Download Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

Essential Questions
•
How can the different types of clastic sedimentary rocks be described?
•
How do chemical sedimentary rocks form?
•
What are biochemical sedimentary rocks?
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Vocabulary
Review
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saturated
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clastic sedimentary rock
clastic
porosity
evaporite
Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
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The most common sedimentary rocks, clastic sedimentary rocks, are
formed from the abundant deposits of loose sediments that accumulate
on Earth’s surface.
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Clastic refers to rock and mineral fragments produced by weathering and
erosion. These rocks are further classified according to the sizes of their
particles.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Coarse-grained rocks
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Sedimentary rocks consisting of gravel-sized rock and mineral fragments are
classified as coarse-grained rocks.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Coarse-grained rocks
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Conglomerates have rounded, gravel-sized particles.
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Breccias are composed of angular, gravel-sized particles.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Medium-grained rocks
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Sedimentary rocks that contain sand-sized rock and mineral fragments are
classified as medium-grained clastic rocks.
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Porosity is the percentage of open spaces between grains in a material, such
as rock.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Medium-grained rocks
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When open spaces between grains in a rock are connected to one another,
fluids can move through porous rock such as sandstone. Sandstone layers
can be valuable as underground reservoirs of oil, natural gas, and
groundwater.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Clastic Sedimentary Rocks
Fine-grained rocks
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Sedimentary rocks consisting of silt- and clay-sized particles are called finegrained rocks.
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Fine-grained sedimentary rock has low porosity and often forms barriers that
hinder the movement of groundwater and oil.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Monterey Shale and Hydraulic
Fracturing
Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks
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When the concentration of dissolved minerals in a body of water reaches
saturation, crystals can precipitate out of solution and settle to the bottom.
The resulting layers of chemical sedimentary rocks are called evaporites.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical sedimentary rocks
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The constant evaporation from a body of salt water results in precipitation of
large amounts of salts.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Chemical and Biochemical Sedimentary Rocks
Biochemical sedimentary rocks
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Biochemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the remains of once-living
organisms.
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The most abundant of this type of rock is limestone, which is composed
primarily of calcite.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Biochemical sedimentary
rocks
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After the death of organisms that
used calcium carbonate to make
their shells, the shells settle to
the bottom of the ocean and can
form thick layers of carbonate
sediment.
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During burial and lithification of
the carbonate sediment formed
from the shells of once-living
organisms, calcium carbonate
precipitates out of the water,
crystallizes between the grains of
carbonate sediment, and forms
limestone.
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Types of Sedimentary Rocks
Review
Essential Questions
•
How can the different types of clastic sedimentary rocks be described?
•
How do chemical sedimentary rocks form?
•
What are biochemical sedimentary rocks?
Vocabulary
• clastic sedimentary rock
• clastic
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• porosity
• evaporite
Types of Sedimentary Rocks