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LOGO
Basic Networking
from zero to hero.
11 Juni 2016
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LOGO
Tentang saya
Zufar Dhiyaulhaq, Telkom University
S1 Telecommunication Enginnering
Certificate, nope.
Personal Web
zufar.id,zufardhiayaulhaq.id
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2
LOGO
Fungsi Jaringan Komputer
jaringan komputer = sekumpulan komputer terhubung
satu-sama lain.
untuk apa?
1. membagikan sumber daya
2. komunikasi
3. akses informasi
4. entertaiment
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3
LOGO
Fungsi Jaringan Komputer
kenapa harus jaringan komputer
1. Networks support the way we learn.
2. Networks support the way we communicate.
3. Networks support the way we work.
4. Networks support the way we play.
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4
Perkembangan Teknologi Komputer
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LOGO
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5
komunikasi secara umum
LOGO
komputer mengencode lalu akan mentransmisikan
melalui alat dalam jaringan (bisa modem, bisa router,
bisa switch, dll) dan dihantarkan melalui kabel atau
nirkabel (wire or wireless) lalu diterima di komputer
tujuan.
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6
elemen-elemen jaringan
LOGO
1. devices
2. medium
3. services
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7
lets talk about devices
LOGO
devices dibagi 2
1. end devices
2. intermediary devices
• end devices adalah perangkat jaringan komputer yang
terletak di ujung.
• end devices bisa disebut juga host
• host bisa berupa server,client,both.
• komputer,laptop,smartphone,tablet,server,cctv,network
printer
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8
LOGO
intermediary devices
•intermediary Devices adalah devices yang
berada di tengah, maksudnya sebagai
penghubung antara end devices
•router, switch, multilayer switch, firewall,
modem, access point
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9
LOGO
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10
lets talk about media
LOGO
wireline
fiber optic,
Copper
wireless
802.11a/b/g/n,
Wi-Max, LTE,
EVDO,
HSDPA
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11
LOGO
Copper / Tembaga
Twisted Pair
Cable
Coaxial Cable
secara garis besar, media
transmisi dengan
menggunakan tembaga
terbagi menjadi 2
1. Twisted Pair Cable
2. Coaxial Cable
pada kabel tembaga, data
yang dilewatkan berbentuk
arus listrik
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12
LOGO
Coaxial Cable
kabel coaxial adalah kabel pertama yang digunakan pada
jaringan komputer. dengan lapisan pelindung yang banyak
sehingga tahan terhadap gangguan elektromagnetik dari luar.
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13
LOGO
Twisted Pair Cable
dinamakan seperti ini karena memang kabel twisted pair di
pilin (twist) dan juga berpasang-pasangan (pair).
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14
LOGO
kabel twisted pair dibagi menjadi 2 yaitu :
1. Unshielded Twisted Pair ( UTP )
2. Shielded Twisted Pair ( STP )
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15
LOGO
kabel twisted pair menggunakan
konektor RJ-45.
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16
LOGO
Fiber Optic
jika pada kabel tembaga menggunakan arus listrik, pada
fiber optik data yang dilewatkan berbentuk cahaya.
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17
LOGO
Wireless
merupakan jenis media yang memanfaatkan gelombang
radio sebagai sarana untuk membawa datanya.
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18
Topologi Jaringan
LOGO
1. Bus
2. Ring
3. Star
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19
LOGO
Bus Topology
backbone
terminator
•Mempunyai satu jalur backbone atau jalur utama
dengan diujung backbone di terminasi dengan
t e r m i n a t o r. u n t u k m e n g h u b u n g k a n h o s t
menggunakan BNC T Connector
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20
LOGO
terminator
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terminator
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21
LOGO
topologi star
intinya adalah konsentrator, semua host
terhubung ke konsentrator.
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22
LOGO
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23
LOGO
topologi ring
topologi ring mirip dengan topologi bus
tetapi dalam topologi ring tidak memakai
terminator
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24
LOGO
QUIZ
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25
LOGO
Konsentrator
RJ-45
Twisted Pair Cable
RJ-45
comp1
comp2
comp3
comp4
Network Interface Card
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26
LOGO
coaxial cable
T Connector
NIC with BNC
Comp1
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Comp2
Comp3
Comp4
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27
terminator
Comp4
LOGO
coaxial cable
Comp1
T Connector
Comp3
NIC with BNC
Comp2
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28
Real Topology
LOGO
Local Network yang terhubung ke Internet (Public WAN)
melalui sebuah router
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29
Real Topology
LOGO
Local Network yang terhubung ke Internet (Public WAN) melalui
sebuah router. Juga memiliki beberapa server yang dapat
diakses dari Internet, walaupun server tersebut berada di
jaringan lokal (private).
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30
Real Topology
LOGO
Local Network yang terdiri dari multiple local network.
Dipisahkan oleh beberapa router yang dapat memudahkan
administrasi jaringan.
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31
LOGO
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32
Challenge
LOGO
which is logical topology and physical topology?
can you explain?
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33
Size of the Network
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34
Size of the Network
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35
Protocols
LOGO
protokol = aturan
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36
MikroTik Router
LOGO
Cisco Router
sejarahnya, protokol ini membantu memecahkan masalah
sehingga setiap perangkat jaringan yang berbeda vendor
dapat berkomunikasi.
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37
LOGO
learn the OSI protocols first
• OSI: Open System
Interconnection .
• Developed by the International
Organization for Standardization
in 1974.
• There are seven layers in OSI
reference Model .
• process or role
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38
LOGO
Application LAayer
Application Layer
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Application Layer
• layer user berinteraksi dengan
network.
Examples :
Web Services
Network virtual terminal
File Transfer, Access, and
Management (FTAM)
• Mail services
• Directory services
•
•
•
•
Physical
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39
LOGO
Data flow from Application Layer
Application
80
21
25
53
67
69
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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40
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40
Presentation Layer
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
LOGO
Presentation Layer is
responsible for converting data
into standard format.
apa yang ada disini? ya extensi
file
Examples : ASCII, EBCDIC, JPEG,
MPEG, BMP, MIDI, WAV, MP3
Physical
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41
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41
LOGO
suara
100101011101101000110101
video
111011010101011101110100
gambar
110101110110000101010101
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42
LOGO
Data flow from Presentation Layer
Application
Data
Presentation
Data
Session
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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43
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43
Session Layer
Session Layer
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
LOGO
s e s s i o n l a y e r, b e r f u n g s i u n t u k
mendefinisikan bagaimana sebuah
sesi atau koneksi atau komunikasi
dapat di bua t , di pe l i ha ra , da n
diputus.
Network
Data Link
Physical
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44
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44
LOGO
sesi http/80
sesi ftp/21
sesi dns/53
Server A
Client
Ses
Ses
i htt
p/8
0
i dn
s/53
yang dimaksud sesi adalah interaksi antar
komputer dengan satu tujuan tertentu.
contohnya sesi http antara client dan
server A. didalam sesi http, client
merequest halaman web dari server A
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Server B
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45
LOGO
Data flow from Session Layer
Application
Data
Presentation
Data
Session
Data
Transport
Network
Data Link
Physical
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46
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46
Transport Layer
Transport Layer
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Transport
Network
LOGO
transport layer, merupakan layer yang
memiliki banyak fungsi penting. yaitu
memecah-mecah data session menjadi
bagian-bagian yang lebih kecil, memberi
nomor urut disetiap data tersebut dan
memberikan nomor port yang telah
diminta oleh layer application.
Data Link
Physical
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transport layer memiliki dua metode yaitu
UDP dan TCP
47
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47
LOGO
Application
Application
Presentation
Presentation
Session
80
21
25
53
67
Network
1
2
3
}
UDP
data
Session
Transport
Transport
Transport
TCP
69
segment/datagram
Network
Data Link
Data Link
Physical
Physical
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48
LOGO
Data flow from Transport Layer
Application
Data
Presentation
Data
Session
Data
Transport
TH
Segment
Data
Network
Data Link
Physical
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49
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49
Network Layer
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Network
Data Link
LOGO
network layer, mendefinisikan alamat logika,
dan menentukan rute yang harus dilalui
packet untuk sampai ke tujuan.network layer
dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu routed protocol dan
routing protocol.
routing protokol : EIGRP,OSPF,RIP,IS-IS
routed protokol (addressing):
IP,IPX,Appletalk
Physical
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50
LOGO
e.g. Router
Application
Data
Presentation
Data
Session
Data
Transport
Segment
Network
NH
Packet
Segment
Data Link
Physical
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51
Data Link Layer
Application
Presentation
Session
LOGO
data link layer, menyediakan banyak
metode akses fisik seperti ethernet,
wireless 802.11, token ring, fddi, frame
relay, dll.
Transport
Network
Data
Data Link
Link
Physical
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dengan adanya layer data link, data
dapat dikirimkan dari sumber ke tujuan
dengan melewati banyak metode akses
fisik yang berbeda.
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52
LOGO
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53
LOGO
e.g. Switch
Application
Data
Presentation
Data
Session
Data
Transport
Segment
Network
Packet
Data Link
Frame
DH Packet
DT
Physical
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54
Physical Layer
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
LOGO
physical layer, merupakan layer yang
mengatur bagaimana data dikirimkan
melalui media fisik. mengatur segala
hal yang berkaitan dengan media fisik
seperti tegangan/arus listrik, panjang
media transmisi, jenis kabel, konektor.
Data Link
Physical
Physical
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55
LOGO
e.g. Hub
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Application
Data
Presentation
Data
Session
Data
Transport
Segment
Network
Packet
Data Link
Frame
Physical
Bits
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56
A
B
LOGO
Application
Data
Data
Application
Presentation
Data
Data
Presentation
Session
Data
Data
Session
Transport
TH
Data
Segment
Segment
Data
TH
Segment
NHPacket
Segment
NHPacket
NetworkNH
DH
DT
Data Link
Network
Data Link
Packet
DH Frame
DT
Packet
DH
Packet
DT Frame
Physical
Bits
Bits
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Packet
TH
Transport
Physical
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57
LOGO
OSI Layers
TCP/IP Layers
Application
Presentation
Application
Session
Transport
Transport
Network
Internet
Data Link
Physical
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Network
Access
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58
TCP/IP Encap/Decap
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LOGO
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59
Transport Layer
LOGO
Transport Layer memindahkan data antar-aplikasi antar-device dalam network. Transport
Layer menyiapkan Application Data untuk dikirim kedalam network dan menyiapkan
Network Data untuk di proses oleh aplikasi.
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60
LOGO
Identifikasi aplikasi
• Agar data dapat disampaikan pada aplikasi yang tepat, layer
transport harus mengidentifikasi target aplikasi yang dituju.
• Untuk itu layer transport memberikan identifier kepada aplikasi
yang disebut dengan port number.
TCP
UDP
Well-Known Ports
ftp(21), telnet(23), smtp(25), http(80),
POP3(110), IRC(194), https(443),
DNS(53), SNMP(161)
Tftp (69), RIP(520), DNS(53),
SNMP(161)
Registered Ports
MSN(1863), Alternate http (8080), MS RADIUS(1812), RTP/voice
SQL(1433)
and video transport protocol
(5004), SIP (VoIP), MS
SQL(1433)
Dynamic Ports
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61
Multiplexing Demultiplexing
LOGO
• Multiplexing : membundel input dari beberapa sumber menjadi satu
output tunggal.
• Demultiplexing : menerima input dari satu sumber dan mengirimkan
pada beberapa output.
• Hal ini memungkinkan layer bawah untuk memproses data tanpa
memperhatikan aplikasi mana yang menginisiasi data tersebut.
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62
LOGO
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63
Multiplexing & Demultiplexing
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64
LOGO
TCP dan UDP
TCP
UDP
Reliable
Unreliable, cepat, dan Low Overhead
Connection-oriented
Connectionless
Acknowledgement
Tanpa Acknowledgement
Mengirim ulang data yang hilang
Tidak ada pengiriman ulang
Sequencing.
Tidak ada sequencing, data diberikan ke
layer atas sesuai dengan datangnya data.
PDU disebut Segment
PDU disebut Datagram
Overhead 20 bytes
Overhead 8 bytes.
Web, email, file transfer
Video streaming, VoIP
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65
TCP dan UDP
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LOGO
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66
LOGO
TCP
• TCP (transmission control protocol)
• TCP memberi jaminan atau garansi pada data yang dikirim.
• untuk bertukar data, TCP membutuhkan proses three way handhshake.
• data yang akan dikirimkan, dipotong-potong lalu diberikan nomor urut
(sequence number) dan header TCP yang berisi source port dan
destination port.
• segment yang sampai pada tujuan, akan diverifikasi dengan mengirim
paket Acknowledge ke pengirim.
• segment yang hilang akan dikirimkan kembali oleh pengirim.
• jika semua segment telah sampai, semua segment diurutkan kembali
dengan nomor urut dan jadilah data.
• setelah selesai, dilakukan release connection.
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67
Three way handhshake
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LOGO
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68
LOGO
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69
TCP Acknowledgement
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LOGO
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70
TCP Retransmission Packet Loss
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LOGO
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71
TCP Acknowledgement Loss
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LOGO
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72
TCP Flow Control
LOGO
apa jadinya jika pengirim mempunyai bandwidth 10 GBps dan penerima mempunyai bandwidth 1
GBps?
sama saja dengan menuangkan air satu ember ke sebuah gelas kan. data-data yang dikirimkan
akan dibuang/rusak. TCP menerapkan mekanisme flow control untuk mencegah hal itu terjadi.
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73
TCP Connnection Release
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LOGO
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74
UDP
LOGO
• UDP (user datagram protocol).
• UDP tidak memberikan jaminan atas data.
• tidak memerlukan handhshake.
• dilihat dari headernya, UDP tidak memotong-motong data. tidak ada flow
control (timbulnya delay).
• tidak ada verifikasi atas data yang diterima.
• data yang hilang tidak dikirimkan kembali.
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75
TCP & UDP Header
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LOGO
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76
Internet Protocol
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LOGO
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77
IP Address
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LOGO
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78
IP Address Class
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LOGO
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79
LOGO
Question
1. Do these IP addresses belong to the same network?
IP1:220.34.30.42 IP2:220.34.32.48
2. Fill in the blank.
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80
LOGO
IP Addressing
Q. Do these IP addresses belong to the same network?
IP1:220.34.30.42 IP2:220.34.32.48
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www.nixtrain.co
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81
Convert decimal to binary or binary to decimal
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LOGO
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82
LOGO
Multicast
Unicast
Broadcast
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83
Network ID & Broadcast Address
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LOGO
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84
LOGO
Question
1. What is the Network ID and Broadcast Address of
the network which IP address 80.35.51.60 belongs?
2. Analyze the network which IP address 201.202.32.40
belongs?
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LOGO
Answer
1.
2.
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Default Subnet
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Boelan Operation
Subnet Mask AND IP = NET ID
Boolean AND
1 AND 0 = 0
0 AND 1 = 0
1 AND 0 = 0
2 AND 1 = 1
Example
= 80.0.0.0
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Challenge
LOGO
apakah ip address 45.94.177.30 dengan subnet 255.255.224.0
dan ip address 45.94.143.177 dengan subnet 255.255.224.0
merupakan satu network?
explain with AND operation and biner!
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Private IP Address
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Special IP Address
Link Local : 169.254.0.0/16 (169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255)
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Subnetting
LOGO
ada kalanya penggunaan ip address tidak efisien. contohnya Network class A
dapat menampung host sebanyak 16.777.214. sedangkan di perusahaan
hanya membutuhkan ip address sebanyak 4500 misalnya.
Solusi?
subnetting.
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formula
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Reference
1. http://www.dcs.bbk.ac.uk/~ptw/teaching/IWT/transport-layer/notes.html.
2. http://www.tenouk.com/Module42a.html.
3. http://www.soi.wide.ad.jp/class/20060035/slides/07/5.html.
4. https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6298.
5. https://belajarcomputernetwork.com/.
6. http://ilmujaringan.com/.
7. http://nixtrain.com/.
8. Transport Layer - Akhmad Mukhamad. comlabs.itb.ac.id.
9. OSI REFERENCE MODEL - H. Vignesh Ramamoorthy.
10. CISCO CCNA & Jaringan Komputer karya iwan sofana.
11. Cisco Networking Academy - CCNA Exploration 1.
12. Cisco Networking Academy - CCNA RS Introduction to Networks.
13. Konsep & Implementasi Routing dengan Router MIKROTIK 100%
Connected.
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