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2809
Advances in Environmental Biology, 6(10): 2809-2814, 2012
ISSN 1995-0756
This is a refereed journal and all articles are professionally screened and reviewed
ORIGINAL ARTICLE
The Effect of Tarragon Extract on Histopathological Changes in Female Rat Ovarian
Tissue
1
Azadeh Ahmadlo, 1Mahmood Najafian, 2Habibollah Johari, 1Hossein Kargar
1
1
Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad university, Jahrom, Iran.
Department of Biology, Darab Branch, Islamic Azad university, Darab, Iran.
Azadeh Ahmadlo, Mahmood Najafian, Habibollah Johari, Hossein Kargar: The Effect of Tarragon
Extract on Histopathological Changes in Female Rat Ovarian Tissue
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Tarragon plant aster family (Asteraceae) that is a multiple of medical expenses. In this study,
tarragon extract on histological structure of the ovaries in rats were studied. Methods:45 male adult Wistar rats
(2.5 months) weighting 190 ± 15 g were used in these experiments. Rats were divided into five groups (n=9)
include: control, sham, experiments 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Control (without drug), sham : rats in this group
received
saline
solution orally
for
14 days
through gavages in
a single
dose
(0.5 ml), experimental 1, 2 and 3 respectively with Tarragon extract in doses 500, 1000 and 2000mg/kg body
weight
orally
for
14
days
through
gavages
in
a
single
dose
(0.5 ml). Groups of rats after treatment for ovarian tissue was dissected and studied parameters include the
number of primary follicles, primordial follicles, corpus luteum and atretic follicles. Results: The results showed
a significant reduction in the number of primordial follicles and the corpus luteum in the experimental group
than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study show that tarragon has harmful effects on
ovarian tissue, so care must be taken in its use during pregnancy.
Key words: Tarragon, Ovary, Tissue, Rat.
Introduction
Chemical largely takes the day, but
complications such as autoimmune phenomena and
the strength of continuous use, the drug has been
indiscriminate and arbitrary and prolonged use of
drugs and in some cases cut consumption, which can
cause other side effects of the disease can be more
dangerous [33]. In recent years the use of herbal
medicines side effects of drugs, researchers
worldwide are shunted [1]. Several studies have
shown that women tend to use herbal medicines are
currently and often repeatedly for various problems
such as anxiety, dysmenorrhea, menopausal
symptoms, menstrual disorders, mood disorders, and
the prevention of osteoporosis, regardless of the
possible side effects of herbs are used. Among the
issues that must be considered when taking herbal
medicines is their teratogenic effects, pregnancy and
birth [24,23]. One of these herbs have traditionally
been used as a tarragon plant in the genus Artemisia
L. Belongs to the Asteraceae family, is an annual and
perennial herbaceous plants of 34 species that are
scattered throughout the country. Such dracunculus
L. Artemisia dracunculus name and English name
Wide dragon, Estragon, Tarragon an automobile in
there, but the crops are planted, and [3]. It has been
used to increase appetite [8]. Tarragon is an effective
free radical cleansing oil [14,16]. The plant, due to
strong antioxidant and free radical cleanup has
protective effects on the liver against harmful agents
and is capable of increased levels of liver enzymes
AST and ALT cut. Tarragon also has anti-fungal and
anti-tumor effects [27]. Tarragon extract as agent for
the treatment of diabetes is also used [8]. Moreover,
it has the effects of anticoagulant and
antihyprlipidemia [27]. Tarragon extract in animal
experiments on mice, could inhibit the effects on skin
carcinogenesis of banzopyron. Also, protecting
against Tarragon property has dangerous rays.
Tarragon routine in order to prevent blood clots,
inflammation,
spasms,
hypertension
and
atherosclerosis (hardening of the artery walls) is
effective. For the tarragon in the U.S. to prevent
atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes and allergy
were used [31]. Tarragon is rich in iodine, volatile
oils, estragol, anethole, terpenes, eugenol, pinene,
limonene, vitamins A and C and mineral salts are
[22, 7]. Fresh tarragon oil, which contains 60 to 70
percent to 3 percent methyl estragol and some
Parametoxy cinnamaldehyde (bitter substance), is.
The important flavonoids are quercetin and routine
Corresponding Author
Mahmood Najafian, Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad university,
Jahrom, Iran.
E-mail: [email protected]
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Adv. Environ. Biol., 6(10): 2809-2814, 2012
[30], which seems to be a potent anticancer and antiatherosclerosis, is related to the plant [18].
Materials and Methods
In all of the research ethics of working with
laboratory animals has been observed. A total of 45
adult female wistar rats weighing 190±15 g and age
were taken two and a half months. A week before the
test was given to the animals to adapt to the new
circumstances. Animals in the experimental
conditions of temperature 22 ± 2 º C º C and 12 hours
light and 12 hours dark cycle were used rodent food
and food and water were free. 0.5ml sample volume
at 9 am each day for 14 days by gavage. For
preparation of extract Tarragon leaves in dry
conditions away from direct sunlight and then the
powder. 50.50 per 500 grams of dried tarragon 96%
ethanol and distilled water were mixed maceration
method and were maintained in vitro for 48 h. Then,
after filtered, using Rotary evaporator, and the dried
extract was evaporated alcohol. During the
experiment the values obtained from the dried extract
was dissolved in distilled water and thus different
doses (500, 1000 and 2000 mg /kg body weight)
were tested for oral administration to rats [13].
The rats were randomly divided into five groups
of nine, including:
Control group (C): The group was kept in
normal without any medication.
Sham group (S): The group that received saline
solution.
Experimental group 1 (E1): a group that received
500 mg/kg body weight extracts of tarragon.
Experimental group 2 (E2): a group that received
1000 mg/kg body weight extracts of tarragon.
Experimental group 3 (E3): a group that received
2000 mg/kg body weight extracts of tarragon.
After the initial period, the rats in all groups
after anesthesia and ovarian tissue dissected out and
were stable in buffer solution of 3%. Using examples
of common practices tissue, cut with a thickness of 5
microns prepared by microtome and stained for
Hematoxylin - eosin were prepared. The number of
primary follicles, primordial follicles, and corpus
lutein and artistic follicles were counted and
quantitative data obtained, presented as mean ± SEM
Significant differences between groups by ANOVA
and Duncan's test at a significance level (P<0.05)
was determined by using SPSS version 15.
Results:
Histological results obtained in this study
showed that the number of primordial follicles in the
group receiving the highest dose Tarragon extract
(2000mg/kg B.W) has decreased compared to the
control
group
and
this
decrease
is
significant(P<0.05)(Figure 1).
Fig. 1: The number of primordial follicles Columns contain at least one letter in common are not significantly
different
Single-layer primary follicles (Unilaminar) in the experimental groups receiving different amounts of
tarragon extract (500, 1000 and 2000mg/kg B.W) is not significantly different than the control group (Figure 2).
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Adv. Environ. Biol., 6(10): 2809-2814, 2012
4
a
Unilaminar follicle(%)
3.5
a
a
3
2.5
a
a
C
S
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
E1
Experimental groups
E2
E3
Fig. 2: The number of single-layer primary follicles Columns contain at least one letter in common are not
significantly different
Multi-layer primary follicle (Multilaminar) in the experimental groups receiving different amounts of
tarragon extract (500,1000 and 2000mg/kg B.W) is not significantly different than the control group (Figure 3).
3
Multilaminar follicle (%)
2.5
a
a
2
a
a
E2
E3
a
1.5
1
0.5
0
C
S
E1
Experimental groups
Fig. 3: The number of multilaminar primary follicles Columns contain at least one letter in common are not
significantly different
The number of corpus luteum in the experimental group received a maximum dose Tarragon extract
(mg/kg2000 B.W) has decreased compared to the control group (Figure 4).
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Adv. Environ. Biol., 6(10): 2809-2814, 2012
6
a
a
a
Corpus luteum(%)
5
a
4
b
3
2
1
0
C
S
E1
Experimental groups
E2
E3
Fig. 4: Number of corpus luteum Columns contains at least one letter in common are not significantly different
Atretic follicles in the group receiving the highest dose Tarragon extract (mg/kg2000 B.W) has increased
compared to the control group (Figure 5).
4
b
Atretic follicle(%)
3.5
ab
3
2.5
a
a
C
S
ab
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
E1
Experimental groups
E2
E3
Fig. 5: Number of atretic follicles Columns contains at least one letter in common are not significantly different
Discussion:
Recent studies have shown that certain herbs can
on all organs and body systems including the
reproductive system also have devastating effects
and contrary to what all the herbs that are useful in
perception [32]. Tarragon herb in traditional
medicine as a remedy rule is binding and the use of
this herb during pregnancy due to the possibility of
abortion is banned [9]. Their results show that the
compounds are potent anti-inflammatory activities
Tarragon [25, 10]. Eugenol, anethole and flavonoids
(quercetin and routine), including important antiinflammatory and antioxidant compounds found in
the leaves of tarragon and is known as ovulation is an
inflammatory process [5, 4] and thus extract its
antispasmodic properties make it anovulation or
decreased. The number of primordial follicles in the
ovaries of the experimental groups treated with
Tarragon extract had significantly decreased
compared to controls. These findings about the herb
tarragon inhibitory effect on cancerous tumors and its
relationship to cell death match. In addition to its
cytotoxic effects on microorganisms Tarragon extract
has been proven, the report states that Tarragon had
strong cytotoxic effects and will cause loss of
bacteria and fungi [21, 16]. Tarragon extract
flavonoids reduces nitric oxide seems to be due to the
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Adv. Environ. Biol., 6(10): 2809-2814, 2012
effects of nitric oxide-producing enzymes and genes
and the nitric oxide can affect many processes,
including cell division, so it can lead to changes in
the rate of change in behavior and a reduction in the
number of cells [28]. ISO enzyme active ovaries
producing nitric oxide in various sectors in which
these activities are controlled by gonadotropins [2].
Nitric oxide in the ovaries of gonadotropin takes
effect, but its effect on the hypothalamus [29]. Place
of nitric oxide-producing neurons in the
hypothalamic GnRH neurons are in close proximity
[2]. Nitric oxide also appears to affect the ovarian
artery [6]. So as mentioned tarragon reduction to
nitric oxide and thus reduces the amount of
gonadotropin hormone in follicle growth are very
effective. It also stated that in the past have shown
that nitric oxide on ovulation and ovarian hormone
inhibition of NO production in the ovary, ovulation
rate in rats greatly reduced [15]. Corpus luteum in
the ovaries of the experimental group than in the
control group had a significant reduction that result
of the research conducted in 2009 by Salah al
Akpantah in 2005 is consistent. The researchers
showed that flavonoids are the major compounds
present in tarragon process to inhibit ovulation in rats
[5, 4]. Ovulation is an inflammatory process [19]. So
part of tarragon in the reduction of the effects of antiinflammatory is from flavonoids content. Mechanism
of inhibition of cyclooxygenase by flavonoids is
reported to inhibit ovulation process [5].
Cyclooxygenase enzyme, an enzyme essential for
follicle rupture and ovulation graph [20]. The
enzyme produced from arachidonic acid to
prostaglandins, makes the cell membrane
phospholipids. Two cyclooxygenase isoenzymes
COX-1 and COX-2 is. Anti-inflammatory
compounds function through inhibition of COX-2 is
applied [26]. Deficiency of the enzyme COX-2, the
reproductive system (ovulation and fertilization) in
rats makes it difficult [11]. Flavonoids also inhibit
the cyclooxygenase enzyme nitric oxide via
inhibition of gene expression as well as the
manufacturer, it can reduce, So the above is quite
logical to reduce the primitive corpus luteum and
follicles.
2.
Conclusions:
18.
According to the survey conducted in this study
can be stated that tarragon has a destructive effect on
the ovarian tissue and the devastating effects of the
active ingredients that make the most of the
flavonoids. As a result of its use during pregnancy
should be considered more carefully.
19.
20.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
21.
22.
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