Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
ANCIENT GREECE – CITY-STATES • After 750 BCE evolved a unique version of city-state • Called polis-major city or town and surrounding countryside • City built on 2 levels: • Top of hill stood acropolis (high city) • Marble temples dedicated to different gods and goddesses • Flatter ground below lay walled city DIFFERENT GOVERNMENTS EVOLVE • Monarchy- first form of government, ruler of polis • Aristocracy- nobles were also military defenders and over time won power from the king • Oligarchy- new middle class emerged, challenged nobles and dominated some city-states SPARTA: A WARRIOR SOCIETY • Dorian invaders settled and built city of Sparta • Set up brutal system of strict control • Boys started training for lifetime in military at age 7 • Women were expected to produce healthy sons for army • Sparta isolated themselves from other Greeks • Patron god: Ares ATHENS • Discontent spread throughout Athens • Slowly moved toward democracy • People appointed Solon archon (chief official) • Limited democracy: only citizens could participate • Citizenship was restricted to land owning men • Boys attended school if they could afford it learned to read write, study music, memorized poetry, and studied public speaking PHILOSOPHERS • Socrates: Athenian stonemason and philospher, wrote no book, Socratic method • Put on trial and sentenced to death penalty • Plato: Socrates student, rejected Athenian democracy and left for 10 years • Came back and created school called Academy where he taught reason • Aristotle: Plato’s most famous student set up school called Lyceum ART AND ARCHITECTURE MONUMENTS SCULPTURES • Displayed perfect balance • Most famous: Parthenon • Temple built on acropolis in Athens • Developed new style • Showed natural forms, life like • Most perfect form dedicated to Athena GODS AND GODDESSES • 12 main Olympian gods: • Zeus, Poseidon, Hera, Athena, Aphrodite, Ares, Apollo, Artemis, Hestia, Hermes, Hephaestus, Hades • Zeus and Hera are king and queen of gods • Many myths were created about the gods and goddesses to explain events and everyday happenings LITERATURE TRAGIC DRAMA GREEK COMEDY • Often based on popular myths and • Humorous plays that mocked people legends • Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides 3 famous playwrights • Tragedies were plays that told stories of human suffering, usually ended in disaster or customs • Almost all surviving were written by Aristophanes RECORDING HISTORY • Herodotus known as “Father of History” • Collected information and visited places before recording information • Wrote about Persian war- clear bias to Greek side • Thucydides tried to be fair to both sides • Wrote about Peloponnesian war • Both set standards for future historians: importance of research and avoiding bias PERSIAN WARS • Athens defeated Persians at Marathon • Afterwards asked other Greek city states to join the fight against Persia • Persians came back, defeated small Spartan force • Athenians brought the fight on water, defeated Persians again DELIAN LEAGUE • Athens emerged from Persian wars as most powerful city-state • Organized alliances with other Greek states • Called Delian League after Delos • Athens used its power to create an Athenian empire ATHENIAN DEMOCRACY • Under Pericles Athens was a direct democracy • Citizens take direct role in day to day govt affairs • Believed all citizens regardless of wealth or social class should be able to participate • Began giving stipends to men participating in Assembly and governing Council JURY • Athenians also served on juries • Could have hundreds or thousands of jurors • Citizens over the age of 30 were chosen by lot to serve for a year OSTRACISM • Could vote to banish public figures they saw as threat to democracy • Person with largest votes against him was ostracized • Person would have to live outside city, typically for period of 10 years PELOPONNESIAN WAR • Many Greeks hated Athenian rule • Spartans broke away with other enemies to form Peloponnesian League • Athens could not attack Sparta with navy • Ended Athenian domination of Greek world • While Greeks battled amongst themselves Macedonia began to rise