Download The Study of City Technology Innovation Environment Construction

The Study of City Technology Innovation Environment Construction
in the View of System Management
LU Xingqi , ZHANG Hongle
The Management Institute of Zhejiang Wanli University, P.R.China ,315100
[email protected]
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Abstract This article points out that technology innovation environment is the network system to
guaranteeing the realization of technology safeguarding and innovation subject behavior limitation after
analyzing the city technology innovation environment and its structure element, which covers policy,
mechanism, resource, agency services, finance and social culture and etc,. The article holds that the city
technology innovation system accords with the characteristic of system and discusses the connotation of
city technology innovation environment system. According to the role and formation of government in
the technology innovation environment construction, the article puts forward the task of establishing city
technology innovation system evaluation index after concluding the development mode of technology
city in the world.
Key words: city technology innovation environment system management
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1 Introduction
Since 1990s, the academia has had some attention on city technology innovation environment,
among which includes: In the view of development of the Technopole of the World the study on
technology city, such as Manuel Castells and Peter Hall(1993 has been focused on the high
technology center and innovation environment which has the global important technopole as the
studying subject
the study on different levels of regional innovation environment, which is mainly
inclined to the study of regional direct social environment relating with enterprises and enterprise
cluster in the region, and some of the literature deals with more broad innovation environment and
seldom touches study of the regional innovation background outside the region
the study of
dynamic process of regional innovation environment is mainly on the process evaluation rules of
innovation environment, development road or trace. As Gansey (1998) of the Strategy Management
Institute of Cambridge University points out that the process of regional innovation environment of
high technology industry has the characteristic of heredity, while Damanpour and Gopalakrishnan
(1998) study the influence on the region innovation structure by the environment change
the
reciprocity between innovation environment and enterprises in the region(including transnational
corporation and local small and media enterprises) and local environment is the mian content of study
in the regional innovation environment, which is mainly on the study of how the transnational
corporation realize their global management strategy and the combination of local economy
simultaneously, while the local small and media enterprises emphasize particularly on how to perfect
the region environment to realize their innovation
the study of regional whole innovation
environment perfection is mainly on the analysis of the whole environment in the view of local
government so as to improve the overall competence of region economical technology, such as the
study by Maillat(1998) on the relationship between region innovation environment and regional
policy
other scholars study the necessary innovation environment to develop high technology by
using the method of city designing such as the study of Du Kai (2004) on the city designing strategy
to construct technopoll innovation environment. But it is rare to study the city technology innovation
environment construction form the angle of system management.
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2 City technology innovation environment and its structure element
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The external innovation environment is also important to determine the technology innovation
level besides the fundamental strength of scientific research. The city technology innovation
environment is a relatively stable system which is established on the foundation of long-term formal or
informal cooperation and communication among the innovation subjects. The construction of city
technology innovation is a all-round system which involves politics, economy, culture, technology and
education and the relationship among them. When facing such an all-round system, it is hard for the
city innovation subjects to accord with it, so the government should take more actions in the
construction of city technology innovation environment to guarantee full diffluence of innovation
element among all department and promote the reasonable collocation and conformity of innovation
sources.According to different conditions and industry structure, the practices in different cities may be
not the same.
According to a broad definition of technology innovation environment [1] these elements should
be centralized around the production. The environment could be divided into hard
environment(composed of material environment and rigid management and its personal) and soft
environment( composed of human environment and flexible research direction and evaluation system)
according to the standard of entity and rigidity(can be understood as human and nonhuman), among of
which the elements of material environment refers to college buildings, equipment and outlay; and
human environment refers to scientific and human spirit, academic tradition, style of study and
atmosphere of study. The degree of infiltration of hard environment and soft environment decides the
humanized material environment and materialize human environment. There are many factors which
will afflunce technology innovation, but there are discrepancy according to idiographic time and
location, and it is not the same which factors will have the main effect on different technology
personnel and research institute or organization in the innovation process.
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3 The system connotation of city innovation environment
A system is the indiscerptible integrity which is formed by certain connection based on the attribute
of every element. The city technology innovation environment accords with the characteristic of a
system:
(l)Integrity. The city technology innovation environment includes many elements, which should
exist in the integrity of technology innovation environment in conformity.
(2)Hierarchy. The city technology innovation environment , as a integrity including many
interacted elements, can be subdivided into a series of subsystem, such as science subsystem
technology subsystem, economy subsystem, political subsystem and culture subsystem in hierarchy.
(3)Relativity. The composing elements in the city technology innovation environment is interactive
and interconnected. They have some certain relationship, such as the natural environment includes
pollution governance and comfort degree; the policy and culture environment includes policy
environment, legal environment and innovation culture. They all have some kind of connection and
reciprocity with each other.
(4)Objectivity. Apparently, the city technology innovation environment is to serve for the city
technology innovation with its aim to improve the city’s technology innovation capacity and construct
new type innovation environment.
(5)Adaptability. The city technology innovation environment indwell in the natural environment,
economic environment and policy and culture environment with the combination of industry, study and
research. The change of outer environment requires all the elements in the innovation environment
change accordingly.
Based on the analysis above, the city technology innovation system refers to the innovation system
in the certain city, which is formed by the elements such as enterprises, research institutes, universities,
governmental administration department, agencies, legal rules, consumption culture and etc,. the system
has its own innovation capability, special innovation culture and varieties of innovation product. Within
such a city technology innovation system, the subject of technology innovation is enterprises, and the
dominant force of technology innovation is consumers, and the pusher of technology innovation is
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governmental administration department. The knowledge of technology innovation derives from
scientific research institutes . All the elements mentioned above constitutes the city technology
innovation system which includes science subsystem technology subsystem, economy subsystem,
political subsystem and culture subsystem in hierarchy. The main content is showed in the following Fig
1[2]
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market
environment
social
culture
consumer
groups
entrepreneurship
Self-innovation
guidance
research
orientation
talent
cultivation
universities
achieve
-ments
support
promote
government
adminstration
innovatin
system by
enterprrises
promotion
by
enterprisers
support
human power
system
research
instruction
achieve
-ments
promote
service
social intermediate
agency
Fig 1 city technology innovation system
4 The construction mode of city technology innovation environment
The subjects of technology innovation can only get their innovation vigor in certain innovation
environment. The Silicon Valley of U.S. becomes the most developed area in the world because of its
better regional innovation environment which forms “new industry zone”. The technology innovation
environment is the network in which the behavior of the innovation be inspirited and restricted, and the
technology innovation be safeguarded. The network covered policy, mechanism, resources, agencies,
financing, social cultrue and etc,. According to different function and manner of government in the
establishement of technological city, the high-tech city can be concluded into four types of development
mode. (Table 1)[3].
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Mode
Government
compulsory
type
Government
dominant
type
Government
guide type
Free
development
type
Table 1 The main development mode of high-tech city in the world
Classic case
Main
experiences
lessons
measures
Strong government
New city
One first class
novosibirsk state
university and twenty construction, quick
science city
will research and
scientific research
other institutes with
(former USSR)
industry is separate;
production speed
excellent scientists
enterprises is lack of
innovation vigor
Government plans
Research has close
Government and
xinzhu China
theleads the
relationship with
techpoll has some
Taiwan
technology
government , and
conflict of interest
development
private enterprises
is innovation
subject
The local company lack
Transnational
Sofia
Government and
of cooperation with
enterprises
Andipolis(France) universities have big
other companies,
tecknopole, small
function in the early
innovation environment
and medium
construction, then
is not perfect
enterprises hatch
authorize private
center
enterprises to take
commercial
development
Many small and
The quick development
Silicon
Though Stanford
medium enterprises
of commerce and
valley(U.S.)
University and some
are born based on
industry causes lower
millitary services
innovation, lots of
local living quality and
play some role in the
risk fund, innovation high environmental
primary period, it is
culture
pressure
result of the
enterprises free
development
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To say concretely, the development mode of world high-tech city has different characteristics:[4]
The obvious feature of government compulsory type is that the government has compulsory and
absolute in land-selecting, planning and in the city administration. The representative model is the New
Siberian Technology City.
The government dominant type technology city is mainly located in the Asian countries and
territories. The government plays important role in the construction planning, basic construction, land
development, industry arrangement and distribution, investment attracting and social management and
etc,. The mode has difference in essence with government compulsory type that the enterprises is the
subject of technology innovation and market operation, and the role of government is to provide
strategy direction, environment cultivation and services. The the mian promoter in the establishemnt
and development of technology city is government which is the main provider of the capital,land, basic
construction and rules of the technopole, and which is also the framer , superintendent and
implementorof the technopole designing plan. The representative model of government dominant type
is Xinzhu in China Taiwan.
In the government guide mode technology city, the function of the government is more limited
compared with the function of government in government dominant type. The government of this type
only has relatively important role in the early development and industry planning, while the latter
commercial development and industry conglomeration are mainly rested on the enterprises. The
government only has a macro leading role in the development direction, the constitution of policy and
rules and market maintaining. The technology city of Sofia-Antipolice in France is the technology city
of such kind.
Free development type technology city does not only have a small number of its kind. The
representative feature of this kind of technology city is that all the high-tech enterprises can get together
freely in certain areas while the state and local government don’t have obvious guide and administration
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role in the primary establishment and industry development processs.the most representative of this kind
is the Silicon Valley in America.
5 The Evaluation index of city technology innovation environment system
According to the principle of integration and system characteristic and maneuverability of the
evaluation index of city technology innovation environment system,sucn an evaluation index can be
established inculuding knowledge innovation capability, technology innovation capability, system
innovation capability, industry innovation capability, service innovation capability and etc,. the
evaluation index of city technology innovation environment system is showed as table 2.[5]
Table 2 The Evaluation Index of City Technology Innovation Environment System
First Grade Index
Second Grade Index
Third Grade Index
General utilization rate of industrial solid
Pollution governance
waste
Natural environment
City green coverage rate
geniality
Person average greenland
Economy environment
GDP
Cityization level
Proportion of second industry
proportion of third industry
General development
High-tech production value
level
The proportion of high-tech production
value in general industry value
Local fiscal income
Person average fiscal income
Actual foreign investment utilization scale
Person average GDP
Citizen living
City citizen controlable income
condition
Person average consumption payout
Proportion of Actual foreign investment
Economy district
utilization in national gross
position
Export and import amount in national
gross
Internet users per ten thousand people
Telephone users per ten thousand people
Mobile telephone users per ten thousand
Basic transportation
people
and communication facility
Cars users per ten thousand people
Goods turnover amount
Passenger turnover amount
Technology sources
Technology contract dealing sum
Average technology dealing sum per one
hundred people
Patent authorization amount
Total amount of domestic technology
article
domestic technology articles per one
hundred people
Education outlay
Proportion of eduction outlay in GDP
R&D payout total amount
Proportion of R&D payout total amount in
GDP
Enterprises’ research payout sum
Technology personal amount
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Technology personal per one hundred
people
Policy environment
Policy and cultural
environment
Legal environment
Innovation culture
Local technology outlay
Proportion of technology outlayin local
fical payout
Whether the legislatin is healthy
Property protection system
Innovation value tropism
Star-up spirit
Innovation environment
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In the evaluation index of city technology innovation environment system natural environement
is reflected by the factors of envrionment virescence and envrionment governance, and the envrionment
vriescence factor can provide reflection of the comfortability of common environment in the city, while
the factor of environment governance can reflect the envrionment quality from the view of pollution
governanc; the economic envrionment has the token of people’s living factor, economy development
factor and industry structure factor; the city technology innovation basic construction gets its token by
transportation and communication factor and network communication factor; technology resources is
tokened by technology output factor, enterprise investment and patent factor and governmental fiscal
technology devotion facotr; what the innovation culture factor Include, such as innovation value tropism,
start-up spirit and innovation atmosphere are also very important though it is hard to measure them;
what the legal envrionment factor tell is the healthiness ,stabiligy and execution effect of legal system, it
reflects the key condition of whether the technology innovation behavior can succee, especially involves
the technology development, technology transfer and the supervision degree of the execution of
intellectual property law, which is important fot the proctection of interests of all the technology
innovation subjects; the governmental service factor is mainly incarnated in the government’s efficiency
and all the supporting policies for the technology innovation by the government, and in the construction
of technology innovation environement the government has the unsubstitute function.
6 Conclusion
Under the background of construction of innovation city, the city technology innovation
environment has attracted the high attention of local government in China, while facing a series of
difficulties.Firstly, the globilization has been making closer and closer the connection of world
economy, especially new economy .the free flowage of high grade production elements would
probably causes spillover of the local human power, technology and capital, which would extend the
competetor to the global extent. Secondly, the concept of the technology city is relatively new and can
provive little experiences for references, and the region innovation system , especially the system
innovation condition is still juvenile,the innovation environment does not exist. Thirdly, though the
high-tech industry has obvious competition advantage and high appending value, the cost and risk is
high and they have a long cycle of returning. So it needs the adaption and integration of all levels of
social culture to construct a wholly new culture value system; it also requires the investors and
construction-participanth have wholesome risk mind and confidence for the future and the grasp
capability. Its undoubtedly is a new challenge.With the depth of study and practice of innovation
system theory, the interaction between innovation and innovation environment has became more and
more obvious. The construction of better technology innovation environment will get more attention
from the leaders and technology administration department and the whole society.
References
[1] Kangnian Yan. The Importance of Innovation Enviroment to Technology Innovation[J]. Impact of
Science on Society,2004 4 : 11-13. in Chinese
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[2] Wenming Li. The Study of Governmental Courntermeasures to the Problems in Constructing the
City Technology Innovation System[J]. Journal of Qingdao Technology University(Social Science
Edition) ,2007,23 2 : 6-10. in Chinese
[3] Manuel Castells and Peter Hall.Translatd by Pengfei Li, Qiongying Fan. TheHighTechnology Zone
in the World— The Formation of Industry Conglomeration in 21Century [M].Beijing: Beijing
Science and Engeering University Press, 1998 in Chinese
[4] Xiaorong Shen. Some Thinking on Some Problems of Technological City [J]. Journalof Sichuan
Normal University(Social Science Edition) ,2006 33 3 : 42-46. in Chinese
[5] Zhongmin Lei.The Positive Study of and Commentary on City Technology Innovation
System[J]. City,2007, 2 : 14-19. in Chinese
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The Author can be contacted from Email: [email protected].
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