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North and Central Asia Perspectives on Energy Security and the Sustainable Use of Energy Characteristics of NCA MEMBER COUNTRIES Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan •Total area – 21 million square km ECONOMIC •2011 GDP in NCA is 2.2 trillion US dollars •Average per capita – 9.8 thousand US dollars •10 year average growth rate – 4.9 per cent •Inflation rate in 2011 – 6.3 per cent •Current account balance – 0.6 per cent of GDP •Gross debt – 10 per cent of GDP Characteristics of NCA SOCIAL •Population – 226 million people •Population density – 11 people per square kilometer •Population growth – 1.3 per cent •Human development index (HDI) – 0.689 (medium) •Social component of HDI is stronger than the economic one • Energy security and sustainable use of energy ENERGY SITUATION The NCA region Is richly endowed with energy reserves: •7 per cent of oil (Reserves / Production ratio = 26); •35 per cent of gas (R/P ratio = 97); •22 per cent of coal (R/P ratio = 424). is 100 per cent self-sufficient (all energy imports in 2011 came from within NCA) NCA is a net-exporter of energy resources possesses interconnected energy grid Energy security and sustainable use of energy ENERGY CHALLENGES Energy inefficiency accounts for 30 per cent of energy losses in NCA Energy infrastructure (including interconnected electricity grid) is in obsolete state being in some cases 40 years old and more Power systems of Tajikistan is currently working in isolated regime while Turkmenistan’s system is ringed with Iran’s electric grid Energy trade is hampered due to lack of regional regulatory frameworks and undeveloped power market Necessity of developing interstate transit lines with the regions outside NCA itself Lack of common approach to energy security concept (both national and regional) Potential for regional cooperation Existing Mechanisms (around 10 initiatives in NCA in energy area) Including •SCO •ECO •Eurasec •CAREC programme (ADB financed) •Inogate •Energy Charter Are directed at solving Energy security, energy trade, efficiency, sustainable use of resources issues Major areas that should be addressed through regional cooperation Contingence of national approaches to the problem of regional energy security Creating regional expert mechanism in exploring local opportunities for coordinated international cooperation in energy sphere Highlights of statements to be reflected in the APEF outcome documents • Improvement of energy security is the key element for promoting sustainable development, sustaining economic growth and enhancing political stability • Intergovernmental cooperation plays the leading role in achieving energy security • United Nations System organizations (UNECE, ESCAP, UNDP) play important role in assisting North and Central Asia States in formulation and implementation of energy policy • International financial institutions (World Bank, Asian Development Bank, Eurasian Development Bank, European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Islamic Development Bank), international organizations and donor countries play an important role in achieving progress towards energy security and sustainable use of energy Highlights of statements to be reflected in the APEF outcome documents • The optimal energy mix should rely on the particular circumstances of certain countries • Providing reliable, transparent and comparative statistical data necessary to formulate more accurate policies • Preparedness of member countries to provide assistance in case of disasters • Nurturing behavioral change towards more efficient energy consumption • Further development of national legislation and harmonization of legal and regulatory frameworks in countries • Energy trade is one of the critical elements that can greatly contribute to enhancing energy security NCA countries expressed their interest in reflecting the following in the regional Action Plan a. Development of legal and regulatory frameworks, as well as technical regulations and standards b. Development, application and attraction of relevant advanced technologies c. Attraction of financial resources for implementation of joint largescale investment projects d. Training of energy sector professionals e. Creating an expert mechanism in exploring local opportunities for regional energy cooperation NCA’s vision of energy cooperation with other Asia-Pacific subregions NCA could contribute to sustainable energy development in the APR through implementing large scale coordinated energy projects not only within itself but also together with energy-deficit subregions Thank you! Energy Situation (additional) Subregion’s basic indicators (additional) Sources: Country sources, CIS Statcommittee, IMF