharmacokinetics of epinephrine in the treatment of anaphylactic shock Interactions between histamine H3 receptors and alpha 2 adrenoceptors on cardiac function in sepsis C Total= $434,154 1983-96 Mink None C Total= $543,000 1983-98 Mink None C $96,000 2000-2002 Mink Becker Simons $42,500 July 2002to June 2003 C $40,000 /year 20032006 Mink None Left ventricular performance in gram negative sepsis Ventricular mechanics in experimental anaphylactic shock Multi-centered clinical trial of lung volume reduction surgery in emphysema Mechanisms of increased maximal flow in experimental volume reduction Surgery C $460,000 1990-2004 RB Light H Jacobs Mink D Bose $40,000 year 2004-2007 C $270,000 1988-1999 W Kepron Mink C $1 million over 5 years for 11 centres 1997-2002 Larry Tan H Unruh S Mink C $35,000/year Jan 2003-Dec 2003 Mink L Tan Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation Medical Research Council Manitoba Medical Services Foundation 5 Steven N. Mink, MD Canadian PathoHeart and physiology of Stroke lactic acidosis in Foundation experimental sepsis Heatlth Lysozyme Sciences inhibitors: novel Centre agents in the Foundation treatment of cardiovascular collapse in septic shock Canadian Lysozyme: a Institutes of novel mediator Health of cardiac Research adrenergic dysfunction in septic shock Heatlth Sciences Centre Foundation Health Sciences Centre Foundation Lysozyme inhibitors: novel treatment of vasospasm in aneurismal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A new treatment approach to septic shock C $35,000 /year 1999-2002 Carla Chrusch S Mink C $27,000/year 2003-2004 S Mink C $76,000/year 2005-2009 S Mink H Jacobs D Bose RB Light C $30,745 2006-2007 S Mink M West C $30496 20010 S Mink Competitive Research Grants Submitted Canadian Heart and Stroke Foundation The role of impaired hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics in the development of lactic acidosis in septic shock. $61000 per year 2014-2017 S Mink C Selective Contract Research Grants (Ncom= noncompetitive) Grant TITLE COM Awarded Years Agency Principle Investigator P Fernyhough Coinvestigator 6 Steven N. Mink, MD Astra, Inc Multi-center trial to determine the effects of double the dose of inhaled steroid in acute asthma Glaxo A comparison of Wellcome fluticasone propionate with beclomethasone dipropionate in adult asthma New Mechanical Spiration, Device for Inc Volume Reduction Surgery Respironics PLVC Continuum Ventilator Study Respironics Trilogy Ventilator Study Respironics Maui Ventilator Study Ncom $100,000 97-98 Mink None Ncom $60,000 1993-1994 Mink None Ncom $200,000 2000-2002 Mink Tan Ncom $20,00 2004-2006 Mink Ncom $18000 2008-2009 Mink Ncom $16000 2008-2009 Mink RESEARCH TRAINEES. Graduate Students. Jose Gotes Palazeuolos 2010 to 2013. Masters Candidate in Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics. Awarded October 2013. Mohammad Ashfaque. 2013 to present. Supervisory committee for Ph’D candidate in the Department of Immunology. Schaafsma Dedmer 2008/7 to 2011/6. Co-supervisor. Post –doctorate. University of Manitoba. Project description Smooth muscle contraction. Gordon Buduhan: Masters Degree, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, “Effect of acute lung volume reduction on lung mechanics and maximal flow in a canine model of upper lobe emphysema.” 2003-05; Thesis accepted 2005. Muftah Al-Mohamed: Masters Degree, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, “Mechanisms of decreased maximal flow in lung volume reduction surgery ”, July 2001-02. E Ewing Bui: Masters Degree, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, “Effects of post-pulmonary resection on maximal deflation in normal canine lungs and in a unilobar emphysema model”, Thesis 2000. X Li, Masters Degree, Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba; "Histamine H3 activation causes cardiac depression in experimental sepsis," 1996 to 1999. Thesis accepted June 99. Arturo Gomez, Ph'D Program in Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, "Left ventricular mechanics in experimental pulmonary emphysema", 1984 to 1988. Recipient of "Cardiovascular Biology Award" of the St Boniface General Hospital Research Foundation on behalf of Faculty Committee for 7 Steven N. Mink, MD Graduate Studies for excellence in research. J Eng, Masters Program in Department of Physiology, University of Manitoba, "Left ventricular function in experimental sepsis", 1988 to 1989. Research Fellows or Fellows Supervised in their Research Year. C Jadue, MD, 1984 to 1985 H Greville, MD, 1984 to 1986. A Gomez, MD, 1984 to 1988 (Recipient Department Medicine Research Prize). E Correa, MD, 1988 to 1990 P Jha, MD, 1990 to 1992 (Recipient Department Medicine Research Prize). M Gu, MD, Ph'D MRC Fellowship. S Sharma, MD 1992 to 1993 (Recipient Department Medicine Research Prize). J Yu, MD, Ph'D 1993 to 1994. C Bands, MD 1995 to 1996 (Recipient Department Medicine Research Prize). D Patel, MD 1996 to 97 G Eschun, MD 1998 to 2000, enrolled in Clinical Investigator Program. E Bautista, MD 1998 to 2000 D Ewing Bui MD 1999 -2000(MSc, Dept of Surgery). recipient of the CHEST Foundation and Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Inc Clinical Research Trainee Award in COPD for CHEST 2000 to be recognized during the Awards Ceremony at this year’s ACCP meeting. Ali- Mohamed, Muftah 2001-2002 (MS, Dept of Surgery) Gordon Buduhan 2003-2005 (MS, Dept of Surgery) (Recipient Department of Surgery Research Prize). Luis E Santos Martinez 2008 to 2009 Jose Gotes Palazeuolos 2009 to 2010. Medical Residents. J Rosenberg, MD 1995 (Recipient Department Medicine Research Prize). G Eschun, MD 1996 to 97 Medical Students. 8 Steven N. Mink, MD J Elkin, Summers of 1994 and 1995 (winner of 1st and 2nd year research prizes). Selected Invited Talks and Visiting Professorships. 1). Mexican Society of Cardiology 2012 Meeting, Puerto Viarta 2). Invited Speaker, University of Mississippi, Sept 2007 3). Invited Speaker, Unviversity of Nevada, Reno Nevada, Nov 2007 4) Invited speaker, University of Alberta, October 2007 5). Invited Speaker “The National Meeting of the Mexican Society of Respiratory Diseases and Surgery of Thorax” April 2005. 6). Invited Speaker, Western Respiratory Disease Symposium (WRDS) April 24th to 27th 2003. 7).. American Thoracic Society International Meeting Year 2000 in the Clinical Topics Symposium entitled, “Effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on the heart and pulmonary circulation” 8). International Conference of Respiratory Physiology and Clinical Application, Nov 2-4, 1998 at Zhong Sham Hospital Shanghai Medical University, People’s Republic of China. 9). Instituto Nacional de Cardiologica Ignacio Chavez, Cardiopulmonary interaction in the critically ill patient. University National of Mexico, UNAM. October 21-24, 97. 10). Visiting Professor, University of Lousiville, Kentucky October 15-18, 1996. 11). Visiting Professor, University of Alberta, 1994. 12) Visiting Professor, Wayne State University 1988 13) Visiting Professor, University of Calgary, 1987. 14). Visiting Professor, University of British Columbia, 1984. 9 Steven N. Mink, MD PUBLICATIONS I. Publications in Referred Journals. i. Published. 1. Mink, S.N., M. Zeismann, and L.D.H. Wood. Mechanisms of increased maximum expiratory flow during HeO2 breathing in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol.:Respir. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 47:490-502, 1979. 2. Mink, S.N. and L.D.H. Wood. How does HeO2 increase maximum expiratory flow in human lung? J. Clin. Invest.66:720-729, 1980. 3. Mink, S.N., R.B. Light, and L.D.H. Wood. Effect of pneumococcal lobar pneumonia on canine lung mechanics. J. Appl. Physiol.: Respir. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 50:283-291, 1981. 4. Light, R.B., S.N. Mink, and L.D.H. Wood. Pathophysiology of gas exchange and pulmonary perfusion in pneumococcal lobar pneumonia in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol.: Respir. Environ. Exercise Physiol.50:524-530, 1981. 5. Mink, S.N., R.B. Light, T. Cooligan, and L.D.H. Wood. Effect of PEEP on gas exchange and pulmonary perfusion in canine lobar pneumonia. J. Appl. Physiol.:Respir. Environ. Exercise Physiol.50:517-523, 1981. 6. Light, R.B., S.N. Mink, and L.D.H. Wood. The effect of unilateral PEEP on gas exchange and pulmonary function in canine lobar pneumonia. Anesthesiology 55(3):251-255, 1981. 7. Cooligan, T., R.B. Light, L.D.H. Wood, and S.N. Mink. Plasma volume infusion in canine pneumococcal pneumonia: Its effects on respiratory gas exchange and pneumonia size. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.126:86-92, 1982. 8. Light, R.B., T. Cooligan, L.D.H. Wood, and S.N. Mink. The physiology of recovery in experimental pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin. Invest. Med.6:147-151, 1983. 9. Mink, S.N. Mechanism of reduced maximum expiratory flow in methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol.: Respir. Environ. Exercise Physiol. 55:897-912, 1983. 10. Mink, S.N. Expiratory flow limitation and the response to breathing a helium-oxygen gas mixture in a canine model of pulmonary emphysema. J. Clin. Invest.73:1321-1334, 1984. 11. Mink, S.N., J.J. Coalson, L. Whitley, H. Greville, and C. Jadue. Pulmonary function tests in the detection of small airway obstruction in a canine model of bronchiolitis obliterans. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.130:1125-1133, 1984. 12. Arnup, M.E., H.W. Greville, L. Oppenheimer, S.N. Mink, and N.R. Anthonisen. Dynamic lung function in dogs with compensatory lung growth. J. Appl. Physiol.57:1569-1576, 1984. 13. Pare, P.D., L.A. Brooks, C.A. Coppin, J.L. Wright, S. Kennedy, R. Dahlby, S.N. Mink, and J.C. Hogg. Density dependence of maximum expiratory flow and its correlation with small airway pathology in smokers. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis.131:521-526, 1985. 14. Jadue, C., H.W. Greville, J.J. Coalson, and S.N. Mink. Forced expiration and HeO2 response in canine peripheral airways obstruction. J. Appl. Physiol.58(6):1788-1801, 1985. 15. Pysczynski, D., S.N. Mink, and N.R. Anthonisen. Increased gravitational stress does not alter maximum expiratory flow. J. Appl. Physiol., 59(1):28-33, 1985. 10 Steven N. Mink, MD 16. Mink, S.N., H. Unruh, and L. Oppenheimer. Vascular and interstitial mechanics in canine pulmonary emphysema. J. Appl. Physiol.59:1704-1715, 1985. 17. Greville, H.W., M.E. Arnup, S.N. Mink, L. Oppenheimer, and N.R. Anthonisen. Maximum expiratory flow reduction in pneumonectomized dogs. J. Appl. Physiol., 60:441-448, 1986. 18. Mink, S.N., L. Whitely, and J.J. Coalson. Hemodynamics in dogs with pulmonary hypertension due to pulmonary emphysema. Lung 164:41-54, 1986. 19. Gomez, A. and S.N. Mink. Increased left ventricular stiffness impairs filling in dogs with pulmonary emphysema in respiratory failure. J. Clin. Invest.78:228-240, 1986. 20. Greville, H.W. and S.N. Mink. Density dependence of maximum expiratory flow in histamine bronchoconstriction in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol.62:691-705, 1987. 21. Mink, S. Experimental studies: In density dependence of maximal expiratory flow. Teculescy, D.B., Pride, N. eds. Bull Eur Physiopath. Respir. 23:663-666, 1987 (Workshop Nancy 1986). 22. Mink, S.N., H. Greville, and A. Gomez. Expiratory flow limitation in dogs with regional changes in lung mechanical properties. J. Appl. Physiol. 64:162-173, 1988. 23. Gomez, A., J. Eng, and S. Mink. Aminophylline has little positive inotropic effect and a slightly negative diastolic effect on the left ventricle during hypoxic conditions in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 137:1296-1303, 1988. 24. Mink, S.N., S.G. Holtby, D.J. Berezanski, L. Oppenheimer, and N.R. Anthonisen. Heterogeneity of maximal lobar emptying rates in dogs with compensatory lung growth. J. Appl. Physiol. 67:1164-1170, 1989. 25. Eng, J., and S. Mink. Insensitivity of maximum expiratory flow to bronchodilation in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 68:2006-2012, 1990. 26. Gomez, A., R. Wang, H. Unruh, R.B. Light, D. Bose, T. Chau, E. Correa, and S. Mink. Hemofiltration reverses left ventricular dysfunction during sepsis in dogs. Anesthesiology 73:671-685, 1990. 27. Correa, E., S. Mink, H. Unruh, and W. Kepron. Left ventricular contractility is depressed in IgE mediated anaphylactic shock in dogs. Am. J. Physiology 260 (Heart and Circulation 29):H744-751, 1991. 28. Georgopoulos, D., S. Mink, L. Oppenheimer, and N. Anthonisen. How is maximal expiratory flow reduced in canine post-pneumonectomy lung growth? J. Appl. Physiol. 71:834-840, 1991. 29. Unruh, H. W., R. Wang, D. Bose, and S. Mink. Does pentobarbital anesthesia depress left ventricular contractility in dogs? Am. J. Physiol 261 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 30):H700-H706, 1991. 30. Gomez, A., and S. Mink. Interaction between effects of hypoxia and hypercapnia on altering left ventricular relaxation and chamber stiffness in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 146: 313-320, 1992. 31. Yu, J, A. Guia, S. Mink, W, Kepron, E. Cragoe, S. Sharma, and R Bose. Role of sodium in antigen -induced contraction of tracheal smooth muscle in dogs. Respiration Physiology 91: 111-124, 1993. 32. Jha, P, H Jacobs, D Bose, R Wang, J Yang, RB Light, S Mink. Effects of E. coli sepsis and myocardial depressant factor on interval-force relations in dog ventricle. Am J Physiol 264 (Heart Circ Physiol 33): H1402-H1410, 1993. 33. Gomez, A., H. Unruh, and S. Mink. Altered left ventricular chamber stiffness and isovolumic relaxation in 11 Steven N. Mink, MD dogs with chronic pulmonary hypertension caused by emphysema. Circulation 87: 247-260, 1993. 34. Gomez, A., H. Unruh, and S. Mink. Left ventricular systolic function is depressed in chronic pulmonary emphysema in dogs. Am J Physiol 267 (Heart Circ Physiol 36): H232-H247, 1994. 35. Leblanc, P, Mink S, Keistinen T, Saarelainen PA, Ringdal N, Payne SL. A comparison of fluticasone propionate 200 micrograms/day with beclomethasone dipropionate 400 micrograms/day in adult asthma. Allergy 49: 380-385, 1994. 36. Georgopoulos, D, A Gomez, S Mink. Factors determining lobar emptying rates during maximal and partial forced deflations in nonhomogeneous airway obstruction in dogs. Am J Respir Dis 149: 1241-1247, 1994. 37. Mink, S, P Jha, R Wang, J Yang, D Bose, H Jacobs, R Light. Effect of arteriovenous hemofiltration combined with systemic vasopressor therapy on depressed left ventricular contractility and oxygen delivery in canine E. coli sepsis. Anesthesiology 83: 178-190, 1995. 38. Yu, J, S Mink. Activation of pulmonary rapidly adapting receptors does not induce bronchoconstriction in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 80: 233-239, 1996. 39. Mink, S. Mechanism of lobar alveolar pressure decline during forced expiration in canine regional emphysema. J Appl Physiol. 82: 632-643, 1997. 40. Mink, S N, A Becker, H Unruh, W Kepron. Effects of mediators of anaphylaxis on partitioned pulmonary vascular resistance during ragweed shock in dogs. J Appl Physiol 84: 782-790, 1998. 41. Gu, M, R Bose, D Bose, RB Light, R Wang, X Li, H Jacobs, S Mink. Tumour necrosis factor alpha, but not septic plasma depresses cardiac myofilament contraction. Canadian J Anaesth 45:352-359, 1998. 42. Mink, SN, C Bands, A. Becker, J Elkin, S. Sharma, H. Unruh, W. Kepron. Effect of bolus epinephrine on systemic hemodynamics in canine anaphylactic shock. Cardiovascular Research 40:546-556, 1998. 43. Li, X, G Eschun, D Bose, H Jacobs, JJ Yang, RB Light, SN Mink. Histamine H3 activation depresses cardiac function in experimental sepsis. J Appl Physiol 85(5):1693-1701, 1998. 44. Mink S, Sharma S, Becker A, Duke K, Unruh H, Kepron W. Role of autocoids in cardiovascular collapse in anaphylactic shock in dogs. Cardiovascular Research 43: 173-182, 1999. 45. Mink, S, X Li, D Bose, M Gu, G Lu, H Jacobs, RB Light. Early but not delayed continuous arteriovenous hemofiltration improves cardiac function in sepsis in dogs. Intensive Care Medicine 25:733-743, 1999. 46. Chrusch, C, S Sharma, H Unruh, E Bautista, K Duke, A Becker, W Kepron, SN Mink. Histamine H3 receptor blockade improves cardiac function in canine anaphylaxis. Am J Respir Critical Care Medicine 160: 11421149, 2000. 47. Chrusch, C, Bands C, Bose D, Li X, Jacobs H, Duke K, Bautista E, Light RB, Mink SN. Impaired hepatic extraction and increased splanchnic production contribute to lactic acidosis in canine sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 161:517-526, 2000. 48. Tan L A, H Unruh, S N Mink. Volume Reduction Surgery for the Treatment of Severe Emphysema. : A study in a single Canadian Institution. Canadian Journal of Surgery 43: 369-376, 2000. 49. Patel D, K Duke, RB Light, H Jacobs, SN Mink, D Bose. Impaired sarcoplasmic calcium release inhibits myocardial contraction in experimental sepsis. Impaired sarcoplasmic calcium release inhibits myocardial contraction in experimental sepsis Journal Crit Care 15: 64-72, 2000. 12 Steven N. Mink, MD 50. Ewing-Bui, DT, SN Mink. Interdependence of flow between lobes reduces maximal emptying post-resection in dogs. J Appl Physiol. 92: 1008, 2002. 51. Eschun G, E Bautista, K Duke, SN Mink. Effect of histamine H3 receptor blockade on venous return and splanchnic hemodynamics in sepsis. Critical Care Medicine 30:628-636, 2002. 52. Bautista E, FER Simons, KJ Simons, AB Becker, K Duke, M Tillett, SN Mink. Epinephrine fails to hasten hemodynamic recovery in fully developed canine anaphylactic shock. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 128: 151-164, 2002. 53. Cheng Z, Bose D, Jacobs H, Light RB, Mink SN. Sepsis causes presynaptic histamine H3 and alpha2 adrenergic dysfunction in canine myocardium. Cardiovascular Research 56: 225-34, 2002. 54. Eschun G, SN Mink, Sat Sharma. Pulmonary interstitial fibrosis as a presenting manifestation in p-ANCA microscopic polyangiitis. Chest 123: 297-301, 2003. 55. Chidambaram M, Mink S, Sharma S. Artial septal aneurysm with right to left interarterial shunting. Tex Heart Inst J 30:68-70, 2003. 56 Mink SN, Jacobs H, Bose D, Duke K, Cheng Z, Liu G, Light RB. Lysozyme: a mediator of myocardial depression and adenergic dysfunction in septic shock in dogs. J Mol Cell Cardiol 35: 265-275,2003. 57 Mink SN, Jacobs H, Bose D, Duke, Cheng Z, Light RB. N,N’,N” triacetylglucosamine, an inhibitor of lysozyme, prevents myocardial depression in E coli sepsis in dogs. Crit Care Med 2004; 32:184-193. 58. Mink SN, Gonzalez X, Duke K, Bautista E, Tan L. Advantages of a new surgical system used for lung volume reduction surgery in a canine model of predominantly upper lobe emphysema. Chest 2004; 125:633643. 59. Fitzgerald JM, Becker AB, Sears M, Mink SN, Chung K, Math JL, and the Canadian Asthma Exacerbation Study Group. Doubling the dose of budesonide versus maintenance therapy in asthma exacerbations. Thorax 2004; 59: 550-556. 60. Mink SN, Simons FER, Simons KJ, Becker AB, Duke K. Constant infusion of epinephrine, but not bolus treatment, improves hemodynamic recovery in anaphylactic shock in dogs. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 2004; 34:1776-1783. 61. Jacobs H, Mink SN, Duke K, Bose D, Cheng ZQ, Howlett S, Ferrier G, Light RB. Characterization of surface membrane N-glycan binding sites of lysozyme for myocardial depression in sepsis. Intensive Care Medicine 2005; 31:129-137. 62. Mink SN, Bose R, Roberts DE, Jacobs H, Duke K, Bose D, Cheng ZQ, Light RB. Lysozyme binding to endocardial endothelium mediates myocardial depression by the nitric-oxide guanosine 3’,5’ monophosphate pathway in sepsis. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2005; 39: 615-625. 63. Buduhan G, Tan, Kasian K, Mink SN. Volume reduction surgery impairs immediate post-operative pulmonary function in canine emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 174:1310-1318, 2006. 64. Mink SN, Kasian K, Jacobs J, Cheng ZQ, Light RB. N,N’ – diacetylchitobiose, an inhibitor of lysozyme, reverses myocardial depression and lessens norepinephrine requirements in Escherichia coli sepsis in dogs. Shock 29: 681-687, 2008 ( 2007 Sep 20; [Epub ahead of print] 13 Steven N. Mink, MD 65 Mink SN, Zhao-Qin Cheng, Bose R, Jacobs H, Kasian K, Roberts DE, Light RB. Lysozyme, a mediator of sepsis, impairs cardiac adrenergic response by non-endothelial release of nitric oxide and inhibitory G protein signaling. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 293: 3140-3149, 2007. 66. Mink SN, Kasian, K, Santos-Martinez LE, Bose R, Cheng ZQ, Jacobs H, Bose R, Jacobs J, Light RB. Lysozyme, a mediator of sepsis that produces vasodilation by hydrogen peroxide signaling in an arterial preparation. Am J Physiol Heart and Circ Physiol 294: H1724-H1735, 2008 [2008 Feb 8; [Epub ahead of print]. 67. Mink SN, Jacobs H, Cheng ZQ, Kasian K, Santos-Martinez LE, Light RB. Lysozyme, a mediator of sepsis that intrinsically generates hydrogen peroxide to cause cardiovascular collapse. Am J Physiol Heart and Circ Physiol 297: H930-H938, 2009 [2009 Jun 19. pub ahead of print] 68). Mink SN, Jacobs, H, Gotes J, H, Kasian K, Cheng ZQ. Ethyl-gallate, a scavenger of hydrogen peroxide that inhibits hydrogen- peroxide signaling in vitro, reverses hypotension in canine septic shock. J Appl Physiol 110: 359-374, 2011. 69). Gotes, J, Jacobs, Kasian K, Cheng ZQ, Mink SN. Benefits of ethyl gallate vs norepinephrine in the treatment cardiovascular collapse in Pseudomonas aeruginosa septic shock in dogs. Crit Care Med. 2011 Oct 20. [Epub ahead of print] 70). Gotes J, Kasian K, Jacobs H, Cheng ZQ, Mink SN. Mechanisms of systemic vasodilation by lysozyme-c in septic shock. J Appl Physiol. 2011 Nov 17. [Epub ahead of print]. 71). Mink SN, Maycher B. Comparative manifestations and diagnostic accuracy of high-resolution computed tomography in usual interstitial pneumonia and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia. Curr Opin Pulm Med 18: 530-534, 2012. 72). Gotes J, Kasian K, Jacobs H, Cheng ZQ, Mink SN. Lysozyme, a mediator of sepsis that deposits in the systemic vaculature and kidney as a mechanism of acute organ dysfunction. Shock. 41(3):256-65, 2014. 73). Mink SN, Chowdhury SKR, Gotes J, Cheng ZQ, Krika K, Fernyhough P. Gentisic acid sodium salt, a phenolic compound, is superior to norepinephrine in reversing cardiovascular collapse, hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction and lactic acidemia in Pseudomonas aeruginosa septic shock in dogs. Submitted to Shock. IV. Contributed Papers in Published Conference Proceedings and Abstracts 1. Mink, S.N. and L.D.H. Wood. Site and mechanism of HeO2 enhanced expiratory flow. Clin. Res., 25:714A, 1977. 2. Mink, S.N. and L.D.H. Wood. Effect of gas density on expiratory flow limitation in dogs. Fed. Proc., 37:553, 1978. 3. Mink, S.N. and L.D.H. Wood. How does HeO2 cause increased maximum expiratory flow in excised human lungs? Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 117:375, 1978. 4. Light, R.B., S.N. Mink, and L.D.H. Wood. Pathophysiology of hypoxemia in bacterial pneumonia. Clin. Res., 26:879A, 1978. 5. Light, R.B., S.N. Mink, and L.D.H. Wood. Pathophysiology of hypoxemia and reduced lung volumes in bacterial pneumonia. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 119:143, 1979. 14 Steven N. Mink, MD 6. Mink, S.N., B. Light, and L.D.H. Wood. Lung mechanics in canine diplococcal pneumonia. Fed. Proc., 38:1331, 1979. 7. Mink, S.N., B. Light and L.D.H. Wood. Effect of PEEP in canine lobar pneumonia. Physiologist, 22:89, 1979. 8. Light, R.B., T.G. Cooligan, K. Duke, L.D.H. Wood, and S.N. Mink. Physiology of recovery in canine lobar pneumonia. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 121:122, 1980. 9. Cooligan, T.G., R. Light, K. Duke, L.D.H. Wood, and S.N. Mink. The effect of volume infusion in canine lobar pneumonia. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 121:122, 1980. 10. Light, R.B., S.N. Mink, and L.D.H. Wood. Unilateral positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) in canine pneumococcal lobar pneumonia. Clin. Res., 28:702A, 1980. 11. Mink, S.N. and L.D.H. Wood. "Choke-point" movement during forced vital capacity deflation in dogs. Physiologist 23:121, 1980. 12. Mink, S.N., J.R. Holcomb, K. Terrell, and W.G. Johanson, Jr. Sequential changes in lung mechanics in a model of diffuse alveolar damage. Clin. Res., 28:702A, 1980. 13. Mink, S.N. and L.D.H. Wood. The effect of increased lung elastic recoil (PEL) and decreased airway resistance (RL) on "choke point" movement in dogs. Fed. Proc., 40:2091, 1981. 14. Mink, S.N. The effect of methacholine induced bronchoconstriction on the airway site of flow limitation in dogs. Physiologist, 23:29, 1981. 15. Mink, S.N. Mechanism of reduced density dependence of maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) during methacholine-induced broncho-constriction in dogs. Fed. Proc., 41:1356, 1982. 16. Whitley, L.G., J.J. Coalson, and S.N. Mink. Bronchiolitis obliterans in a canine model: changes in lung mechanics and an assessment of tests of peripheral airway function. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 125(4):189, 1982. 17. Mink, S.N. Mechanism of reduced maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) in a canine model of pulmonary emphysema (PE). Fed. Proc., 42:1008, 1983. 18. Pyszczynski, D., S.N. Mink, and N.R. Anthonisen. Effect of increased gravitational stress on maximum expiratory flow-volume curve. Fed. Proc., 42:1009, 1983. 19. Mink, S.N., L. Whitley and J. Coalson. Hemodynamics in a canine model of pulmonary emphysema: their relationship to lung mechanics and gas exchange. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 127(4):116, 1983. 20. Jadue, C., H.W. Greville, and S.N. Mink. Mechanism of reduced maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) in a canine model of bronchiolitis obliterans (BN). Fed. Proc., 43:435, 1984. 21. Greville, H.W., M.E. Arnup, S.N. Mink, L. Oppenheimer, and N.R. Anthonisen. Maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) reduction in pneumonectomized dogs. Fed. Proc., 43:435, 1984. 22. Light, R.B. and S.N. Mink. Distribution of systemic blood flow in experimental gram-negative bacteremia. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 129(4):A98, 1984. 23. Greville, H.W. and S.N. Mink. Variability in the response to breathing 80:20 helium-oxygen at different lung volumes in induced bronchoconstriction in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 129(4):A249, 1984. 15 Steven N. Mink, MD 24. Jadue, C., H.W. Greville, and S.N. Mink. Mechanism of preserved density-dependence of maximum expiratory flow in a canine model of peripheral airways disease. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 129(4):A257, 1984. 25. Mink, S.N., H. Unruh, and L. Oppenheimer. Vascular and interstitial mechanics in canine pulmonary emphysema. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 129(4):A330, 1984. 26. Light, R.B. and S.N. Mink. Distribution of systemic blood-flow in experimental gram negative bacteremia. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 129:249, 1984. 27. Gomez, A and S.N. Mink. Right ventricular performance during acute hypoxic hypoxia in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 131(4):57, 1985. 28. Gomez, A., K. Duke and S.N. Mink. Effect of hypoxic hypoxia on left ventricular mechanics in dogs with pulmonary emphysema. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 131(4):57, 1985. 29. Greville, H.W., A. Gomez and S.N. Mink. Expiratory flow limitation in dogs which nonhomogeneous airway obstruction is produced. Fed. Proc., 44:838, 1985. 30. Mink, S.N. and H. Greville. Forced expiration in a canine model of non-uniform airflow obstruction. Fed. Proc., 45:314, 1986. 31. Gomez, A., J. Eng, and S.N. Mink. Effect of aminophylline on hypoxia induced decrease in ventricular diastolic compliance in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 133:A302, 1986. 32. Gomez, A., H. Unruh, and S.N. Mink. Left ventricular end-systolic pressure dimension relations in awake and anesthetized dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 135:113, 1987. 33. Gomez, A. and S.N. Mink. Effect of acute respiratory acidosis on hypoxia-induced increase in ventricular diastolic stiffness in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 135:113, 1987. 34. Mink, S., Gomez, A., and J. Eng. Effect of inhaled atropine on maximum expiratory flow (Vmax) in dogs. Fed. Proc. 46:512, 1987. 35. Gomez, A., H. Unruh, R.B. Light, D. Bose, T. Chau, J. Eng, and S. Mink. Hemofiltration reverses left ventricular systolic dysfunction during E-coli bacteremia in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 137:114, 1988. 36. Mink, S., A. Gomez, H. Unruh, and J. Eng. Stroke-volume is reduced in dogs with chronic but not acute emphysema. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 137:471, 1988. 37. Mink, S., A. Gomez, R.B. Light, H. Unruh, and J. Eng. How does afterload reduction with hydralazine increase stroke-volume in dogs? Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 137:139, 1988. 38. Anthonisen, N.R., S.G. Holtby, D. Berezanski, and S.N. Mink. Inhomogeneity of lobar emptying after postpneumonectomy lung growth. FASEB Abstract, 2:A1698, 1988. 39. Holtby, S., D. Georgopoulos, A. Gomez, L. Oppenheimer, D. Berezanski, N.R. Anthonisen, and S. Mink. Non-homogeneity of lobar emptying during forced deflation in a canine model of compensatory lung growth. FASEB 3:1302, 1989. 40. Mink, S., D. Georgopoulos, A. Gomez, and J. Eng. Lobar emptying during partial and vital capacity forced deflation in non-homogenous airflow obstruction in dogs. FASEB 3:1302, 1989. 41. Eng, J., W. Ruining, A. Gomez, H. Jacobs, D. Bose, T. Chau, H. Unruh, R.B. Light, and S. Mink. Myocardial depressant factor is found in the 10,000 to 30,000 molecular weight fraction of plasma in E. coli septic shock in dogs. Am Rev Respir Dis 139:19, 1989. 16 Steven N. Mink, MD 42. Gomez, A., J. Eng, R. Bose, I. Krampetz, and S. Mink. Amiloride potentiates hypoxia-induced left ventricular stiffness in dogs. Am Rev Respir Dis 139:21, 1989. 43. Correa, E., A. Gomez, H. Unruh, J. Eng, S. Mink, and W. Kepron. Left ventricular systolic performance is depressed in IgE mediated anaphylactic shock in dogs. Am Rev Respir Dis 139:21, 1989. 44. Gomez, A., J. Eng, H. Unruh, and S. Mink. Altered left ventricular isovolumic relaxation accompanies stroke-volume reduction after one year of pulmonary emphysema in dogs. Am Rev Respir Dis 139:120, 1989. 45. Georgopoulos, D., L. Oppenheimer, N.R. Anthonisen, and S. Mink. How is maximal expiratory flow (Vmax) reduced in postpneumonectomy (PP) lung growth in dogs? FASEB, 4:A288, 1990. 46. Yu, J., R. Bose, S. Mink, W. Kepron, and E.J. Cragoe. Mechanism of blocking effect of amiloride on ragweed-induced tracheal smooth muscle contraction in dogs. FASEB, 4:A614, 1990. 47. Wang, R., H. Jacobs, D. Bose, T. Chau, H. Unruh, R. Light, and S. Mink. Analysis of biochemical nature of myocardial depressant factor (MDF) in E. coli sepsis in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis. 141:139A, 1990. 48. Mink, S. and A. Gomez. Increased left ventricular (LV) diastolic stiffness and decreased emptying occur after 1 year of pulmonary emphysema in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 141:43A, 1990. 49. Correa, E., H. Unruh, S. Mink, and W. Kepron. Reduced myocardial blood flow does not contribute to depressed left ventricular contractility in anaphylactic shock in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 141:774A, 1990. 50. Kepron, W., E. Correa, H. Unruh, K. Duke, and S. Mink. Different effects of blockers of mediators of anaphylaxis on cardiac hemodynamics during ragweed challenge in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 143(4):A779, 1991. 51. Georgopoulos, D., S. Mink, L. Oppenheimer, and N. R. Anthonisen. Increased lobar frictional resistance and altered dynamic properties of central airways reduce maximum expiratory flow in canine postpneumonectomy lung growth. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 143(4):A353, 1991. 52. Jha, P., R. Wang, R.B. Light, R. Bouchard, D. Bose, H. Jacobs, and S. Mink. Sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release is not depressed in E. coli sepsis in dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 143(4):A683, 1991. 53. Mink, S., H. Unruh, and A. Gomez. Mechanism of increased left ventricular fractional shortening during systemic afterload reduction in conscious dogs. Am. Rev. Respir. Dis., 143(4):A245, 1991. 54. Jha, P, R Wang, J Yang, D Bose, H Jacobs, H Unruh, S N Mink, RB Light. Phenylephrine infusion combined with arteriovenous hemofiltration improves stroke-volume during sepsis in dogs. Am Rev Respir Dis 145:A316, 1992. 55. Wang, R, J Yang, H Jacobs, D Bose, RB Light, S Mink. Biochemical characterization of filterable cardiodepressant substance in canine E.coli sepsis. Am Rev Respir Dis 145:A315, 1992. 56. Wang R, Yang J, Jacobs H, Bose D, Light RB, Mink S. Characterization of filterable cardiodepressant substance by isoelectric focusing techniques in canine E. coli sepsis. Am Rev Respir Dis 147:A102, 1993. 57. Sharma S, W Kepron, H Unruh, K Duke , S Mink. Histamine H1 receptor blockade prevents myocardial depression in IgE mediated canine anaphylaxis. Am Rev Respir Dis 147:A613, 1993. 58. Mink, S. Lobar interaction during maximal deflation in dogs with unilateral emphysema. Am J Respir Crit 17 Steven N. Mink, MD Care Med 149:A225, 1994. 59. Yang, J, R Wang, H Jacobs, D Bose, R B Light, S N Mink. Purification of filterable cardiodepressant substance by high pressure liquid chromatography techniques in canine E. coli sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:A657, 1994. 60. Elkin, J, K Duke, G Price, W Kepron, A Becker, S Mink. Does bolus epinephrine improve systemic hemodynamics during anaphylactic shock in dogs? Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:A1060, 1994. 61. Mink, S. Relative effects of ventricular interdependence and alveolar hypoxia on causing an increase in left ventricular chamber stiffness in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 149:A1063, 1994. 62. Yu, J, and S Mink. Do rapidly adapting receptors induce airway constriction? Proceeding of Third Congress of Federation of Asian and Oceanian Physiological Societies. p 196 G2-9 (O), 1994. 63. J Rosenberg and S Mink. Distribution of alveolar pressures during positive pressure ventilation in dogs with nonhomogeneous airflow obstruction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151: A551, 1995. 64. Yu, J, and S Mink. Role of rapidly adapting receptors in airway constriction. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151: A825, 1995. 65. Elkin, J, A Becker, W Kepron, K Duke, G Price, S N Mink. Bolus-epinephrine treatment impairs cardiac hemodynamics in canine anaphylactic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151: A708, 1995. 66. X. Li, J. Yang, H. Jacobs, D. Bose, R.B. Light, S.N. Mink. Myocardial depressant activity is found in the heart and spleen as well as in plasma of dogs subjected to E. Coli sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 153: A833, 1996. 67. Bands, C., H. Jacobs, D. Bose, K. Duke, G. Price, R.B. Light, S.N. Mink. Effect of norepinephrine on hepatic blood flow and lactate metabolism in E. coli shock in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Medicine 153: A464, 1996. 68. Bands, C., A. Becker, H. Unruh, W. Kepron, K. Duke, G. Price, S.N. Mink. Bolus epinephrine impairs left ventricular systolic function in canine anaphylactic Shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Medicine 153: A468, 1996. 69. Mink, S N, A Becker, S Sharma, H Unruh, W Kepron. Myocardial depression is not reversed by histamine H1, H2 receptor blockade or eicosanoid inhibition during ragweed challenge in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Medicine 702, 1997. 70. Mink, S, X Li, J Yang, K Duke, D Bose, H Jacobs, R B light. Histamine H3 receptor blockade improves cardiac output in E coli sepsis in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Medicine 155: 702A, 1997. 71. Bands, C, H Jacobs, D Bose, K Duke, R B Light, X Li, J Yang, S N Mink. Modulation of hepatic blood flow by vasopressors fails to improve hepatic lactate metabolism in E coli septic shock in dogs. Am J. Respir Crit Care Medicine 155: 702A, 1997. 72. Mink, S.N. A. Becker, H. Unruh, W. Kepron. Effects of mediators of anaphylaxis on partitioned pulmonary vascular resistance during ragweed shock in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Medicine 155: 702A, 1997. 73. Eschun, G., X Li, J. Yang, D. Bose, H. Jacobs, RB Light, S. Mink. Histamine H3 receptor blockade improves left ventricular contractility in E. coli sepsis in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 157:A689, 1998. 74. Chrusch, C., W. Kepron, H. Unruh, SN Mink. Comparative effects of histamine H1, H2, H3, receptor blockade on left ventricular systolic performance in anaphylactic shock in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 18 22 Steven N. Mink, MD 157:A102,1998. 75. Bautista, E., A. Becker, K. Duke, M. Tillet, E. Simons, K. Simons, S. Mink, W. Kepron. Effects of different routes of epinephrine administration on hemodynamic recovery in anaphylactic shock in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 159, 520A, 1999. 76. Li, X., D. Bose, RB Light, H. Jacobs, SN Mink. Interaction between Histamine H3 Receptors and 2 Adrenoceptors on modulating myocardial function in experimental sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 159, 246A, 1999. 77. Chrusch, C, E Bautista, G Eschun, K Duke, SN Mink. Lactate metabolism during acute hyperlactatemia in E coli septic shock in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 159, 614A, 1999. 78. Bautista, E, A Becker, K Duke, E Simons, K Simons, S Mink, W Kepron. Limited utility of intramuscular epinephrine in the treatment of hemodynamic collapse in experimental anaphylactic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 161: A549, 2000. 79. Chrusch, C, E Bautista, G Eschun, K Duke, SN Mink. PH dependence of organ metabolism of lactate in septic and nonsseptic dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 161: A879, 2000. 80. Eschun, G, E Bautista, K Duke, SN Mink. Effect of histamine H3 receptor blockade on venous return and splanchnic hemodynamics in sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 161: A885, 2000. 81. Bautista E, K Duke, A Becker, E Simons, K Simons, W Kepron, SN Mink. Effects of repetitive allergen challenges on hemodynamics and epinephrine response in anaphylactic shock in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 163: A136, 2001. 82. Chrusch C, E Bautista, G Eschun, K Duke, SN Mink. Effect of sodium acetate infusion on lactate metabolism in septic shock in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med: 163: A456, 2001. 83. Mink SN, Gonzalez X, Krika Duke, EG Bautisa, L Tan. Development of a canine model of upper lobe emphysema used for the evaluation of a novel implantable device for lung volume reduction surgery. Chest 120: 157S, 2001. 84. Mink SN, D Bose, Z Cheng, H Jacobs, RB Light, K Duke. Lysozyme reduces the cardiac response to neural sympathetic stimulation in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165: 172, 2002. 85. Z Cheng, D Bose, H Jacobs, RB Light, K Duke, SN Mink. Septic plasma attenuates the cardiac response to neural sympathetic stimulation in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165: 172, 2002. 86. SN Mink, A Becker, K Duke, M Tillett, E Simons, K Simons, W Kepron. Early administration of bolus epinephrine fails to improve cardiovascular collapse in ragweed sensitized dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165:B29 ,2002. 87. SN Mink, X Gonzalez, K Duke, E Bautista, L Tan. Six-month evaluation of a novel implantable device for lung volume reduction surgery in a canine model of upper lobe emphysema. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 165: B12, 2002. 88. Mink SN, Z Cheng, D Bose, H Jacobs, K Duke, RB Light. Sepsis causes presynaptic histamine H3 and alpha2 adrenergic dysfunction in canine myocardium. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 167: A550, 2003. 89. Mink SN, Dillard DH, Gonzalez X, Strokeman WA, Park M, Duke K, De Vore L. Lung volume reduction produced by a removable intrabronchial value in dogs. Chest 124:124S, 2003. 90. Gonzalez, A, Park M, Dillard DH, Strokeman WA, Y S, Coutetil LL, Mink SN. Reliability of an intra- 22 Steven N. Mink, MD bronchial valve anchoring method in a six-month animal study. Chest 124, 142S, 2003. 91. Mink SN, Jacobs H, Duke K, Bose D, Cheng Z, Light RB. N,N’,N” triaceytlcuosamine, an inhibitor of lysozyme prevents myocardial depression in E coli sepsis in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Med 2004; 169: 633. 92. SN Mink, H Jacobs K Duke, D Bose, ZQ Cheng, S Howlett, G Ferrier, RB Light. Characterization of surface membrane N-glycan binding sites of lysozyme for myocardial depression in sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 40. 93. SN Mink, H Jacobs, R Bose, K Duke, D Bose, ZQ Cheng, RB Light. Lysozyme binding to endocardial endothelium mediates myocardial depression by the nitric-oxide guanosine 3’,5’ monophosphate pathway in sepsis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2005; 171: 40. 94. Mink SN, Bose D, Jacobs H, Bose R, Chenq ZQ, Duke K, Light RB. Lysozyme mediates cardiac adrenergic dysfunction by activation of the β3 adrenoreceptor in sepsis. Proceedings of the Am Thorac Soc 3:A648, 2006 95). Mink SN, Kasian K, Jacobs J, Cheng ZQ, Light RB. N,N’ – diacetylchitobiose, an inhibitor of lysozyme, reverses myocardial depression and lessens norepinephrine requirements in Escherichia coli sepsis in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2007: 175 A32. 96). Mink SN, Kasian, K, Santos-Martinez LE, Bose R, Cheng ZQ, Jacobs H, Bose R, Jacobs J, Light RB. Lysozyme, a mediator of vasodilation in sepsis that can be inhibited by a peroxidase and hydroxyl radical scavengers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2008; 177: 577. 97). Mink SN, Jacobs H, Cheng ZQ, Kasian K, Santos-Martinez LE, Light RB. Lysozyme, a mediator of inflammation, spontaneously causes the release of hydrogen peroxide to cause myocardial dysfunction in experimental septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2009; 179: 577. 98). Gotes J, Jacobs H , Kasian K, Cheng ZQ, SN Mink. Hydroperoxides produce vasodilation by activiation of cyclooxygense and potassium channels in the carotid artery of dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181: A1134, 2010. 99). Mink, SN, Jacobs H, Gotes J Kasian K, Cheng Z.Q. Ethyl-gallate, a new treatment of cardiovascular collapse in experimental septic shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 181: A6160, 2010. 100). Gotes, J, Jacobs, Kasian K, Cheng ZQ, Mink SN. Benefits of ethyl gallate vs norepinephrine in the treatment cardiovascular collapse in Pseudomonas aeruginosa septic shock in dogs. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 183: A3864, 2011. 101). Gotes J, Jacobs H , Kasian K, Cheng ZQ, Mink SN. Lysozyme-C Accumulates Within The Vascular Smooth Muscle Layer To Produce Vasodilation In Canine Septic Shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 185;A60)6, 2012. 102). Gotes J, Jacobs H , Kasian K, Cheng ZQ, Mink SN. Lysozyme-c, a mediator of sepsis that can accumulate in the vasculature and kidney tubules leading to systemic vasodilation and activation of renal-inflammatory pathways. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 187: A3039, 2013. 103). Mink SN, Chowdhury SR, Cheng ZQ, Kasian K, Fernyhough P. Hepatic Mitochochondrial Bioenergetics Are Impaired In A Canine Model Of Septic Shock. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 189: A1648, 2014. 104). Mink SN, Chowdhury SKR, Gotes J, Cheng ZQ, Kasian K, Fernyhough P. Gentisic Acid Sodium Salt, A Phenolic Compound, Is Superior To Norepinephrine In Reversing Cardiovascular Collapse, Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction And Lactic Acidemia In Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Septic Shock In Dogs Am J Crit Care Med 191: A2547, 2015. 23 Steven N. Mink, MD V. Books, and Chapters in Books. A Simplified Approach to the Management of Patients with Respiratory Disorders (Computer Program). Mayer Zev Enterprises, LTD. Winnipeg, Manitoba; 1st edition 98, 2nd edition 2002. VI. Patents Awarded US Patent 8,772,339 B2. Awarded July 8, 2014. Ethyl gallate and related compounds as a treatment for sepsis and septic shock. The use ofe thyl gallate, methyl gallate or 3,4 dihydroxybenzoate may also prophylactically treat septic shock via administration to subject before the development of a fall in blood pressure. Canadian Patent 2,428,744 awarded June 25, 2013. Inhibition of lysozyme in treating sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction . Methods and compositions for treating myocardial dysfunction are described. The methods of the invention involve administering an agent that can inhibit lysozyme to an animal in need thereof. Preferred lysozyme inhibitions include chitobiose and chitotriose. US Patent 7402575 (US patent 7,402,575B2 and CA2428744AA). “Methods of treating inflammation”, which teaches methods and compositions methods and compositions for treating myocardial dysfunction or inflammation involving administering an agent that can inhibit lysozyme to an animal or human in need thereof, preferred inhibitors include TAC and chitobiose. This patent covers the basic technology, a method of developing new compounds. VII. Patents under consideration (PCT CA/2010/000221) “Ethyl gallate and related compounds as treatments for sepsis and septic shock”, which teaches the use of related molecules to treat hypotension. (PCT/CA2006/001662) “an inflammatory mediator of cardiac adrenergic dysfunction”. Methods and compositions for treating adrenergic dysfunction by inhibiting the effect of lysozyme-c on the nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine 3’,5’monophosphate pathway in order to prevent cardiovascular collapse in septic shock. (PCT/CA2008/001513; filing date 28 Aug. 2008) “A method of reducing a vasodilatory response using a guanylate cylcase pathway inhibitor or an H2O2 reducing agent”. VIII. Patents also submitted Gentisic acid to treat septic shock. 24