Download Energy efficiency indicators in industry

Energy efficiency indicators in
industry
Taller de trabajo del proyecto BIEE / Mesoamérica
Base de Indicadores de Eficiencia Energética
UPME 24-25 Marzo 2015
Bruno Lapillonne, Enerdata
Outline
1. Overall indicators
2. Indicators by branch
3. Data requirements
Energy intensity of industry
Energy intensity of industry: ratio relating the energy consumption of
industry to the value added of industry (koe/€2000)
Decrease of the ratio means that industry requires less energy to
generate one unit (i.e. one euro) of value added
It means that industry use energy more efficiently from an
economic viewpoint
but not necessarily from a technical viewpoint
We will say that industry has improved its energy productivity
Energy intensity of industry can be defined at different levels
depending on the coverage of the industry sector
The definitions are given by the International classification of industrial
branches (ISIC or Nace) where industry is broken down into 4 main
sectors:
Section C: Mining
Section D: Manufacturing
Section E: Electricity, gas and water
Section F: Construction
Trends in energy intensity of industry
Energy intensities of industry, manufacturing and mining: case of Chile
1.20
1.00
koe/ k$2003
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Intensidad Industria
Intensidad Manufactura
Source: BIEE, Ministerio de Energía de Chile
Intensidad Minería
Energy intensity : total industry versus manufacturing
Trends can be quite different between industry total and
manufacturing industry
Variation of the energy intensity in industry (country X)
2,0%
1,5%
1,0%
0,5%
0,0%
-0,5%
2000-2005
2005-2010
2000-2010
-1,0%
-1,5%
Total industry
Manufacturing
6
Outline
1. Basic indicators
2. Indicators by branch
3. Data requirements and sources
Advanced indicators for industry
 Intensity by branch (koe/$2000, koe/$2000p)
 Specific energy consumption (koe/ton)
8
Sectoral energy intensities in industry
Energy intensity by industrial branch are calculated as a ratio relating
the energy consumption of the branch and its value added of industry
(koe/€2000)
Requires energy consumption and value added by branch at constant
prices with similar classifications
Exist an international classification of manufacturing branch that is
used in more and more countries
Manufacturing industry by branch: international
classification(ISIC / Nace)
Nace code (2 digits)
15-16
Food (15) and tobacco (16)
17-19
Textile (17), Wearing apparel (18) and Leather (19)
20
Wood
21-22
Paper (21) and printing (22)
24-25
Chemicals (24), Rubber & plastics (25)
26
Non metallic Minerals
27
Primary metals (steel, non ferrous)
28
Fabricated metallic products
29
Machinery and equipment
30-33
Office equipment (30), electrical machinery (31),
communication equipment (32), optical (33)
34-35
Motor vehicles (34) and transport equipment (35)
36-37
Others (furniture,...)
Refineries and coking plants (Division 23) excluded;
Breakdown of the energy consumption by industrial branch:
case of Brazil
Increasing relative share of food industry: sugar, processed and frozen products;
Decreasing share of primary metals and chemicals (less investments and more
imports)
Energy consumption of manufacturing by sub-sector in Brazil
2000
2012
Food
Textile
9%
9%
21%
2%
35%
11%
5% 6%
11%
Paper
28%
Cement
29%
6%
6% 9%
Chemicals
1%
12%
Ceramics
Primary metals
including iron-alloys
Other manufacturing
Source: BIEE EPE
11
Sectoral energy intensities: case of Uruguay
Energy intensity by branch (koe per $2000) (Uruguay)
0,07
0,06
2000
2010
0,05
0,04
0,03
0,02
0,01
0
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Specific energy consumption of energy intensive
products: case of Chile
Copper is very intensive in Chile and its specific energy consumption is increasing
due to less concentrated ores
Using a double scale or showing each product separately enables to better see the
trends by product
Specific energy consumption (toe/ton)
0.700
0.600
Toe/ ton
0.500
0.400
0.300
0.200
0.100
0.000
2000
2001
2002
Intensidad Papel y celulosa
2003
2004
2005
Intensidad Acero
2006
2007
Intensidad Cemento
Source: BIEE, Ministerio de Energía de Chile
2008
2009
2010
Intensidad Cobre
Specific energy consumption of steel in Brazil
 Decreasing specific energy consumption of steel
0,700
0,600
toe/tonne
0,500
0,400
0,300
0,200
0,100
0,000
Steel
1990
Source: EPE
2000
Source: BIEE/EPE
2010
2012
Benchmarking of energy efficiency perfomance among EU countries:
case of ODYSSEE

Need to compare performance with homogeneous product (e.g. clinker,
the energy intensive component of cement, or mechanical pulp or oxygen
steel)

If heterogeneous product or if there exist different production process,
need of benchmarking on a similar mix of product and process (e.g. steel,
cement, paper)


In ODYSSEE graphical benchmarking with the specific consumption
in the vertical axe and the process mix in the horizontal axe
Distance to the world benchmark line indicate the potential of
improvement
In industry, the best world practices are no longer found in the
most developed countries
Average energy consumption per ton of steel (2004)
0,8
0,7
South Africa
0,6
Ukraine
Russia
Brazil
China
India
Comparison
should be made at
similar process
mix
toe/t
0,5
Australia
0,4
Argentina
Japan Canada
Taiwan
0,3
EU
0,2
World benchmark
0,1
Distance to benchmark:
energy savings potential
Mexico
Korea USA
Thailand
Egypt
Turkey
0
0%
20%
40%
60%
% electric steel
Source: Enerdata
80%
100%
Outline
1. Basic indicators
2. Advanced indicators
3. Data requirements and sources
Data and indicators: industry
• Value added at constant price by
industrial branch;
• Production index by industrial
branch;
• Physical production for energy
intensive products*;
• Final energy consumption by
industrial branch;
Data
*steel, cement, aluminium, copper,
ferroalloys,
sugar, iron mining, potassium, ceramics, gold mining
INDICATORS
• Energy intensity by branch*
• Unit consumption by intensive
products;
• Energy intensity at constant
structure*;
18
Activity data in industry : overview
Activity data by branch are usually collected by National Statistical
Offices
The branch covered follows at national level national classifications
that are usually adapted from international classifications:
Published by National Statistical Offices often in current prices,
sometimes also at constant price
If constant price not available, data may be given with price index by
branch and/or index of volume by branch  can be used to calculate
value added values at constant price
Energy consumption by branch: main sources
Different sources of information are available:
 The most comprehensive sources are industrial surveys;
 The other source is administrative , i.e. the administration;
requires utilities and/or consumers to provide the information;
 Modeling may be used to complete the information for
intermediate years;
 Metering relate to audits data that can only be used at national
level if the sample is representative.
National energy consumption by branch: overview of
sources
 According to an IEA consultation covering mainly OECD countries,
industrial surveys represented about half of the sources of national energy
consumption statistics by branch in a sample of 22 countries;
 The other main source is administrative (about one fourth)
 30% of countries rely on more than one method
0%
22%
Surveys
Administratives
52%
26%
Source: AIE survey 2011 (march 2012),
Modeling
Metering
Main lessons from indicators in industry
Moderate and unequal coverage of indicators by industry sub –sector;
The main problems encountered are:
1. Lack of energy consumption by branch in 5 countries ( Argentina Honduras,
Nicaragua, Panama, Guatemala).
2. Incomplete coverage of industry sector in official statistic (“zone franca”)
3. Lack of harmonized classification by industry sub sector between value
added and energy consumption : many countries only provide energy
consumption for selected energy intensive production that do not fit the
ISIC classification used for VA (case of Brazil, Chile and Mexico) 
impossibility to calculate the effect of changes in the structure of industry .
4. Production index defined at a more disaggregated level than required in
the template  “aggregation” of the index to be done using weight and
not arithmetic average (example shown in an excel file “index average.xls)
5. Lack of specific consumption for energy intensive products (i.e. steel,
cement, cement, paper) because of confidential data on consumption
and/or production (not enough companies) (e.g. Uruguay)