Download Bloodborne Pathogens

Bloodborne Pathogen Safety
Could You Contract a
Disease at Work?
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Administering first aid?
Cleaning the restrooms?
Using a tool covered with dried blood?
A co-worker sneezes on you?
Changing diapers?
Tube feeding?
Catheterization?
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What is a Bloodborne Pathogen
 A micro-organism that lives in your
blood and causes disease. Some
bloodborne pathogens include:
 Hepatitis B
 Hepatitis C
 HIV-AIDS
 Other diseases of concern for
educators:
 Hepatitis A
 Tuberculosis (TB)
 Common Cold
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What is Hepatitis A?
Hepatitis A is a liver disease caused by
Hepatitis A virus.
33% of Americans have evidence of
past infection (immunity)
Cases increasing slightly during past
several years.
Estimated 125,000-200,000 total
infections/yr in United States
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How is Hepatitis A Virus
Transmitted?
• Hepatitis A virus is spread from person
to person by putting something in the
mouth that has been contaminated
with the stool of a person with hepatitis
A. This type of transmission is called
"fecal-oral.“
• The virus is more easily spread in areas
where there are poor sanitary
conditions or where good personal
hygiene is not observed.
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What are the Signs and
Symptoms of Hepatitis A?
 Persons with hepatitis A virus infection may not have any signs
or symptoms of the disease.
 Older persons are more likely to have symptoms than children.
 If symptoms are present, they usually occur abruptly and may
include
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fever,
tiredness,
loss of appetite,
nausea,
abdominal discomfort,
dark urine, and
jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).
 Symptoms usually last less than 2 months; a few persons are ill
for as long as 6 months.
 The average incubation period for hepatitis A is 28 days.
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Hepatitis B (HBV)
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1—1.25 million
Americans are
chronically infected
Symptoms include:
jaundice, fatigue,
abdominal pain, loss
of appetite,
intermittent nausea,
vomiting
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May lead to chronic
liver disease, liver
cancer, and death
300,000 new cases
every year
90% Infection rate
HBV can survive for at
least two weeks in
dried blood
HEPATITIS B SYMPTOMS
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Jaundice,
fatigue,
abdominal pain,
loss of appetite,
intermittent nausea,
vomiting
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Hepatitis B Vaccination
• Offered to all potentially
exposed employees
• Provided at no cost to
employees
• Declination form
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Viral Hepatitis C
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Hepatitis C is a disease of the liver caused by the hepatitis C virus.
You should contact your medical care provider for a blood test if
you:
• were notified that you received blood from a donor who later
tested positive for hepatitis C.
• have ever injected illegal drugs, even if you experimented a few
times many years ago
• received a blood transfusion or solid organ transplant before
July, 1992
• received a blood product for clotting problems produced before
1987
• have ever been on long-term kidney dialysis
• have evidence of liver disease
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Hepatitis C (HCV)
• Hepatitis C is the most common chronic
bloodborne infection in the United States
• Symptoms include: jaundice, fatigue,
abdominal pain, loss of appetite,
intermittent nausea, vomiting.
• 85% Infection rate – only 25% will show
symptoms upon infection. The “Stealth
Disease” – some may have no symptoms
for 20 years or more.
• May lead to chronic liver disease and death
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Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
• 25-30% of infections are symptomatic
• Chronic infection >85% of infected
persons
• Chronic liver disease: 70% of infected
persons
• Deaths from chronic liver disease: 8,00010,000/yr
• Leading indication for liver transplantation
• Estimated 3.9 million (1.8%) Americans
have been infected with HCV of whom 2.7
million are chronically infected
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Hepatitis D and Hepatitis E
 Hepatitis D is a co-virus
associated with Hepatitis
B (HBV).
 Patients with HBV and
HDV have an increased
chance of developing liver
cancer or cirrhosis of the
liver.
 IV drug use or
unprotected sex with
multiple partners.
 HEV is transmitted
primarily by the fecal-oral
route and fecally
contaminated drinking
water is the most
commonly documented
vehicle of transmission
 Virtually all cases of acute
Hepatitis E in the United
States have been reported
among travelers returning
from high HEV-endemic
areas
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus
(HIV)
• HIV is the virus that leads
to AIDS
• HIV depletes the immune
system
• HIV does not survive well
outside the body
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# of AIDS Cases by Age at
Diagnosis
Age at Diagnosis
# of AIDS Cases
Under 5:
6,975
Ages 5 to 12:
2,099
Ages 13 to 19:
4,428
Ages 20 to 24:
28,665
Ages 25 to 29:
105,060
Ages 30 to 34:
179,164
Ages 35 to 39:
182,857
Ages 40 to 44:
136,145
Ages 45 to 49:
80,242
Ages 50 to 54:
42,780
Ages 55 to 59:
23,280
Ages 60 to 64:
12,898
Ages 65 or older:
11,555
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Trends in AIDS Epidemic
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Today, 42 million people are estimated to be
living with HIV/AIDS. Of these, 38.6 million are
adults. 19.2 million are women, and 3.2 million are
children under 15.
An estimated 5 million people acquired the
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 2002,
including 2 million women and 800,000 children under
15.
During 2002, AIDS caused the deaths of an
estimated 3.1 million people, including 1.2 million
women and 610,000 children under 15.
Women are becoming increasingly affected by HIV.
Approximately 50%, or 19.2 million, of the 38.6
million adults living with HIV or AIDS worldwide are
women.
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RISK GROUPS
• Injection drug users
• Sexually active
heterosexuals
• Men who have sex
with men
• Infants/children of
immigrants from
disease-endemic
areas
• Hemodialysis patients
• Low socioeconomic
level
• Sexual/household
contacts of infected
persons
• Infants born to
infected mothers
• Health care workers
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Potentially Infectious
Bodily Fluids
• Blood
• Saliva, vomit, urine (with visible
blood)
• Semen or vaginal secretions
• Skin, tissue, cell cultures
• Other body fluids
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PREVENTION OF TRANSMISSION OF
BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS
UNIVERSAL
PRECAUTIONS
Wear Personal Protective
Equipment, like Gloves
Good hygiene and
sanitation
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Universal Precautions
•Proper cleanup and
decontamination
•Treat all blood and bodily fluids as
if they are contaminated
•Wash your hands
First Aid
• Wear gloves if you might
come in contact with blood.
• Have first aid supplies handy
on the playground by keeping
a zip-lock plastic bag stocked
with disposable gloves, sterile
wipes, gauze wrap, and
bandaids in your pocket.
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Protective
Equipment
•Gloves (Latex, Vinyl, or Plastic)
•Apron
•Face shield
•CPR mask
**Whatever you need must be provided by
the district
Safe Work Practices
• Remove contaminated PPE or clothing
as soon as possible
• Clean and disinfect contaminated
equipment and work surfaces
• Thoroughly wash up immediately
after exposure
• Properly dispose of contaminated
items
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HOW TO WASH HANDS
(CONTINUED)
 Turn the faucet off using the towel.
 Discard the used towel in a trash can lined
with a fluid-resistant (plastic) bag.
 Consider using hand lotion to prevent chapping of
hands.
 When assisting a child in handwashing, either
hold the child (if an infant) or have the child
stand on a safety step at a height at which the
child's hands can hang freely under the running
water.
 Assist the child in performing all of the above
steps and then wash your own hands.
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How to Wash Hands
 Always use warm, running water and a liquid,
soap. Antibacterial soaps may be used, but are
not required.
 Wet the hands and apply a small amount of
liquid soap to hands.
 Rub hands together vigorously until a soapy
lather appears and continue for at least 15
seconds. (Sing a tune to pass the time!!) Be
sure to scrub between fingers, under fingernails,
and around the tops and palms of the hands.
 Rinse hands under warm running water. Leave
the water running while drying hands.
 Dry hands with a clean, disposable towel.
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When Hands Should Be
Washed
• Upon arrival at work.
• Immediately before handling food, preparing
bottles, or feeding children.
• After using the toilet, assisting a child in using the
toilet, or changing diapers.
• After contacting a child's body fluids, including wet
or soiled diapers, runny noses, spit, vomit, etc.
• Whenever hands are visibly dirty or after cleaning
up a child, the room, bathroom items, or toys.
• After removing gloves used for any purpose.
• Before giving or applying medication or ointment to
a child or self.
• Before going home.
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Decontamination
• Wear protective gloves
• Disinfectant/cleaner provided in
bodily fluid disposal kit
• Solution of 1/4 cup bleach per gallon
of water
• Properly dispose of contaminated
PPE, towels, rags
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Labels and Signs
• Labels must include the universal
biohazard symbol, and the term
“Biohazard” must be attached to:
• containers of regulated
biohazard waste
• refrigerators or freezers
containing blood or OPIM
• containers used to store,
transport, or ship blood or OPIM
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Exposure Incident
• A specific incident of contact with
potentially infectious bodily fluid
• If there are no infiltrations of mucous
membranes or open skin surfaces, it is not
considered an occupational exposure
• Report all accidents involving blood or
bodily fluids
• Post-exposure medical evaluations are
offered
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Potential Transmission
• Contact with another person’s blood or
bodily fluid that may contain blood
• Mucous membranes -- eyes, mouth, nose
• Non-intact skin
• Contaminated sharps/needles
Potential Exposure
• Administering first aid
• Post-accident cleanup
• Custodial or maintenance
work
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Post Exposure Evaluation
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Confidential medical evaluation
Document route of exposure
Identify source individual
Test source individuals blood (with
consent)
• Provide results to exposed employee
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What is an exposure?
What do I do?
 An exposure is:
 When someone
else’s blood gets
into your blood
through a cut or
open wound.
 Needle stick
 Human bite that
breaks the skin
 If you are exposed:
 Wash the exposed
area thoroughly with
soap and water.
 Report it to your
supervisor,
IMMEDIATELY
 Seek immediate
medical
attention
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Things to Remember
• A person could be HIV or HBV positive
and have no symptoms at all.
• You can’t tell by looking.
• Treat every person, every needle, and
every body fluid as if it’s infected.
• USE UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS
EVERY TIME.
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Summary
• Universal precautions
• Use PPE and safe work practices
• Decontaminate contaminated
surfaces
• Report Exposure incidents
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Use Universal Precautions!
Let’s break the chain of
infection.
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