Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
M & D FORUM Research on Zhengzhou’s Logistics Industry Development Based on Deepening Labor Division GUO Sen School of International Business, Shaanxi Normal University, P.R.China, 710062 [email protected] Abstract: The labor division plays an important role on the economy. Through reviewing the definition and development of logistics, using theoretical models, we make a conclusion that deepening labor division can improve the efficiency of logistics. Analyzing the status and problems of the logistics industry of Zhengzhou, we conclude that Zhengzhou logistics lack of division and advantages. The crucial method of deepening labor division in logistics is that support the development of the third-party and fourth-party logistics. At last, we give some policy recommendations to deepen the labor division of logistics in Zhengzhou City. Keywords: labor division, logistics industry, Zhengzhou 1 Introduction Zhengzhou is an important transportation and communications hub, Beijing-Guangzhou and the Longhai Railway, Beijing-Zhuhai expressway, and even the Hall, State Road 107 and 310 at this intersection, with Asia's largest railway marshalling station Zhengzhou North Railway Station and the country's largest transfer station Zhengzhou East Railway Station, by road, rail, aviation-based integrated transport system of three-dimensional shape. Zhengzhou's location advantages, the existing industrial base and vast consumer market to make it unique development of the logistics industry conditions. In the international logistics industry is considered to be the arteries of the national economy and basic industries, and their level of development as a measure of the degree of modernization of a country or region and is one important indicator of competitiveness, economic development has been hailed as an "accelerator." Zhengzhou proportion of traditional logistics industry, logistics enterprises are small, weak, scattered layout, single function; logistics industry concentration is not high, social, professional, and the low degree of information technology. The economy is not conducive to rapid and sustainable development of Zhengzhou. To enlarge and strengthen the logistics industry in Zhengzhou, many scholars put forward their views. Completion of water that (2006), to promote the rapid development of logistics industry in Zhengzhou, the Government must introduce some supporting policies. Liu Yanliang, Guo Rong-chao (2008), Zhengzhou logistics industry to actively build a modern logistics system of the city to speed up the training and development of logistics. LAI Ming-yong, YANG three (2005) with the new classical economics of the evolutionary path of the logistics labor division, as well as the formation mechanism of modern logistics. But how to start from the perspective of deepening labor division to improve the efficiency of the logistics industry in Zhengzhou, promote its development by leaps and bounds, and truly become a feature of the local pillar industries, few have been addressed, Which is to complete this task in this paper. 2 The Role of the Labor Division on the Economy and the Evolution of Logistics Division 2.1 The general role of the division on economic development 2.1.1 Labor division is the source of economic development Labor division is conducive to social development, development of human society is the history of the evolving labor division history. Labor division is the source of economic development is economic 195 M & D FORUM development. Adam Smith (1776), viewed the labor division have a major impact on the economy, is the source of economic development. He said that the new labor division depends on the expansion of markets, labor division to promote economic progress and the increase in market capacity, and increase market capacity and promote a new labor division, labor division is not only because of economic progress is the result. 2.1.2 Labor division can bring indirect economic Deepening labor division are likely to get, the higher the complexity of social production, the degree of economic and social production of the larger roundabout, intermediate goods used to produce more, leading to the production of the original sector expansion and the proliferation of new industries, bringing roundabout economy. ? U.S. economist Alan Young (Allyn Young, 1928), viewed not only dependent on the level of market capacity, the labor division, in turn, the market is by all the decision whether to participate in the decision-making division, so it is again determined by the level division, and one of the most important degree of labor division in the form of production to strengthen the roundabout and the emergence of new industry. Labor division between industries makes the longer roundabout production chain, but also makes the market size expanded, and expanded market will lead to further expansion of the labor division. 2.1.3 Division can improve the scarcity of resources Earth's resources are limited, however, human economic activities are limitless, which makes the scarcity of resources, more and more serious. Labor division can increase resource utilization, improve resource scarcity. Of the 20th century, 80 years, Rosen (Rosen), Baker, Bolland, Xiaokai, Wong Yau group of economists, represented by super-marginal analysis division of the endogenous decision of individuals selected to analyze the market and price system, how to decide the whole social labor division. It answers the question, in the scarcity of resources is not fixed and different individual decision, the market and price system to determine the level of division of the whole society, thus improving the scarcity of resources. 2.1.4 Labor division can lead to industrial innovation Increasing labor division allows businesses to concentrate on a particular component or part, in order to reduce transaction costs, bringing together all relevant production and management company, leading industry clusters appear. Industrial clusters in the geographical concentration makes the already intricate relationship between businesses have to imitate each other, even more quickly in the cluster of advanced technology and knowledge transfer, leading to knowledge and technology spillover effects, the incremental revenue. At the same time the pressure of competition between enterprises and technological innovation for the deepening labor division provides the internal driving force. Frequent exchanges and cooperation could lead to new technologies, the emergence of new methods, and ultimately lead to industrial innovation. 2.2 The evolution of the logistics division Logistics industry development trend is the evolution of the logistics labor division history. 2.2.1 Logistics initial stage. In the production and management, logistics activities to warehousing, transport, procurement, and other form of partition, and the flow of each firm to take self-sufficient way of independent of each other to complete the logistics activities. 2.2.2 Internal labor division stage. With increased competition among enterprises, reduce production costs by way of relying on profit and more difficult. At this point, companies began to change its internal organizational structure, and found that those who are seen as supporting the role of warehousing, transportation, procurement and other aspects are actually closely related, forming a kind of a new labor division, to achieve the Specialization increasing returns to form by the seller, producer or supplier organizations, production and sales operations for its own needs for first-party logistics logistics activities and by buyers, sellers for sales operations organization of logistics activities in the second party logistics. 196 M & D FORUM 2.2.3 Outside the enterprise division stage. When the professional labor division between the marginal benefit equal to pay the marginal cost of enterprise management, the internal labor division began to reach equilibrium. If you want to break this balance, you need to turn to the internal division of the external market, rely on the corporate market expansion, further deepening the labor division, improve the professional level, thereby enhancing production efficiency. 20th century, 80's, the new market-oriented labor division organizations - the third party logistics to grow up quickly, by an independent supply-side and demand-side in the logistics business, by entering into contractual agreements or form alliances, to provide users with personalized, contract and the socialization of logistics services. 2.2.4 Industrial division stage. 20th century, 90 years, along with the development of logistics technology, business began with the labor division and cooperation downstream firm, that the implementation of the logistics supply chain management. The whole industry chain by deepening labor division between the various enterprises to improve their professional level, and to improve production efficiency. Meanwhile third-party logistics enterprises continue to shift their internal division of the external market, in order to raise professional standards, increase production efficiency. Zuowei the results of modern logistics industry division, fourth party logistics attendant, "it is a supply chain integrator of internal and complementary service providers have different resources, capabilities and technology of integrated management, providing set of solutions. 3 Deepening Labor Division to Promote the Development of the Logistics Industry and the Status of the Logistics Division in Zhengzhou 3.1 The theoretical model of improve efficiency of deepening the logistics labor division Because the concept and institutional reasons, most enterprises in Zhengzhou City, take the self-logistics, third party logistics, and the second party logistics, the logistics division at this stage is to deepen the development of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou City, the third party logistics. Suppose there are two firms, identical in decision-making before the resource endowments are ways to self-logistics. Respectively, X i , Yi on behalf of the production capacity and the ability of logistics enterprise i, are the level of resources l i into the local monotone increasing function; set of each firm's total work time is 1. Can be expressed as X 1 = l1ax , Y1 = l1ay (1) X 2 = l2ax , Y2 = l2ay (2) l1x + l1 y = 1, l2 x + l2 y = 1 (3) Where lix , liy Representing enterprise i to invest time of X, Y, the production of the professional level of X, Y. a > 1 Representing the degree of economic specialization parameter. Based on the above assumptions, if an enterprise does not depend on third-party logistics companies, but by self-logistics to address the internal demand for logistics services, the production function into the time constraints, has been the logistics business - the production transfer function: a 1 X i = 1 − ( Yi ) a , X i , Yi ∈ ( 0,1) Countdown with the first order of demand X i to Yi 197 (4) M & D FORUM 1 dX i = − 1 − ( Yi ) a dYi a −1 • ( Yi ) 1− a a <0 (5) (5) is the marginal conversion rate of X i and Yi , X i is expressed in the opportunity cost of Yi , that is, when an additional unit of Yi , X i must be less volume. Transfer function of the first derivative less than zero, indicating that it is in the XY plane is a negative slope of the curve. Second Order with a countdown on Yi to X i , then d 2 Xi d (Yi ) 2 1 a −1 a = 1 − Y ( ) i a a −1 • ( Yi ) 1− 2 a a 1 a −1 a + 1 − Y ( ) i a a−2 • (Yi ) 2(1− a ) a >0 (6) (6) is a derivative of the marginal conversion rate, the countdown is greater than zero, indicating that transfer function in the X-Y plane is a convex curve of the original point, indicating that each additional unit of Y, X decreased less and less, that the marginal increase conversion rate , that can give up production of more operators X Y, which alone can improve the logistics business logistics productivity. Time constraints in the ability of the logistics business increased, indicating that the enterprise's logistics division increased operating capacity. Logistics demand also shows that enterprises should be entrusted to a third party logistics, not only can improve their production capacity but also to improve the viability of third party logistics. 3.2 Empirical Analysis of development of logistics industry division in Zhengzhou Zhengzhou, in front of the deepening development of the logistics division of the way third-party logistics and the Fourth, then we can use them to represent the degree of development of the logistics labor division, third-party logistics and the Fourth stage is the development of a high degree of Zhengzhou City Logistics high level of industrial specialization, and vice versa. Fourth party logistics and measure the extent of development more difficult, because of their advanced technology and a high-tech logistics personnel, so we can focus on the logistics industry and technical personnel to indirect representation coefficients and fourth party logistics the degree of development of logistics, that is, the disintegration of modern logistics. The specific formula is as follows: LQT = li Li ÷ l L (7) Where LQT technical staff for the logistics industry concentration factor, l i for the region's logistics industry in area i, l the number of technical staff for all areas of the number of industrial and technical personnel, Li technical personnel for the national number of the logistics industry, L for the country the number of technical staff in all industries; if the coefficient greater than 1, indicating that the logistics industry specialization in the region strong, third-party logistics and Fourth above the national average level of development, logistics and industrial division level deep. Because the logistics involved in a wide range of industries, the current value of the statistical standards of logistics have not yet formed a unified standard. We use the transportation, storage and post the data to represent the level of development of the logistics industry. 198 M & D FORUM Year Table I The division level logistics industry in Zhengzhou number of number of number of national number of concentration technical staff transportation, transport, technical staff coefficient of and technical storage and postal storage and and technical logistics technology personnel to all industry technical postal personnel all of industr technical industries in staff in Zhengzhou industry the country staff Zhengzhou technical staff 2007 4 886 285 652 823 000 33 140 000 0.688 76 2006 5 635 269 573 825 000 32 568 000 0.825 19 Source: According to the 2007-2008 "Henan Statistical Yearbook" and 2007-2008 "China Statistical Yearbook" documentation. We know from the table, Zhengzhou City, 2006-2007, logistics and technical personnel concentration were all less than 1, then come to Zhengzhou City, the third-party logistics and Fourth underdevelopment, that is, Zhengzhou City, the low level of the logistics labor division. So now, Zhengzhou City, the main reason behind the logistics industry because of its lack of labor division, industrial and commercial enterprises generally take self logistics mode of operation. Fourth, the logistics labor division conditions in Zhengzhou conclusions and policy recommendations 4 Conclusions and Policy Recommendations of the Logistics Division in Zhengzhou Through this analysis, we have come to deepen the labor division can contribute to the development of logistics industry in Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou City, the logistics labor division and lack of development of third-party logistics and the Fourth lag. Therefore, in order to promote the deepening of Zhengzhou, the logistics labor division must take the following measures: Firstly, develop the Third and Fourth Party Logistics Industry to promote the development of Zhengzhou. Speed up the logistics information technology, network construction, the establishment of logistics information sharing platform. Accelerate service transformation, providing personalized, professional modern logistics value-added services. Encourage the Zhengzhou Nissan Automobile, Zhengzhou Coal Mine Machinery Group, the logistics business and corporate divestiture of assets, set up an independent operation, independent accounting, with a third-party logistics industry characteristics. Yutong Bus Group, and other conditions to encourage large-scale industrial and commercial enterprises to establish upstream and downstream suppliers, distributors, strategic alliances between, build an integrated supply chain to realize the supply logistics, production logistics and distribution logistics combine to improve overall economic efficiency. Secondly, accelerate the reform of enterprises, elimination of barriers to enterprise outsourcing logistics. On the one hand to formulate policies and regulations to encourage companies will now split the logistics assets and personnel, the establishment of autonomous, self-financing and modern logistics company or a joint venture of third-party logistics companies logistics company, logistics companies to participate in the market to promote competition, improve service level. On the other hand to limit the production company run by logistics or logistics systems to facilitate self-built logistics outsourced to third-party logistics enterprises or fourth party logistics companies. Thirdly, industrial and commercial enterprises change their concepts, recognizing the importance of third-party logistics and the Fourth. Government should strengthen the publicity of modern logistics management, enterprise aware of its importance. Enterprises should not take but a small and complete mode of operation should take large special way, so companies should concentrate on their core business needs to outsource to third-party logistics companies and Fourth Party Logistics companies play to their 199 M & D FORUM strengths better to advantage. At last, to expedite the training of modern logistics, the introduction of modern logistics personnel. At this stage in Zhengzhou City, the early stages of logistics development, lack of personnel. Fourth Party Logistics Third Party Logistics and distribution system is needed, business management, marketing, information technology, distribution and network control capabilities with comprehensive high-level personnel. Therefore, universities and research institutions should be encouraged to grant familiar with the logistics basic business training, cross-disciplinary capabilities with logistics management and professional and technical staff, Zhengzhou City, the modern logistics industry to provide personnel support. References [1]. Shuai Bin. Logistics Industry Economics. Tianjin: Science Press, 2007:98-102(in Chinese). [2]. Tian Qing, Zheng Li, Miao Li-xin. Logistics Industry Economics. Nanjing: Nanjing University Press, 2006:56-58(in Chinese). [3]. Li Xuewei, Zeng Jianping, Lu Bo. Theory of China's Logistics Trading Patterns. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2006:112-113(in Chinese). [4]. Zhang Yi, Lu Xingjie. Logistics Labor Division in the View of Economics. Planning and market exploration, 2004, (4):62-63(in Chinese). [5]. Liu Chengkun, Wang Shuying. China's Logistics Industry to Achieve Leap-forward Upgrade Path. China Marketing Economy, 2004, (9):8-11(in Chinese). [6]. Zhao Yuehua, Liu Xin. Zhengzhou Modern Logistics Development and Construction Logistics Park. Zhongzhou horizon, 2008, (7):32-35(in Chinese). [7]. Bi Haishui. Zhengzhou Logistics Problems and Solutions. Journal of Zhongzhou University, 2006, (2) :47-49(in Chinese). [8]. Zhou Qilei. Introduction to Logistics. Beijing: Tsinghua University Press, 2005:234-235(in Chinese. [9]. Yang Chun River, Liyi Song, Yi Hua. Epirical Study of China Regional Logistics Industry Specialization. Beijing Jiaotong University (Social Sciences), 2007 (1):37-40(in Chinese). 200