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Dra. Amanah Anwar, Psi., MSi. Anna.2016 Tujuan Mampu memahami berbagai pendekatan teori kepribadian, khususnya behavioristik & humanistik. Mampu mengemukakan aplikasi teori dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Mampu menganalisis kepribadian individu. Anna.2016 Sub Pokok Bahasan 1.Pengantar (Behavioristik & Humanistik) 1.Humanistic Trait and Self Theory 2.Classical Conditioning (Pavlov, Watson) (Allport) 3.Operant Conditioning (Skinner) 2.Trait Theory (Eysenck, Cattel, McCrae & Costa’s) 4.Stimulus Response Theory (Hull, Dollard, Miller) 3.Person-Centered Theory (Carl Roger) 5.Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 4.Humanistic Self-Actualization Theory Mischel & Rotter’s) (Maslow) 6.Field Theory (Lewin) 5.Existensial Theory (Rollo May) 7.Personal Construct Theory (Kelly) 6.Existensial Theory (Victor Frankl) 7.Konsep Hidup Sehat . Anna.2016 Bahan Bacaan Jess Feist & Gregory J. Feist. (2006). Theories of Personality. New York: McGraw-Hill Co, Inc. Lawrence A. Pervin & Oliver P.John. (2001). Personality Theory and Research. 8th ed. New York: John Willey & Sons, Inc. Christopher F. Monte & Robert N. Sollod. (2003). Beneath The Mask, An Introduction to Theories of Personality. 7th ed. Florida: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Susan Cloninger. (2004). Theories of personality, Understanding persons. 4th ed. New Jersey: Pearson prentice Hall. Carl Ransom Rogers. (1987). Antara Engkau dan Aku. Terj. oleh Agus Cremers. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia. Victor Frankl. (2003). Logoterapi, terapi Psikologi melalui Pemaknaan Eksistensi. Terj.oleh M.Murtadio. Yogyakarta: Kreasi Wacana. Suryabrata, S. 1988. Psikologi Kepribadian. Jakarta: Rajawali, Press. Anna.2016 Penilaian Kehadiran: 10% Tugas: 20% UTS: 30% UAS: 40% Anna.2016 Mengapa Belajar Psi Kepribadian Kita sering bertanya-tanya tentang: Bagaimana dan mengapa setiap individu berbeda dan mengapa mereka berperilaku spt itu? Mengapa beberapa bergejolak emosinya sementara lainnya tidak? Mengapa cara mereka spt itu? Mengapa cara saya spt ini? Mengapa beberapa berhasil dan lainnya tidak? Apa, Bagaimana dan Mengapa..?? Anna.2016 The Field of Personality Individual differences: mencoba memahami individu sebagai dirinya yg asli, alami, dan berbeda dari yg lain. Total person: mencoba memahami bagaimana aspek-aspek yg berbeda dari fungsi individu saling berkaitan secara rumit, membentuk keseluruhan yg terintegrasi. Anna.2016 Types of Personality Theory (Monte, 1995) Teori Psychoanalytic Active-agent / passive object orientation & Definition of Personality Largely passive-object orientation: “Reality makes much of us” Characteristic ways of resolving unconscious conflicts of sexual and aggressive drives with learned ethical values; or conflicts of impulses toward self-fulfillment with impulses toward self-fragmentation. Anna.2016 Types . . . Teori Radical Behavioris Active-agent / passive object orientation & Definition of Personality Largely a passive-object orientation: “The environment shapes our repertoire of behaviors”-(persediaan) Personality is a fiction. All behavior is learned and very much controlled by the situation. Anna.2016 Types . . . Teori Cognitive Behavioristic (social learning) Active-agent / passive object orientation & Definition of Personality Interactional viewpoint, with person (mbangun) constructing reality by anticipating it, and reality constructing the person by meting out consequences Acquired observable response repertoire that may have “private” (cognitive) components, such as need to be masterful. Anna.2016 Types . . . Teori Active-agent / passive object orientation & Definition of Personality Existential- Completely active-agent orientation: “We Humanistic construct our reality” Characteristic and habitual ways of actualizing the needs and values of the true self in the face of life’s constant stresses, despite (walaupun) the realization that one must eventually face death. Anna.2016 Theory of Personality (Pervin, 2001) Structure: the basic units or building blocks of personality Change: how people change and why they sometimes resist change or unable to change Complete Theory of personality Psychopathology: the nature and causes of disordered personality functioning Process: the dynamic aspects of personality, including motives Growth & Development: how we develop into the unique person each of us is Theory of . . . Dapat membantu memahami individu yg unik, mencakup: Efektifitas fungsi keseluruhan individu. Mengetahui disfungsi yang terjadi. Merumuskan tujuan spesifik bagi intervensi. Identifikasi potensi individu & kemampuan yang positif. Teori Kepribadian Mampu menjawab pertanyaan ‘apa’, ‘bagaimana’, dan ‘mengapa’ tentang tingkah laku manusia. Anna.2016 Data of Personality Psychology Ada 4 jenis data yg biasa digunakan dalam penelitian psikologi kepribadian LOTS data about people: L-data: Life-record data O-data: Observer data T-data: Test data S-data: Self-report data Anna.2016 Goals of Research: Dalam penelitian, kita mencari pengamatan yang benar dan dapat dipercaya. Harus mempertimbangkan: Reliability: Pengamatan (pengukuran) yg stabil, dapat diandalkan, dapat diulangi dg hasil relatif sama. Validity: Pengamatan (pengukuran) merefleksikan fenomena atau variabel yg diukur. The ethics of research and public policy Memperhatikan isu-isu etis dalam pelaksanaan penelitian dan laporan hasil penelitian. Memperhatikan kode etik psikologi. Anna.2016 Approach to Personality Research Case studies and clinical research Penelitian intensif dan mendalam tentang individu. Laboratory studies and experimental research Penelitian dilakukan dg menciptakan kondisi tertentu, mengontrol dan melihat efek suatu variabel terhadap variabel lainnya. Personality questionnaires and correlational research Penelitian yg dilakukan jika tidak memungkinkan menggunakan pendekatan intensif dan eksperimen laboratorium. Anna.2016