Download 2012 - Physics-Life Sciences Opportunities (NIH)

US Opportunities at the
Intersection of Physical
and Life Sciences
Jonathan Franca‐Koh
Program Manager
Physical Sciences‐Oncology Centers (PS‐OC) Program,
Office of Physical Sciences Oncology (OPSO),
Office of Physical Sciences –
Oncology (OPSO)
CSSI, OD, NCI, NIH
In the U.S., Cancer Continues to
Represent an Enormous Burden
•
569,490 Americans died of cancer in 2010
•
1 529 560 Americans
1,529,560
A
i
will
ill be
b diagnosed
di
d with
ith cancer this
thi year
•
$124.6 billion in 2010 for cancer healthcare costs
Unlike Other Major Disease Killers, Cancer Continues to
Take Nearly the Same Toll as it did in 1950
Death
h Rates Per
100,00
00 Americans
s
600
586.8
1950
2008
500
400
300
203 1
203.1
200
100
193.9 186.2
180.7
44
48.1
18.5
0
Heart
Diseases
Cerebrovascular
Diseases
Pneumonia/
Influenza
Cancer
Source for 2010 deaths and diagnoses: American Cancer Society (ACS) 2010 Cancer Facts & Figures; Atlanta, Georgia
Source for 2008 age-adjusted death rate: National Center for Health Statistics, NCHS Public-use file for 2008 deaths.
Global Burden: By 2020, Cancer
Mortality 10 M/yr (Incidence 16 M/yr)
Source: IACR, WHO
Limited Progress in Reducing Cancer
Death Rate
(Per
(
100,0
000 Age A
Adjusted)
Mortality
M
y
600
500
Heart
400
300
Cancer
200
100
1970
1975
War on
Cancer
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
4
Merging Physical & Life Sciences
“New Biology”
– 2009
“Intersection
of the
Physical &
Life Sciences
– 2010
A “Conference on Research at the Interface of the Life
and Physical Sciences: Bridging the Sciences” was
conducted on November 9, 2004, in Bethesda, MD.
The meeting, sponsored by NIH/NIBIB and NSF, to
obtain community input on how to bridge the life and
physical sciences.
“Bringing
Bringing physics
physics, not just the physicists,
physicists
to biology” – Harold Varmus, NIH Director
Centennial Speech, APS March Meeting, 1999
Susan Hockfield, MIT President,
Science, 2009
“In biomedicine,…we can harness the historic convergence between life sciences and
physical sciences that's underway today; undertaking public projects -- in the spirit of the
Human Genome Project -- to create data and capabilities that fuel discoveries in tens of
thousands of laboratories; and identifying and overcoming scientific and bureaucratic barriers
to rapidly translating scientific breakthroughs into diagnostics and therapeutics that
serve patients…”
– President Obama, NAS Speech, April 2009
Including Unique ‘Perspectives’
Shigeo Fukuda
Including Unique ‘Perspectives’
that Add Insight
Shigeo Fukuda
Merging “Perspectives” – the whole is
more than the sum of its parts
Physical Scientist
Cancer Biologist
How much energy is
needed to do this?
How much force does it
take to cross this barrier?
Are reactions rates altered
during this process?
How much time does it
take?
What are the spatial
effects?
ff
?
What cell, molecule,
tissue is it?
What changed?
Where does this fit?
Do I see the same
thing in several
tumors?
Different ‘views’ of the same picture
Having
H
i
b
both
h perspectives
i
yields
i ld a more comprehensive
h
i
(clearer) picture of what cancer is and how it functions at all
levels – especially at the sub-molecular/atomic scales
Bringing In New Perspectives:
Brainstorming with Experts
Consensus Scientific Themes
Understanding the Physics of Cancer
Evolution and Evolutionary Theory in Cancer
Coding, Decoding and Transfer of
Information in Cancer
“De-convoluting” the Complexity of Cancer
Consensus Needs
Establish trans-disciplinary physical
sciences-oncology centers
Centers composed of integrated physical
sciences-oncology teams
Focus on theme(s) for center framework
~300 extramural participants
Centers led by physical scientists with cosenior investigator(s) from cancer
biology/oncology
PS-OC Network: Physical scientists & cancer
biologists/oncologists
integrated
from the start
g
g
g
Liphardt Weaver
UC Berkeley
Hillis
O’Halloran Licht
Northwestern
Shuler Hempstead van Oudenaarden Jacks
MIT
Cornell
Agus
Michor Holland
USC
DFCI
PS--OC Network
PS
Scripps
Kuhn
Davies
Austin
Bethel
ASU
Grady
y
Princeton
TMHRI
Ferrari
Curley
y
Moffitt
Gatenby
y Gillies
Tlsty
Johns Hopkins
Wirtz
Semenza
PS-OC Network: 50+ Institutions
in the U.S. and Beyond
Eran Segal, Weizmann
Institute – Investigator
Northwestern PS-OC
Alexander Van Oudenarden and
Hans Clever, Hubrect Institute –
Investigators MIT PS-OC
Timothy Newman and Alastair
Thompson, University of Dundee
– Investigators ASU PS-OC
Philip Maini, University of Oxford
– Investigator Moffitt PS-OC
PS-OC Operation: Interactions Inside and
Outside of Network
PS-OC Network
External
Research
Communities
PS-OC
Organizing Framework
Project
1
Project
2
Project
3
Project
4
Core B
Core A
Education and Training Unit
Pilot
Projects
Trans-Network
Admin Unit
Core B
Core A
Project
P
j t
1
Project
P
j t
2
Project
P
j t
3
Project
P
j t
4
Trans-Network
Admin Unit
Pilot
Projects
Organizing Framework
PS-OC
Outreach
Projects
TransNetwork
Projects
Trainee Exchange
Education and Training Unit
Outreach and
Dissem Unit
Outreach and
Dissem Unit
Outreach
Projects
Tumor, Cancer, and Metastasis
““…>90%
>90% of deaths is caused
ca sed b
by
disseminated disease or metastasis…”
Serous ovariaan
Lungg
squamo
ous
GBM
Cancer:
A Disease of the Genes!
GBM: 400 cases, Lung squamous: 113 cases, Serous ovarian : 486 cases
Cancer:
A Disease of Pathways!
Cancer: A Disease of Biomarkers and
Microenvironment!
Phosphoprotein Expression and Postsurgical
Ischemia:
Case A
pMAPK Immunostaining (Ventana)
Case B
10 min
Change of pMAPK expression
after 10-20 min cold ischemia
20 min
60 min
Slide Compliments of Dr. Hartmut Juhl,
Indivumed GmbH, Hamburg
Perspective: Critical to Think in Terms of
Space and Time
Theme: Physical Laws and Principles
– New Conceptual Approaches
Force
Force
Force
Force

Biology is not exempt from
physical laws and principles

Forces (shear, compressive,
pressure, etc.) are
experienced by metastatic
cells

Quantify, catalog, and
determine impact and
outcomes of forces
Force

Primary tumor “leak”
leak cancer cells into vasculature and establish secondary sites

Well-known to be an inefficient process (0.01%) ~1
million cells per day!
Cell Mechanics: An Emerging Field With
Potential Intersection with Cancer
Manuscripts
Citations
Statistics generated using Web of Science with keywords “cell mechanics” and “cancer”
PS-OC Network Research:
Cell Mechanics
Velocity
MDA-MB-231 - single
MDA-MB-231 - confluent
MDA-MB-231 in MCF10A
JHU & ASU PS-OCs– Biophysical Journal, Volume 102, Issue 12, 2731-2741, 20 June 2012
UC Berkeley PS-OC – Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A v.109(6); Feb 7, 2012
PS-OC Network Research:
CTC Technology
Scripps PS-OC – Editorial & 5 articles in Physical Biology, Vol 9, February
2012
All 103 circulating tumor
• Fluid Biopsy in Patients with Metastatic Prostate, Pancreatic and Breast Cancers,
cells identified on 1 slide
• Characterization of circulating tumor cell aggregates identified in patients with epithelialfrom
tumors
a Stage IV prostate
cancer
patient.
• Cytometric comparisons between circulating tumor cells from prostate cancer patients and
the
prostate
tumor derived LNCaP cell line
Scripps: 1129 CTC/7.5ml
• High definition imaging of circulating tumor cells and associated cellular events in non-small
cell
lung
Veridex:
1 CTC/7.5ml
cancer patients; a longitudinal analysis
• Fluid biopsy for Circulating Tumor Cell identification in Patients with early and late stage Non-Small Cell
Lung Cancer; a glimpse into lung cancer biology
Cornell PS-OC – PLoS One. 2012;7(4):e35976. Epub 2012 Apr 27.
PS-OC Network Research:
DNA Mechanics
Northwestern PS-OC – Nature. 2012 Jun 3. doi: 10.1038/nature11142.
DFCI PS-OC – Nature Biotechnology 29, 1103–1108 (2011)
MIT PS-OC – Nature Biotechnology 29, 1109–1113 (2011)
Biomaterials in Cancer Research
Tools to develop a deeper understanding of cancer cell adhesion,
migration, and extracellular matrix remodeling
Tepuis – Princeton PSOC
Fraley SI et al. Nature Comm. 2012
Liu L et al. PNAS 2011
3D Hydrogels – JHU PSOC
OPSO Website Contains Relevant
Active Funding Opportunities
http://www.OPSO.cancer.gov/funding/opportunities.asp
PS-OC Funding Opportunity:
PS-OC Pilot and Outreach Pilot Project
j
Opportunities
pp
•
Cornell University PS-OC (Outreach Pilot projects)
http://www.psoc.cornell.edu/outreach-pilot-projects-outreach-pilot-projects.html
•
Johns Hopkins University PS-OC (Pilot projects with a JHU collaborator)
http://psoc.inbt.jhu.edu/research/funding/
•
Northwestern University PS-OC (new Pilot and Outreach Pilot opportunities
expected Spring 2013)
http://www.psoc.northwestern.edu/funding-opportunities/pilot-projects
//
/f
/
http://www.psoc.northwestern.edu/funding-opportunities/outreach-pilot-projects
•
Princeton University PS-OC (Pilot Projects with evolution focus)
http://www.princeton.edu/psoc/pilot-projects/
PS-OC Funding Opportunity:
NCI/NSF Collaboration
Physics and LIfe Sciences Early Research (PLIER) Awards
R l
Release
D t : Closed
Date
Cl
dF
Feb.
b 15
NSF Award Amount: $125 K for 3 years
E
Expected
t d # Awards:
A
d 5–6
Public Program Announcement
Relevant Active NIH Funding
Opportunities
•
Transforming
g Biomedicine at the Interface of the Life and Physical
y
Sciences ((R01))
•
•
Nanoscience and Nanotechnology in Biology and Medicine ( R01, R21)
•
•
PA-11-148
PA
11 148 , PA
PA-11-149
11 149 [Issued by NIBIB]
Development of Multifunctional Drug and Gene Delivery Systems (R01)
•
•
PAR-10-141 [NIGMS/NIAMS/NIBIB]
PAR-10-048 [Issued by NIBIB]
Early Stage Innovative Technology Developments in for Cancer Research (R21)
•
RFA-CA-12-002 [NCI]
Use RePORTER (http://projectreporter.nih.gov/reporter.cfm)
to find collaborators, evaluate the status of research fields, find
receptive ICs and study sections
Learn More about PS-OCs:
(physics cancer gov)
(physics.cancer.gov)
More Information
Jonathan Franca-Koh, Ph.D.
Program Manager, PS-OC
Email:
f
[email protected]
k hj @ il ih
Larry Nagahara, Ph. D.
Director,, OPSO
Email:
[email protected]