Download (araneae, salticidae) from brazil

2004. The Journal of Arachnology 32:188–190
SHORT COMMUNICATION
A NEW BROMELIAD-DWELLING JUMPING SPIDER
(ARANEAE, SALTICIDAE) FROM BRAZIL
Adalberto J. Santos: Pós-graduação em Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo,
Laboratório de Artrópodes, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil 1500, CEP 05503900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. E-mail: [email protected]
Gustavo Q. Romero: Pós-graduação em Ecologia, Departamento de Zoologia,
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), CP. 6109, CEP 13083-970,
Campinas, SP, Brazil
ABSTRACT. Eustiromastix nativo new species is described and illustrated based on specimens collected
from bromeliads in northeastern and southeastern Brazil.
Keywords:
Salticidae, Eustiromastix, Bromeliaceae, new species
The spider genus Eustiromastix Simon 1902 has
10 species distributed all over South America and
the southern West Indies (Bauab & Soares 1978;
Galiano 1979, 1981). Although relatively well
known taxonomically, and widely distributed, nothing is known about the natural history of this group.
Recently, during a study on bromeliad-inhabiting
spiders in northeastern and southeastern Brazil, the
second author collected several specimens of a new
species. The males of this species present a characteristic apically curved cymbium, like several
species of the genus Eustiromastix. The females resemble other species of Eustiromastix by the wide,
flattened and folded copulatory ducts, which are as
wide as the spermathecae.
All specimens examined in this study were collected only on bromeliads with which they apparently maintain a specific relationship (Romero &
Vasconcellos-Neto pers. obs.). This observation is
reinforced by the fact that at the type locality, this
species was not collected outside bromeliads during
an extensive spider diversity inventory (Santos
1999). In this paper, this new species is described
and illustrated.
The female genitalia were removed and examined immersed in clove oil. All measurements are
in mm. All the specimens are deposited in the collection of the Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
(IBSP).
Eustiromastix nativo new species
Figs. 1–4
Type specimens.—Male holotype and female
paratype from Brazil, Espı́rito Santo, São Mateus,
Reserva Florestal da Companhia Vale do Rio Doce
(198069S, 398459W), G. Q. Romero & J. Vasconcellos-Neto, 25–30 August 2002 (deposited in IBSP
34769 and IBSP 34770 respectively).
Etymology.—The specific epithet is a noun in
apposition taken from the vegetation formation
where the type specimens were collected (campos
nativos).
Diagnosis.—Eustiromastix nativo males shares
with E. obscurus (Peckham & Peckham 1893) and
E. macropalpus Galiano 1979 an expanded, soft
area in the tegulum, close to the embolus base. It
can be distinguished from that species by that shape
of the soft tegular area, which is large and spherical;
and by a large hyaline retrolateral tegular process
(Figs. 1–2). Female resembles those of E. vincenti
(Peckham & Peckham 1893) by the lateral, spiral
shaped copulatory openings (Galiano 1979, fig. 14),
and differ by the copulatory openings closer to the
epigastric sulcus (Fig. 3) and by the differently
folded trajectory of the copulatory ducts (Fig. 4).
Description.—Male (holotype): Carapace black
with a median triangular patch of white cuticular
scales, close to posterior lateral eyes; another median spot of white scales close to anterior median
eyes, and a lateral band of white scales from the
posterior border to the area between posterior median and anterior lateral eyes. Clypeus black, chelicerae black and iridescent. Labium, endites and
sternum dark brown, covered with white hairs. Endites with a small antero-lateral pointed cusp. Palps
dark brown, with an apical cream spot on the venter
of the femur. Venter of palpal patella cream. Coxae
and trochanter I faint brown, yellow on other legs.
188
SANTOS & ROMERO—NEW EUSTIROMASTIX FROM BRAZIL
189
Figures 1–4.—Eustiromastix nativo new species. 1. Male palp, ventral view. 2. Lateral. 3. Female
epigynum, ventral. 4. Dorsal. Scale bars: Figs. 1–2 5 1.0 mm, 3–4 5 0.5 mm.
Femur brown, patella and tibia cream with irregular
brown spots. Metatarsus I red brown, orange on
other legs. Tarsi yellow. Dorsum of abdomen with
two anterior orange spots covered with white scales
and with a median cream band separated from anterior spots and laterally delimited by dark spots.
Sides and venter gray, with dark irregular spots.
Venter with a red brown spot on posterior third.
Spinnerets dark brown. Total length 6.4, carapace
3.4 long, 2.5 wide. Tibia I length 2.5, II 1.4, III 1.5,
IV 1.7. Abdomen 3.1 long, 1.6 wide.
Female (paratype): Carapace dark brown, ocular
190
area black and iridescent. Cephalic region with scattered white scales. Clypeus and chelicerae dark
brown. Labium, endites and sternum red brown, labium darker and sternum with a large central brown
spot. Palpus cream, with orange tarsus. Legs cream.
Dorsum of abdomen cream, with a lateral dark band
covering the posterior 80% of abdominal length.
Sides and venter gray. Spinnerets gray, dark brown
laterally. Total length 7.9, carapace 3.4 long, 2.6
wide. Tibia I length 1.6, II 1.6, III 1.6, IV 1.7. Abdomen 4.1 long, 2.4 wide.
Variation.—Males (n 5 3): total length 6.1–8.6,
carapace length 3.0–4.0, carapace width 2.5–3.1.
Females (n 5 5): total length 6.5–9.1, carapace
length 3.4–3.7, carapace width 2.5–2.7.
Natural history.—All specimens examined were
collected from two species of bromeliads (Vriesea
neoglutinosa Mez. in São Mateus and Aechmea
blanchetiana (Baker) L.B. Sm., in Trancoso) in two
vegetation formations, respectively campos nativos
and restingas. Both formations are similar, presenting a low, scattered vegetation over a sandy soil
(Jesus 1988; Lacerda et al. 1984).
Distribution.—Northeastern and southeastern
Brazil.
THE JOURNAL OF ARACHNOLOGY
for suggestions on the manuscript. This study was
financed by FAPESP PhD grants to AJS (proc. 99/
05695-8) and GQR (01/04610-0). This paper is part
of BIOTA/FAPESP—the biodiversity vitual institute program (www.biotasp.org.brproc.99/05446-8).
LITERATURE CITED
Additional material examined.—BRAZIL: Bahia: Trancoso, 7–12 October 2001, G.Q. Romero, 1
?, 1 / (IBSP 34772); Espı́rito Santo: same data as
types, 1 ?, 3 / (IBSP 34771).
Bauab V., M.J. & B.A.M. Soares. 1978. Contribuição ao estudo dos Salticidae do Brasil. III. (Araneae). Revista Brasileira de Biologia 38:359–
361.
Galiano, M.E. 1979. Revision del genero Eustiromastix Simon, 1902 (Araneae, Salticidae). Journal of Arachnology 7:169–186.
Galiano, M.E. 1981. Three new species of Salticidae (Araneae). Bulletin of the American Museum
of Natural History 170:216–218.
Jesus, R.M. 1988. A reserva florestal da CVRD. Pp.
59–112. In Anais do VI Congresso Florestal Estadual, vol. 1.
Lacerda, L.D., D.S.D. Araujo, R. Cerqueira & B.
Turcq. 1984. Restingas: origem, estrutura e processos. Centro Editorial da Universidade Federal
Fluminense, Niterói.
Santos, A.J. 1999. Diversidade e composição em
espécies de aranhas da Reserva Florestal da
Companhia Vale do Rio Doce (Linhares, ES).
Masters Thesis, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas.
The authors are grateful to A.D. Brescovit, G.B.
Edwards, M.S. Harvey and an anonymous reviewer
Manuscript received 9 January 2003, revised 11
August 2003.